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Kunkel G, Zhou Q, Treacy JW, Montgomery HR, Salas-Ambrosio P, Ready AD, Spokoyny AM, Houk KN, Maynard HD. Comparison of Cyclic and Linear PEG Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:744-749. [PMID: 38809040 PMCID: PMC11191396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bioconjugation of polymers to proteins is a method to impart improved stability and pharmacokinetic properties to biologic systems. However, the precise effects of polymer architecture on the resulting bioconjugates are not well understood. Particularly, cyclic polymers are known to possess unique features such as a decreased hydrodynamic radius when compared to their linear counterparts of the same molecular weight, but have not yet been studied. Here, we report the first bioconjugation of a cyclic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), to a model protein, T4 lysozyme, containing a single engineered cysteine residue (V131C). We compare the stability and activity of this conjugate with those of a linear PEG-T4 lysozyme analogue of similar molecular weight. Furthermore, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the behavior of the polymer-protein conjugates in solution. We introduce cyclic polymer-protein conjugates as potential candidates for the improvement of biologic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace
E. Kunkel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joseph W. Treacy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hayden R. Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pedro Salas-Ambrosio
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Austin D. Ready
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Bisht T, Adhikari A, Patil S, Dhoundiyal S. Bioconjugation Techniques for Enhancing Stability and Targeting Efficiency of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:226-243. [PMID: 37921168 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268777231013154850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing the stability and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various bioconjugation strategies employed in the field. The introduction highlights the significance of bioconjugation techniques in addressing stability and targeting challenges associated with protein and peptide-based drugs. Chemical and enzymatic bioconjugation methods are discussed, along with crosslinking strategies for covalent attachment and site-specific conjugation approaches. The role of bioconjugation in improving stability profiles is explored, showcasing case studies that demonstrate successful stability enhancement. Furthermore, bioconjugation techniques for ligand attachment and targeting are presented, accompanied by examples of targeted protein and peptide therapeutics. The review also covers bioconjugation approaches for prolonging circulation and controlled release, focusing on strategies to extend half-life, reduce clearance, and design-controlled release systems. Analytical characterization techniques for bioconjugates, including the evaluation of conjugation efficiency, stability, and assessment of biological activity and targeting efficiency, are thoroughly examined. In vivo considerations and clinical applications of bioconjugated protein and peptide therapeutics, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, as well as preclinical and clinical developments, are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with an overview of future perspectives, emphasizing the potential for novel conjugation methods and advanced targeting strategies to further enhance the stability and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivanand Patil
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivang Dhoundiyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Rong Y, Jensen SI, Lindorff-Larsen K, Nielsen AT. Folding of heterologous proteins in bacterial cell factories: Cellular mechanisms and engineering strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108079. [PMID: 36528238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of correctly folded and functional heterologous proteins is important in many biotechnological production processes, whether it is enzymes, biopharmaceuticals or biosynthetic pathways for production of sustainable chemicals. For industrial applications, bacterial platform organisms, such as E. coli, are still broadly used due to the availability of tools and proven suitability at industrial scale. However, expression of heterologous proteins in these organisms can result in protein aggregation and low amounts of functional protein. This review provides an overview of the cellular mechanisms that can influence protein folding and expression, such as co-translational folding and assembly, chaperone binding, as well as protein quality control, across different model organisms. The knowledge of these mechanisms is then linked to different experimental methods that have been applied in order to improve functional heterologous protein folding, such as codon optimization, fusion tagging, chaperone co-production, as well as strain and protein engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Rong
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheila Ingemann Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Xu Y, Wang H, Qiao Z. Precise Control of Self‐Assembly in Vivo Based on Polymer‐Peptide Conjugates. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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5
