1
|
Kim T. Stable interphase inducer based on montmorillonite clay mineral to enhance stability and fire safety for lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:631-642. [PMID: 38820847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Heat buildup from factors like mechanical, electrical, or thermal stress is the main safety issue in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Even without such stressors, however, LMBs may remain fire-prone because of the development of unstable electrode-electrolyte interphase on charge-discharge, potentially leading to internal short circuits. In this study, a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase inducer (SCEI-I) is proposed to tackle both the cycling stability issue and safety concerns. SCEI-I is synthesized by incorporating montmorillonite, a clay mineral, and methylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester, a flame-retardant material, onto a porous polyethylene film. On cycling, SCEI-I can induce a thin (<8 nm), uniform and robust cathode-electrolyte interphase layer, contributing to a steady and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%-99.8% with decreased impedance. SCE-I improves electrochemical performance by reducing the capacity degradation from ∼21.9% to ∼8.9% after 100 cycles. SCE-I also demonstrates strong thermal stability as the endothermic energy of SCEI-I is only -32.4 J/g (24 °C-280 °C), which is less than one-third of that of polypropylene separator (-118.9 J/g). Furthermore, when exposed to fire, the SCEI-I membrane instantly extinguished flames by disrupting combustion chain reaction. The present study proposes an interfacial engineering approach to improve the stability and safety of LMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- Department of Safety Engineering, Incheon National University (INU), 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyssonnier C, Merabet A, Dupré N, Paireau C, Lestriez B. Critical Binder-to-Powders Coverage Ratio for Faster Graphite/SiO x Electrode Formulation Optimization. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301370. [PMID: 38098166 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Mastering electrodes' formulations is a complex and tedious task, because for each composition of electroactive material(s) it is necessary to adjust the inactive additives nature and content to optimize battery performance. In this direction, the amount of binder is proposed to be adjusted to the surface developed by all of the powders involved in the composition of the electrode, i.e., the electroactive materials and electronic conductive additives. This concept, introduces here as binder-to-powders coverage ratio, relies upon the micromechanical models developed in the field of polymer-based composite materials. The validity of this new electrode formulation parameter is shown here for two different SiOx/Graphite blends, which differ in the type of graphite, and for blends of two different binders, polyacrylic acid and styrene-butadiene rubber. At the optimal coverage ratio, a satisfactory capacity retention is obtained in full cell with an ethylene carbonate free and fluoroethylene carbonate rich electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Meyssonnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
- Armor Battery Films, 7 Rue de la Pelissière, La Chevrolière, 44118, France
| | - Amina Merabet
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Cyril Paireau
- Armor Battery Films, 7 Rue de la Pelissière, La Chevrolière, 44118, France
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Araño K, Gautier N, Kerr R, Lestriez B, Le Bideau J, Howlett PC, Guyomard D, Forsyth M, Dupré N. Understanding the Capacity Decay of Si/NMC622 Li-Ion Batteries Cycled in Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: A New Perspective. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52715-52728. [PMID: 36394288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing Li-ion batteries have been the focus of many energy storage research efforts because of the promise of high energy density. Depending on the system, silicon generally demonstrates stable performance in half-cells, which is often attributed to the unlimited lithium supply from the lithium (Li) metal counter electrode. Here, the electrochemical performance of silicon with a high voltage NMC622 cathode was investigated in superconcentrated phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. As a matter of fact, there is very limited work and understanding of the full cell cycling of silicon in such a new class of electrolytes. The electrochemical behavior of silicon in the various IL electrolytes shows a gradual and steeper capacity decay, compared to what we previously reported in half-cells. This behavior is linked to a different evolution of the silicon morphology upon cycling, and the characterization of cycled electrodes points toward mechanical reasons, complete disconnection of part of the electrode, or internal mechanical stress, due to silicon and Li metal volume variation upon cycling, to explain the progressive capacity fading in full cell configuration. An extremely stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the full Li-ion cells can be seen from a combination of qualitative and quantitative information from transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Our findings provide a new perspective to full cell interpretation regarding capacity fading, which is oftentimes linked almost exclusively to the loss of Li inventory but also more broadly, and provide new insights into the impact of the evolution of silicon morphology on the electrochemical behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn Araño
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20, Avenue du Grésillé-BP 90406, Angers Cedex 01 49004, France
| | - Nicolas Gautier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Desrues A, De Vito E, Boismain F, Alper JP, Haon C, Herlin-Boime N, Franger S. Electrochemical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Early SEI Formation and Evolution on Si and Si@C Nanoparticle-Based Electrodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7990. [PMID: 36431476 PMCID: PMC9699462 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon coatings can help to stabilize the electrochemical performance of high-energy anodes using silicon nanoparticles as the active material. In this work, the comparison of the behavior and chemical composition of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) was carried out between Si nanoparticles and carbon-coated Si nanoparticles (Si@C). A combination of two complementary analytical techniques, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), was used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of the SEI. It was demonstrated that the SEI on Si particles is more resistive than the SEI on the Si@C particles. XPS demonstrated that the interface on the Si particles contains more oxygen when not covered with carbon, which shows that a protective layer of carbon helps to reduce the number of inorganic components, leading to more resistive SEI. The combination of those two analytical techniques is implemented to highlight the features and evolution of interfaces in different battery technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Desrues
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric De Vito
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Boismain
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John P. Alper
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cédric Haon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DEHT, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvain Franger
- ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Castro O, Audinot JN, Hoang HQ, Coulbary C, Bouton O, Barrahma R, Ost A, Stoffels C, Jiao C, Dutka M, Geryk M, Wirtz T. Magnetic Sector Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry on FIB-SEM Instruments for Nanoscale Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10754-10763. [PMID: 35862487 PMCID: PMC9352148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The structural, morphological,
and chemical characterization of
samples is of utmost importance for a large number of scientific fields.