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Ozer I, Kelly G, Gu R, Li X, Zakharov N, Sirohi P, Nair SK, Collier JH, Hershfield MS, Hucknall AM, Chilkoti A. Polyethylene Glycol-Like Brush Polymer Conjugate of a Protein Drug Does Not Induce an Antipolymer Immune Response and Has Enhanced Pharmacokinetics than Its Polyethylene Glycol Counterpart. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103672. [PMID: 35133079 PMCID: PMC9008788 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics, except for antibodies, have a short plasma half-life and poor stability in circulation. Covalent coupling of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to protein drugs addresses this limitation. However, unlike previously thought, PEG is immunogenic. In addition to induced PEG antibodies, ≈70% of the US population has pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies. Both induced and preexisting anti-PEG antibodies result in accelerated drug clearance, reduced clinical efficacy, and severe hypersensitivity reactions that have limited the clinical utility of uricase, an enzyme drug for treatment for refractory gout that is decorated with a PEG corona. Here, the authors synthesize a poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) conjugate of uricase that decorates the protein with multiple polymer chains to create a corona to solve these problems. The resulting uricase-POEGMA is well-defined, has high bioactivity, and outperforms its PEG counterparts in its pharmacokinetics (PK). Furthermore, the conjugate does not induce anti-POEGMA antibodies and is not recognized by anti-PEG antibodies. These findings suggest that POEGMA conjugation may provide a solution to the immunogenicity and antigenicity limitations of PEG while improving upon its PK benefits. These results transcend uricase and can be applied to other PEGylated therapeutics and the broader class of biologics with suboptimal PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ozer
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Garrett Kelly
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Renpeng Gu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Nikita Zakharov
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Parul Sirohi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Smita K. Nair
- Department of SurgeryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Michael S. Hershfield
- Department of MedicineDivision of RheumatologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
- Department of BiochemistryDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
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6
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Ozer I, Pitoc GA, Layzer JM, Moreno A, Olson LB, Layzer KD, Hucknall AM, Sullenger BA, Chilkoti A. PEG-Like Brush Polymer Conjugate of RNA Aptamer That Shows Reversible Anticoagulant Activity and Minimal Immune Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107852. [PMID: 34994037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs. RNA aptamers are of significant therapeutic and clinical interest because their activity can be easily reversed in vivo-a useful feature that is difficult to achieve using other therapeutic modalities. Despite their therapeutic promise, RNA aptamers are limited by their poor blood circulation. The attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to RNA aptamers addresses this limitation. However, an RNA aptamer-PEG conjugate that is a reversible anticoagulant fails in a clinical trial due to the reactivity of the conjugate with pre-existing PEG antibodies and has cast a pall over PEGylation of aptamers and other biologics, despite its long history of utility in drug delivery. Here, PEG antibody-reactivity of this RNA aptamer is eliminated by conjugating it to a next-generation PEG-like brush polymer-poly[(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)] (POEGMA). The conjugate retained the drug's therapeutic action and the ability to be easily reversed. Importantly, this conjugate does not bind pre-existing PEG antibodies that are prevalent in humans and does not induce a humoral immune response against the polymer itself in mice. These findings suggest a path to rescuing the PEGylation of RNA therapeutics and vaccines from the deleterious side-effects of PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - George A Pitoc
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Juliana M Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Angelo Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Kyle D Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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7
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Shapiro DM, Ney M, Eghtesadi SA, Chilkoti A. Protein Phase Separation Arising from Intrinsic Disorder: First-Principles to Bespoke Applications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6740-6759. [PMID: 34143622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phase separation of biomolecules has become the focus of intense research in the past decade, with a growing body of research implicating this phenomenon in essentially all biological functions, including but not limited to homeostasis, stress responses, gene regulation, cell differentiation, and disease. Excellent reviews have been published previously on the underlying physical basis of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biological molecules (Nat. Phys. 2015, 11, 899-904) and LLPS as it occurs natively in physiology and disease (Science 2017, 357, eaaf4382; Biochemistry 2018, 57, 2479-2487; Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 6844-6879). Here, we review how the theoretical physical basis of LLPS has been used to better understand the behavior of biomolecules that undergo LLPS in natural systems and how this understanding has also led to the development of novel synthetic systems that exhibit biomolecular phase separation, and technologies that exploit these phenomena. In part 1 of this Review, we explore the theory behind the phase separation of biomolecules and synthetic macromolecules and introduce a few notable phase-separating biomolecules. In part 2, we cover experimental and computational methods used to study phase-separating proteins and how these techniques have uncovered the mechanisms underlying phase separation in physiology and disease. Finally, in part 3, we cover the development and applications of engineered phase-separating polypeptides, ranging from control of their self-assembly to create defined supramolecular architectures to reprogramming biological processes using engineered IDPs that exhibit LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mark Shapiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Max Ney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Seyed Ali Eghtesadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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8