Furthermore, this characterization very often needs to be performed
in three dimensions and at length scales down to the nanometer. Therefore,
there is a stringent necessity to develop appropriate instrumentational
solutions to fulfill these needs. Here we report on the deployment
of magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) on a type
of instrument widely used for such nanoscale investigations, namely,
focused ion beam (FIB)–scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instruments.
First, we present the layout of the FIB-SEM-SIMS instrument and address
its performance by using specific test samples. The achieved performance
can be summarized as follows: an overall secondary ion beam transmission
above 40%, a mass resolving power (M/ΔM) of more than 400, a detectable mass range from 1 to 400
amu, a lateral resolution in two-dimensional (2D) chemical imaging
mode of 15 nm, and a depth resolution of ∼4 nm at 3.0 keV of
beam landing energy. Second, we show results (depth profiling, 2D
imaging, three-dimensional imaging) obtained in a wide range of areas,
such as battery research, photovoltaics, multilayered samples, and
life science applications. We hereby highlight the system’s
versatile capability of conducting high-performance correlative studies
in the fields of materials science and life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier De Castro
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Hung Quang Hoang
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Chérif Coulbary
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Bouton
- Prototyping, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rachid Barrahma
- Prototyping, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Ost
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Charlotte Stoffels
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Chengge Jiao
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Mikhail Dutka
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Michal Geryk
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Vlastimila Pecha 12, 627 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Nano-Analytics, MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Q, Meng T, Yu L, Guo S, Hu Y, Liu Z, Hu X. Interface Engineering to Boost Thermal Safety of Microsized Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200380. [PMID: 35652156 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Battery safety is vital to the application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially for high energy density cells applied in electric vehicles. As an anode material with high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, Si has received extensive attention for LIBs. However, it suffers from severe electrode pulverization during cycling due to large volume changes and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in accelerated capacity fading and even safety hazards. Therefore, safe and long-term cycling of Si-based anodes, especially under high-temperature cycling, is highly challenging for state-of-the-art high-energy LIBs. The thermal behavior of SEI is crucial for a high safety battery as the decomposition of SEI is the first step in thermal runaway. Here, highly reversible and thermotolerant microsized Si anodes for safe LIBs are demonstrated. Comprehensive electrochemical/mechanical/thermochemical behaviors of the SEI are systematically investigated. The rational design of robust SEI endows the Si-based cells with long-term durability at elevated temperatures and superior thermal safety. This work paves the way for designing industrial-scale, low-cost, microsized Si anodes with applications in next-generation LIBs with high energy densities and high safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Songtao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunhuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianluo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zapata Dominguez D, Berhaut CL, Buzlukov A, Bardet M, Kumar P, Jouneau PH, Desrues A, Soloy A, Haon C, Herlin-Boime N, Tardif S, Lyonnard S, Pouget S. (De)Lithiation and Strain Mechanism in Crystalline Ge Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9819-9829. [PMID: 35613437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Germanium is a promising active material for high energy density anodes in Li-ion batteries thanks to its good Li-ion conduction and mechanical properties. However, a deep understanding of the (de)lithiation mechanism of Ge requires advanced characterizations to correlate structural and chemical evolution during charge and discharge. Here we report a combined operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ 7Li solid-state NMR investigation performed on crystalline germanium nanoparticles (c-Ge Nps) based anodes during partial and complete cycling at C/10 versus Li metal. High-resolution XRD data, acquired along three successive partial cycles, revealed the formation process of crystalline core-amorphous shell particles and their associated strain behavior, demonstrating the reversibility of the c-Ge lattice strain, unlike what is observed in the crystalline silicon nanoparticles. Moreover, the crystalline and amorphous lithiated phases formed during a complete lithiation cycle are identified. Amorphous Li7Ge3 and Li7Ge2 are formed successively, followed by the appearance of crystalline Li15Ge4 (c-Li15Ge4) at the end of lithiation. These results highlight the enhanced mechanical properties of germanium compared to silicon, which can mitigate pulverization and increase structural stability, in the perspective for developing high-performance anodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anton Buzlukov
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Antoine Desrues
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Soloy
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Haon
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, STB, LM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Herlin-Boime
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asheim K, Vullum PE, Wagner NP, Andersen HF, Mæhlen JP, Svensson AM. Improved electrochemical performance and solid electrolyte interphase properties of electrolytes based on lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide for high content silicon anodes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12517-12530. [PMID: 35480361 PMCID: PMC9040649 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodes containing 60 wt% micron-sized silicon were investigated with electrolytes containing carbonate solvents and either LiPF6 or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt. The electrodes showed improved performance, with respect to capacity, cycling stability, rate performance, electrode resistance and cycle life with the LiFSI salt, attributed to differences in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Through impedance spectroscopy, cross sectional analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrode surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differences in electrode morphological changes, SEI composition and local distribution of SEI components were investigated. The SEI formed with LiFSI has a thin, inner, primarily inorganic layer, and an outer layer dominated by organic components. This SEI appeared more homogeneous and stable, more flexible and with a lower resistivity than the SEI formed in LiPF6 electrolyte. The SEI formed in the LiPF6 electrolyte appears to be less passivating and less flexible, with a higher resistance, and with higher capacitance values, indicative of a higher interfacial surface area. Cycling in LiPF6 electrolyte also resulted in incomplete lithiation of silicon particles, attributed to the inhomogeneous SEI formed. In contrast to LiFSI, where LiF was present in small grains in-between the silicon particles, clusters of LiF were observed around the carbon black for the LiPF6 electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Asheim
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | - H F Andersen
- Institute for Energy Technology 2007 Kjeller Norway
| | - J P Mæhlen
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - A M Svensson
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Research progress of nano-silicon-based materials and silicon-carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Wu ZY, Lu YQ, Li JT, Zanna S, Seyeux A, Huang L, Sun SG, Marcus P, Światowska J. Influence of Carbonate Solvents on Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition over Si Electrodes Monitored by In Situ and Ex Situ Spectroscopies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27335-27350. [PMID: 34693154 PMCID: PMC8529680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Si-based anodes should have high mechanical properties to adapt the volume changes of Si with low thickness and good ionic conductivity. To better understand the influence of carbonate solvents on the SEI composition and mechanism of formation, systematic studies were performed using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or propylene carbonate (PC) solvent and LiPF6 as a salt. A 1 M LiPF6/EC-DMC was used for comparison. The surface chemical composition of the Si electrode was analyzed at different potentials of lithiation/delithiation and after a few cycles. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results demonstrate that a thinner and more stable SEI layer is formed in LiPF6/DMC. The in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proves that the coordination between Li+ and DMC is weaker, and fewer DMC molecules take part in the formation of the SEI layer. The higher capacity retention during 60 cycles and less significant morphological modifications of the Si electrode in 1 M LiPF6/DMC compared to other electrolytes were demonstrated, confirming a good and stable interfacial layer. The possible surface reactions are discussed, and the difference in the mechanisms of formation of SEI in these three various electrolytes is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yu Wu
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yan-Qiu Lu
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sandrine Zanna
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Seyeux
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ling Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Philippe Marcus
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jolanta Światowska
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qi MY, Xu YS, Guo SJ, Zhang SD, Li JY, Sun YG, Jiang KC, Cao AM, Wan LJ. The Functions and Applications of Fluorinated Interface Engineering in Li‐Based Secondary Batteries. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yao Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Song Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Si-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Si-Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ke-Cheng Jiang
- Dongguan TAFEL New Energy Technology Company Limited Dongguan 523000 P. R. China
| | - An-Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Future Material Developments for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Answering Growing Demands from an End-User Perspective. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, batteries for electric vehicles are expected to have a high energy density, allow fast charging and maintain long cycle life, while providing affordable traction, and complying with stringent safety and environmental standards. Extensive research on novel materials at cell level is hence needed for the continuous improvement of the batteries coupled towards achieving these requirements. This article firstly delves into future developments in electric vehicles from a technology perspective, and the perspective of changing end-user demands. After these end-user needs are defined, their translation into future battery requirements is described. A detailed review of expected material developments follows, to address these dynamic and changing needs. Developments on anodes, cathodes, electrolyte and cell level will be discussed. Finally, a special section will discuss the safety aspects with these increasing end-user demands and how to overcome these issues.