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Boschanski M, Krüger T, Karsten L, Falck G, Alam S, Gerlach M, Müller B, Müller KM, Sewald N, Dierks T. Site-Specific Conjugation Strategy for Dual Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using Aerobic Formylglycine-Generating Enzymes. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1167-1174. [PMID: 34060308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple, site-specific protein conjugation is increasingly attractive for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). As it is important to control the number and position of cargoes in an ADC, position-selective generation of reactive sites in the protein of interest is required. Formylglycine (FGly) residues are generated by enzymatic conversion of cysteine residues embedded in a certain amino acid sequence motif with a formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). The addition of copper ions increases FGE activity leading to the conversion of cysteines within less readily accepted sequences. With this tuned enzyme activity, it is possible to address two different recognition sequences using two aerobic formylglycine-generating enzymes. We demonstrate an improved and facile strategy for the functionalization of a DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein) and the single-chain antibody scFv425-Fc, both directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The single-chain antibody was conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and carboxyfluorescein (CF) and successfully tested for receptor binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity in cell culture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareile Boschanski
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Krüger
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennard Karsten
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Georg Falck
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Kristian M Müller
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Kim J, Lee JY, Park HY, Kim H, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Jeong W. Combination of peptides with biological, organic, and inorganic materials for synergistically enhanced diagnostics and therapeutics. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo‐Young Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Park
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Hyeong Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Woo‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological Engineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
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10
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11
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12
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Kalita H, Patowary M. Fluorescent tumor-targeted polymer-bioconjugate: A potent theranostic platform for cancer therapy. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Guo RC, Zhang XH, Ji L, Wei ZJ, Duan ZY, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Recent progress of therapeutic peptide based nanomaterials: from synthesis and self-assembly to cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6175-6189. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review has described the synthesis, self-assembly and the anti-cancer application of therapeutic peptides and their conjugates, particularly polymer–peptide conjugates (PPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
| | - Xue-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lei Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zi-Jin Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhong-Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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14
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Byeon JC, Lee SE, Kim TH, Ahn JB, Kim DH, Choi JS, Park JS. Design of novel proliposome formulation for antioxidant peptide, glutathione with enhanced oral bioavailability and stability. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:216-225. [PMID: 30843439 PMCID: PMC6407602 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop proliposome formulations to improve the oral bioavailability of l-glutathione (GSH), GSH-loaded proliposomes were prepared using the granule method. Mannitol was selected as an effective excipient to achieve the desired particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and solubility for oral delivery of the final formulation. To evaluate the effect of surface charge of proliposomes on the oral bioavailability of GSH, negative (F1-F4) and positive proliposomes (F5-F9) were prepared. Particle size of F1 and F5 was 167.8 ± 0.9 and 175.9 ± 2.0 nm, and zeta potential of F1 and F5 was -8.1 ± 0.7 and 21.1 ± 2.0 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of F1 and F5 was 58.6% and 54.7%, respectively. Considering their particle size, zeta potential, and EE, the proliposomes F1 and F5 were adopted as the optimal formulations for further experiments. Solid state characterization of the proliposomes confirmed lipid coating on the surface of mannitol. The release of GSH from F1 and F5 formulations was prolonged until 24 h and pH independent. The total antioxidant capacity of GSH was concentration-dependent and maintained after formulation of GSH proliposomes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that the molecular structure of GSH was maintained in the proliposome formulations. GSH proliposomes exhibited no significant changes in particle size and zeta potential for 4 weeks. An oral bioavailability study in rats revealed that F5 exhibited 1.05-, 1.08-, and 1.11-fold higher bioavailability than F1, commercial capsule formulation, and pure GSH, respectively. In conclusion, the prepared GSH proliposomes enhanced the poor bioavailability of GSH and prolonged its duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chan Byeon
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jung Bin Ahn
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea.,b Department of Medical Management , Chodang University , Jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
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15
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Vignali V, S. Miranda B, Lodoso-Torrecilla I, van Nisselroy CAJ, Hoogenberg BJ, Dantuma S, Hollmann F, de Vries JW, Warszawik EM, Fischer R, Commandeur U, van Rijn P. Biocatalytically induced surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus and the bacteriophage M13. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:51-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-step laccase induced free radical oxidation of the tobacco mosaic virus and bacteriophage M13 led to acrylate-functionalized viruses with customizable properties.