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiong J, Dupré N, Mazouzi D, Guyomard D, Roué L, Lestriez B. Influence of the Polyacrylic Acid Binder Neutralization Degree on the Initial Electrochemical Behavior of a Silicon/Graphite Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28304-28323. [PMID: 34101424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the physicochemical properties of the water-soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder in the electrochemical performance of highly loaded silicon/graphite 50/50 wt % negative electrodes has been examined as a function of the neutralization degree x in PAAH1-xLix at the initial cycle in an electrolyte not containing ethylene carbonate. Electrode processing in the acidic PAAH binder at pH 2.5 leads to a deep copper corrosion, resulting in a significant electrode cohesion and adhesion to the current collector surface, but the strong binder rigidity may explain the big cracks occurring on the electrode surface at the first cycle. The nonuniform binder coating on the material surface leads to an important degradation of the electrolyte, explaining the lowest initial Coulombic efficiency and the lowest reversible capacity among the studied electrodes. When processed in neutral pH, the PAAH0.22Li0.78 binder forms a conformal artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer on the material surface, which minimizes the electrolyte reduction at the first cycle and then maximizes the initial Coulombic efficiency. However, the low mechanical resistance of the electrode and its strong cracking explain its low reversible capacity. Electrodes prepared at intermediate pH 4 combine the positive assets of electrodes prepared at acidic and neutral pH. They lead to the best initial performance with a notable areal capacity of 7.2 mA h cm-2 and the highest initial Coulombic efficiency of around 90%, a value much larger than the usual range reported for silicon/graphite anodes. All data obtained with complementary characterization techniques were discussed as a function of the PAA polymeric chain molecular conformation, microstructure, and surface adsorption or grafting, emphasizing the tremendous role of the binder in the electrode initial performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Xiong
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1223 Taza-Gare, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Lionel Roué
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650, Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes F-44000, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arano K, Begic S, Chen F, Rakov D, Mazouzi D, Gautier N, Kerr R, Lestriez B, Le Bideau J, Howlett PC, Guyomard D, Forsyth M, Dupre N. Tuning the Formation and Structure of the Silicon Electrode/Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Interphase in Superconcentrated Ionic Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28281-28294. [PMID: 34114808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the stabilization of Li/Na metal battery and Li-ion battery cycling have highlighted the importance of electrode/electrolyte interface [solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)] and its direct link to cycling behavior. To understand the structure and properties of the SEI, we used combined experimental and computational studies to unveil how the ionic liquid (IL) cation nature and salt concentration impact the silicon/IL electrolyte interfacial structure and the formed SEI. The nature of the IL cation is found to be important to control the electrolyte reductive decomposition that influences the SEI composition and properties and the reversibility of the Li-Si alloying process. Also, increasing the Li salt concentration changes the interface structure for a favorable and less resistive SEI. The most promising interface for the Si-based battery was found to be in P1222FSI with 3.2 m LiFSI, which leads to an optimal SEI after 100 cycles in which LiF and trapped LiFSI are the only distinguishable lithiated and fluorinated products detected. This study shows a clear link between the nanostructure of the IL electrolyte near the electrode surface, the resulting SEI, and the Si negative electrode cycling performance. More importantly, this work will aid the rational design of Si-based Li-ion batteries using IL electrolytes in an area that has so far been neglected, reinforcing the benefits of superconcentrated electrolyte systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn Arano
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- French Environment and Energy Management Agency 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Srdan Begic
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Dmitrii Rakov
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Driss Mazouzi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, B.P.: 1223 Taza-Gare, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Nicolas Gautier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dupre
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Ma S, Mu X, Li R, Yin G, Zuo P. A Scalable Cathode Chemical Prelithiation Strategy for Advanced Silicon-Based Lithium Ion Full Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11985-11994. [PMID: 33683090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A silicon anode with ultra-high specific capacity has motivated tremendous exploration for high-energy-density lithium ion batteries while it still faces serious issues of irreversible lithium loss, unstable electrode electrolyte interface (SEI), and huge volume expansion. Prelithiation is a crucial technology to alleviate the harm of active lithium loss of silicon-based full-cell systems. Herein, we reported a cathode prelithiation method using Li2S-PAN as a lithium "donor", which was synthesized via chemical reaction between sulfurized polyacrylonitrile and Li-biphenyl complex. The Li2S-PAN with an initial charging capacity of 668 mAh g-1 (2.5-4.0 V) is loaded on the LiFePO4 electrode, and the LiFePO4/Li2S-PAN composite electrode displays a high initial charge capacity of 206 mAh g-1, which is 22.3% higher than the pristine LiFePO4. With a silicon/graphite/carbon (Si/G/C) composite anode, the Si/G/C||LiFePO4/Li2S-PAN full cell exhibits a reversible capacity of 123 and 107 mAh g-1 in the 1st and 10th cycle, which is 15.5 and 24.5% higher than the Si/G/C||LiFePO4 battery, respectively. The SEI layer of the silicon anode in the Si/G/C||LiFePO4/Li2S-PAN cell contains abundant conductive LiF species, which can enhance the interfacial stability and reaction kinetics of the cells. The proposed cathode prelithiation process is compatible with the industrial roll-to-roll electrode preparation process, exhibiting a promising application prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhe Liu
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue Mu
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Renlong Li
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Geping Yin
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pengjian Zuo
- MITT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao X, Lehto VP. Challenges and prospects of nanosized silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:042002. [PMID: 32927440 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Batteries are commonly considered one of the key technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions caused by the transport, power, and industry sectors. We need to remember that not only the production of energy needs to be realized sustainably, but also the technologies for energy storage need to follow the green guidelines to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases effectively. To reach the sustainability goals, we have to make batteries with the performances beyond their present capabilities concerning their lifetime, reliability, and safety. To be commercially viable, the technologies, materials, and chemicals utilized in batteries must support scalability that enables cost-effective large-scale production. As lithium-ion battery (LIB) is still the prevailing technology of the rechargeable batteries for the next ten years, the most practical approach to obtain batteries with better performance is to develop the chemistry and materials utilized in LIBs-especially in terms of safety and commercialization. To this end, silicon is the most promising candidate to obtain ultra-high performance on the anode side of the cell as silicon gives the highest theoretical capacity of the anode exceeding ten times the one of graphite. By balancing the other components in the cell, it is realistic to increase the overall capacity of the battery by 100%-200%. However, the exploitation of silicon in LIBs is anything else than a simple task due to the severe material-related challenges caused by lithiation/delithiation during battery cycling. The present review makes a comprehensive overview of the latest studies focusing on the utilization of nanosized silicon as the anode material in LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Endo R, Ohnishi T, Takada K, Masuda T. In Situ Observation of Lithiation and Delithiation Reactions of a Silicon Thin Film Electrode for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6649-6654. [PMID: 32787227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to electrochemical lithiation/delithiation processes of an amorphous Si electrode sputter-deposited on a Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 solid electrolyte. After the first lithiation, a broad Li peak appears at the Si surface, and peaks corresponding to bulk Si and Si suboxide significantly shift to lower binding energy. The appearance of the Li peak and shift of the Si peaks confirm the formation of lithium-silicide and lithium-silicates due to the lithiation of Si and native suboxide. The composition of lithium-silicide is estimated to be Li3.44Si by quantitative analysis of electrochemical response and photoelectron spectra. Peak fitting analysis shows the formation of Li2O and Li2CO3 due to side reactions. Upon the following delithiation, the peak corresponding to Li3.44Si phase shifts back to higher binding energy to form Li0.15Si phase, while lithium-silicates, Li2O, and Li2CO3 remained as irreversible species. Thus, electrochemical reactions accompanied with lithiation/delithiation processes are successfully observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimu Endo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohnishi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takada
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar P, Berhaut CL, Zapata Dominguez D, De Vito E, Tardif S, Pouget S, Lyonnard S, Jouneau PH. Nano-Architectured Composite Anode Enabling Long-Term Cycling Stability for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906812. [PMID: 32091177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Failure mechanisms associated with silicon-based anodes are limiting the implementation of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Understanding the aging mechanism that deteriorates the anode performance and introducing novel-architectured composites offer new possibilities for improving the functionality of the electrodes. Here, the characterization of nano-architectured composite anode composed of active amorphous silicon domains (a-Si, 20 nm) and crystalline iron disilicide (c-FeSi2 , 5-15 nm) alloyed particles dispersed in a graphite matrix is reported. This unique hierarchical architecture yields long-term mechanical, structural, and cycling stability. Using advanced electron microscopy techniques, the nanoscale morphology and chemical evolution of the active particles upon lithiation/delithiation are investigated. Due to the volumetric variations of Si during lithiation/delithiation, the morphology of the a-Si/c-FeSi2 alloy evolves from a core-shell to a tree-branch type structure, wherein the continuous network of the active a-Si remains intact yielding capacity retention of 70% after 700 cycles. The root cause of electrode polarization, initial capacity fading, and electrode swelling is discussed and has profound implications for the development of stable lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Eric De Vito