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16
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Imada T, Moriya K, Uchiyama M, Inukai N, Hitotsuyanagi M, Masuda A, Suzuki T, Ayukawa S, Tagawa YI, Dohmae N, Kohara M, Yamamura M, Kiga D. A Highly Bioactive Lys-Deficient IFN Leads to a Site-Specific Di-PEGylated IFN with Equivalent Bioactivity to That of Unmodified IFN-α2b. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2537-2546. [PMID: 30277749 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) improves the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins, it drastically decreases their bioactivity. Site-specific PEGylation counters the reduction in bioactivity, but developing PEGylated proteins with equivalent bioactivity to that of their unmodified counterparts remains challenging. This study aimed to generate PEGylated proteins with equivalent bioactivity to that of unmodified counterparts. Using interferon (IFN) as a model protein, a highly bioactive Lys-deficient protein variant generated using our unique directed evolution methods enables the design of a site-specific di-PEGylated protein. Antiviral activity of our di-PEGylated IFN was similar to that of unmodified IFN-α2b. The di-PEGylated IFN exhibited 3.0-fold greater antiviral activity than that of a commercial PEGylated IFN. Moreover, our di-PEGylated IFN showed higher in vitro and in vivo stability than those of unmodified IFN-α2b. Hence, we propose that highly bioactive Lys-deficient proteins solve the limitation of conventional PEGylation with respect to the reduction in bioactivity of PEGylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Masuda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ayukawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Kiga
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
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17
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Saxena M, Delgado Y, Sharma RK, Sharma S, Guzmán SLPDL, Tinoco AD, Griebenow K. Inducing cell death in vitro in cancer cells by targeted delivery of cytochrome c via a transferrin conjugate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195542. [PMID: 29649293 PMCID: PMC5896948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major drawbacks of many of the currently used cancer drugs are off-target effects. Targeted delivery is one method to minimize such unwanted and detrimental events. To actively target lung cancer cells, we have developed a conjugate of the apoptosis inducing protein cytochrome c with transferrin because the transferrin receptor is overexpressed by many rapidly dividing cancer cells. Cytochrome c and transferrin were cross-linked with a redox sensitive disulfide bond for the intra-cellular release of the protein upon endocytosis by the transferrin receptor. Confocal results demonstrated the cellular uptake of the cytochrome c-transferrin conjugate by transferrin receptor overexpressing A549 lung cancer cells. Localization studies further validated that this conjugate escaped the endosome. Additionally, an in vitro assay showed that the conjugate could induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3. The neo-conjugate not only maintained an IC50 value similar to the well known drug cisplatin (50 μM) in A549 cancer cells but also was nontoxic to the normal lung (MRC5) cells. Our neo-conjugate holds promise for future development to target cancers with enhanced transferrin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Saxena
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Rohit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | | | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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18
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Pan Y, Neupane S, Farmakes J, Oh M, Bentz K, Choi Y, Yang Z. Insights on the Structure, Molecular Weight and Activity of an Antibacterial Protein-Polymer Hybrid. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:651-658. [PMID: 29131929 PMCID: PMC6122959 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are attractive biomaterials which combine the functions of both proteins and polymers. The bioactivity of these hybrid materials, however, is often reduced upon conjugation. It is important to determine and monitor the protein structure and active site availability in order to optimize the polymer composition, attachment point, and abundance. The challenges in probing these insights are the large size and high complexity in the conjugates. Herein, we overcome the challenges by combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and characterize the structure of antibacterial hybrids formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an antibacterial protein. We discovered that the primary reasons for activity loss were PEG blocking the substrate access pathway and/or altering protein surface charges. Our data indicated that the polymers tended to stay away from the protein surface and form a coiled conformation. The structural insights are meaningful for and applicable to the rational design of future hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Sunanda Neupane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Myungkeun Oh
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Kylie Bentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Yongki Choi
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1211 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
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19
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Maso K, Grigoletto A, Pasut G. Transglutaminase and Sialyltransferase Enzymatic Approaches for Polymer Conjugation to Proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:123-142. [PMID: 29680235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Proteins hold a central role in medicine and biology, also confirmed by the several therapeutic applications based on biologic drugs. Such therapies are of great relevance thanks to high potency and safety of proteins. Nevertheless, many proteins as therapeutics might present issues like fast kidney clearance, rapid enzymatic degradation, or immunogenicity. Such defects implicate frequent administrations or administrations at high doses of the therapeutics, thus yielding or exacerbating potential side effects. A successful technology for improving the clinical profiles of proteins is the conjugation of polymers to the protein surface. The design of a protein-polymer conjugate presents critical aspects that determine the efficacy and safety of the final product. The control over stoichiometry and conjugation site is a strict criterion on which researchers have been intensively focused during the years, in order to obtain homogeneous and batch-to-batch reproducible products. An innovative site-specific conjugation strategy relies on the use of enzymes as tools to mediate polymer conjugation. Enzymatic approaches are attractive because they allow site-selective polymer conjugation at specific protein amino acids. In these reactions, the polymer is a substrate analog that replaces the native substrate. Furthermore, enzymes can count other advantages such as high yields of conversion and physiological conditions of reaction. This chapter provides a meaningful description of protein-polymer conjugation through transglutaminase-mediated and sialyltransferase-mediated enzymatic strategies, reporting the mechanism of action and some relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianfranco Pasut
- University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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20
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Ozer I, Tomak A, Zareie HM, Baran Y, Bulmus V. Effect of Molecular Architecture on Cell Interactions and Stealth Properties of PEG. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2699-2710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hadi M. Zareie
- School
of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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