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Du N, Yang D. Designing superior solid electrolyte interfaces on silicon anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19086-19104. [PMID: 31538999 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is a passivation layer formed on the surface of lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials produced by electrolyte decomposition. The quality of the SEI plays a critical role in the cyclability, rate capacity, irreversible capacity loss and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The stability of the SEI is especially important for Si anodes which experience tremendous volume changes during cycling. Therefore, in this review we discuss the effect of the SEI on Si anodes. Firstly, the mechanism of formation, composition, and component properties of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) are introduced, and the SEI of native-oxide-terminated Si is emphasized. Then the growth model and mechanical failure of SEIs are analyzed in detail, and the challenges facing SEIs of Si anodes are proposed. Moreover, we highlight several modification methods for SEIs on Si anodes, including electrolyte additives, surface-functionalization of Si, coating artificial SEIs or protective layers, and the structural design of Si-based composites. We believe that designing a high-quality SEI is of great significance and is beneficial for the improved electrochemical performance of Si anodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Du
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeschull F, Surace Y, Zürcher S, Spahr ME, Novák P, Trabesinger S. Electrochemistry and morphology of graphite negative electrodes containing silicon as capacity-enhancing electrode additive. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
Cao C, Shyam B, Wang J, Toney MF, Steinrück HG. Shedding X-ray Light on the Interfacial Electrochemistry of Silicon Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2673-2683. [PMID: 31479242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical alloying reactions of group IV elements, such as Si, Ge, or Sn, with lithium provide a promising route to next-generation anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high volumetric and gravimetric capacities. However, commercialization of these anodes is still sparse owing to quick capacity fading and limited Coulombic efficiency, which arise from large volume expansion leading to particle cracking and subsequent electrochemical inactivity. As a result, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), originating in the decomposition of the electrolyte upon battery operation outside the electrolyte's thermodynamic stability window, grows uncontrollably. While a large number of mitigation strategies have been developed, an improved nanometer level fundamental understanding of the (de)lithiation process and SEI formation, growth, and evolution is necessary to overcome these challenges. Toward this end, many experimental and theoretical approaches have been utilized but still provide an incomplete picture. This is due to the difficulty of investigating buried interfaces and interphases of lithiation products and thin SEI layers (nanometer-scale) in situ and with the desired nanometer accuracy. In this Account, we illustrate the utilization of in situ X-ray reflectivity (XRR) to provide nanometer-scale insights on the SEI nucleation, growth, and evolution, and well as the (de)lithiation process of Si electrodes. XRR is a nondestructive and surface- and interface-sensitive technique that allows for in situ investigations during battery operation under realistic electrochemical conditions. Insight into the system is provided via the surface-normal density profile, which is interpreted in terms of thickness, density, and roughness of individual surface layers, allowing monitoring of the interfacial morphology and chemistry evolution, through which the SEI growth and Si (de)lithiation process can be resolved. We utilized a model battery anode consisting of a native oxide terminated single crystalline Si wafer in half cell configuration with standard electrolyte in a specifically designed in situ XRR electrochemical cell. We have resolved the nucleation and formation process of the inner inorganic SEI and have observed two well-defined inorganic SEI layers on Si anodes: a bottom-SEI layer (adjacent to the electrode) formed via the lithiation of the native oxide and a top-SEI layer mainly consisting of the electrolyte decomposition product, LiF. This SEI layer grows during lithiation and contracts during delithiation. Further, our results show that the lithiation of crystalline Si (c-Si) is a layer-by-layer, reaction-limited, two-phase process with a well-defined phase boundary between LixSi lithiation product and c-Si; in contrast, the delithiation of LixSi and the lithiation of amorphous Si (a-Si) are reaction-limited, single-phase processes. Moreover, we resolved the influences of current density and the Si crystallographic orientation of the reaction interface on the (de)lithiation process. The implications of our findings are discussed with regard to battery performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Cao
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Badri Shyam
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jiajun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Michael F. Toney
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen H, Xu H, Zeng Y, Ma T, Wang W, Liu L, Wang F, Zhang X, Qiu X. Quantification on Growing Mass of Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Deposited Mn(II) on the Silicon Anode of LiMn 2O 4 Full Lithium-Ion Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27839-27845. [PMID: 31294547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is considered to be one of the most important high-energy density anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. A large number of experimental studies on silicon anode have achieved better results, and greatly promoted its practical application potentiality, but almost of them are only tested in metal lithium half batteries. There is still an unavoidable question for commercial applications: what is the performance of the full cell composed of a silicon anode and a manganese-based material cathode? In this paper, the growing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and deposited manganese ions of the silicon anode's surface of the spinel lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4/silicon full cells are quantitatively studied during electrochemical cycling, and the SEI performances are tested by differential scanning calorimetry to find out the reason for the rapid decline of reversible capacity in the LiMn2O4/silicon system. The experimental results show that manganese ions can make SEI films rapidly grow on the silicon anode and make SEI films more brittle, which results in lower Coulombic efficiency and rapid decline in capacity of the silicon anode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jinggangshan University , Ji'An , Jiangxi 343009 , China
- Wilson College of Textiles , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Hanying Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Jinggangshan University , Ji'An , Jiangxi 343009 , China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Evaluation Technology for Electric Vehicles , China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Company, Limited , Tianjin 300300 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jinggangshan University , Ji'An , Jiangxi 343009 , China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jinggangshan University , Ji'An , Jiangxi 343009 , China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Evaluation Technology for Electric Vehicles , China Automotive Technology and Research Center, Company, Limited , Tianjin 300300 , China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Wilson College of Textiles , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8301 , United States
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Analysis of the effect of applying external mechanical pressure on next generation silicon alloy lithium-ion cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Ma T, Xu H, Yu X, Li H, Zhang W, Cheng X, Zhu W, Qiu X. Lithiation Behavior of Coaxial Hollow Nanocables of Carbon-Silicon Composite. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2274-2280. [PMID: 30649855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A design of coaxial hollow nanocables of carbon nanotubes and silicon composite (CNTs@Silicon) was presented, and the lithiation/delithiation behavior was investigated. The FIB-SEM studies demonstrated hollow structured silicon tends to expand inward and shrink outward during lithiation/delithiation, which reveal the mechanism of inhibitive effect of the excessive growth of solid-electrolyte interface by hollow structured silicon. The as-prepared coaxial hollow nanocables demonstrate an impressive reversible specific capacity of 1150 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles, giving an average Coulombic efficiency of >99.9%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the SEI film excessive growth is prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Institute of Tsinghua University Hebei , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Institute of Tsinghua University Hebei , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu Y, Stetson C, Wood K, Sivonxay E, Jiang CS, Teeter G, Pylypenko S, Han SD, Persson K, Burrell AK, Zakutayev A. Mechanical Properties and Chemical Reactivity of LixSiOy Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38558-38564. [PMID: 30360108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a commonly studied candidate material for next-generation anodes in Li-ion batteries. A native oxide SiO2 on Si is often inevitable. However, it is not clear if this layer has positive or negative effect on the battery performance. This understanding is complicated by the lack of knowledge about the physical properties, and by convolution of chemical and electrochemical effects during the anode lithiation process. In this study, LixSiOy thin films as model materials for lithiated SiO2 were deposited by magnetron sputtering at ambient temperature, with the goal of 1) decoupling chemical reactivity from electrochemical reactivity, and 2) evaluating the physical and electrochemical properties of LixSiOy. XPS analysis of the deposited thin films demonstrate that a composition close to previous experimental reports of lithiated native SiO2, can be achieved through sputtering. Our density functional theory calculations also confirm that possible phases formed by lithiating SiO2 are very close to the measured film compositions. Scanning probe microscopy measurements show the mechanical properties of the film are strongly dependent on lithium concentration, with ductile behavior and higher Li content and brittle behavior at lower Li content. Chemical reactivity of the thin films was investigated by measuring AC impedance evolution, suggesting that LixSiOy continuously reacts with electrolyte, in part due to high electronic conductivity of the film determined from solid state impedance measurements. Electrochemical cycling data of sputter deposited LixSiOy/Si films also suggest that LixSiOy is not beneficial in stabilizing the Si anode surface during battery operation, despite its favorable mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
26
|
Comprehensive Aging Analysis of Volumetric Constrained Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells with High Concentration Silicon-Alloy Anodes. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research, twenty-four high capacity (1360 mAh) NMC622/Si-alloy Li-ion full pouch cells with high silicon-alloy content (55%) are cycle aged under seven different cycling conditions to study the effect of different stressors on the cycle life of Si-anode full cells, among which are the effect of ambient temperature, Depth of Discharge (DoD) and the discharge current. The cells are volumetrically constrained at an optimal initial pressure to improve their cycle life, energy and power capabilities. Furthermore, the innovative test setup allows measuring the developed pressure as a result of repeated (de-)lithiation during battery cycling. This uniquely vast testing campaign on Si-anode full cells allows us to study and quantify independently the influence of different stress factors on their cycle life for the first time, as well as to develop a new capacity fade model based on an observed linear relationship between capacity retention and total discharge capacity throughput.
Collapse
|
27
|
Haber S, Leskes M. What Can We Learn from Solid State NMR on the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706496. [PMID: 29889328 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable battery cells are composed of two electrodes separated by an ion-conducting electrolyte. While the energy density of the cell is mostly determined by the redox potential of the electrodes and amount of charge they can store, the processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface govern the battery's lifetime and performance. Viable battery cells rely on unimpeded ion transport across this interface, which depends on its composition and structure. These properties are challenging to determine as interfacial phases are thin, disordered, heterogeneous, and can be very reactive. The recent developments and applications of solid state NMR spectroscopy in the study of interfacial phenomena in rechargeable batteries based on lithium and sodium chemistries are reviewed. The different NMR interactions are surveyed and how these are used to shed light on the chemical composition and architecture of interfacial phases as well as directly probe ion transport across them is described. By combining new methods in solid state NMR spectroscopy with other analytical tools, a holistic description of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be obtained. This will enable the design of improved interfaces for developing battery cells with high energy, high power, and longer lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Haber
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Leskes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Nölle R, Achazi AJ, Kaghazchi P, Winter M, Placke T. Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive for Improved Performance of Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Full Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28187-28198. [PMID: 30044617 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high specific and volumetric capacity and relatively low operation potential, silicon (Si) has attracted much attention to be utilized as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with increased energy density. However, the application of Si within commercial LIBs is still hindered by its poor cycling stability related to the huge volume changes of Si upon lithiation/delithiation, followed by continuous electrolyte decomposition and active lithium loss at the anode side. In this work, we present the application of pentafluorophenyl isocyanate (PFPI) as an effective electrolyte additive for lithium-ion full cells, containing a pure, magnetron-sputtered Si anode and a LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC-111) cathode. The performance of the Si/NMC-111 full cells is significantly improved in terms of capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency by the addition of 2 wt % PFPI to the baseline electrolyte and is compared to the well-known additives vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate. Furthermore, it is revealed that the additive is able to reduce the active lithium losses by forming an effective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Si anode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations unveil that PFPI is a main part of the SEI layer, leading to less active lithium immobilized within the interphase. Overall, our results pave the path for a broad range of different isocyanate compounds, which have not been studied for Si-based anodes in lithium-ion full cells so far. These compounds can be easily adjusted by modifying the chemical structure and/or functional groups incorporated within the molecule, to specifically tailor the SEI layer for Si-based anodes in LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nölle
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 46 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Andreas J Achazi
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Payam Kaghazchi
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Materials Synthesis and Processing , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH) , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 46 , 48149 Münster , Germany
- IEK-12 , Helmholtz Institute Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Corrensstraße 46 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Tobias Placke
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 46 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kalaga K, Rodrigues MTF, Trask SE, Shkrob IA, Abraham DP. Calendar-life versus cycle-life aging of lithium-ion cells with silicon-graphite composite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
31
|
Chen H, Ma T, Zeng Y, Liu L, Qiu X. Study on solid electrolyte interphase excessive growth caused by Mn (II) deposition on silicon anode. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Ruther RE, Hays KA, An SJ, Li J, Wood DL, Nanda J. Chemical Evolution in Silicon-Graphite Composite Anodes Investigated by Vibrational Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18641-18649. [PMID: 29792666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-graphite composites are under development for the next generation of high-capacity lithium-ion anodes, and vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify the different mechanisms that contribute to performance loss. With alloy anodes, the underlying causes of cell failure are significantly different in half-cells with lithium metal counter electrodes compared to full cells with standard cathodes. However, most studies which take advantage of vibrational spectroscopy have only examined half-cells. In this work, a combination of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy describes several factors that lead to degradation in full pouch cells with LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathodes. The spectroscopic signatures evolve after longer term cycling compared to the initial formation cycles. Several side-reactions that consume lithium ions have clear FTIR signatures, and comparison to a library of reference compounds facilitates identification. Raman microspectroscopy combined with mapping shows that the composite anodes are not homogeneous but segregate into graphite-rich and silicon-rich phases. Lithiation does not proceed uniformly either. A basis analysis of Raman maps identifies electrochemically inactive regions of the anodes. The spectroscopic results presented here emphasize the importance of improving electrode processing and SEI stability to enable practical composite anodes with high silicon loadings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose E Ruther
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Kevin A Hays
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Seong Jin An
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Jianlin Li
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - David L Wood
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim JY, Kim AY, Liu G, Woo JY, Kim H, Lee JK. Li 4SiO 4-Based Artificial Passivation Thin Film for Improving Interfacial Stability of Li Metal Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8692-8701. [PMID: 29461043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) thin film was developed as an artificial passivation layer to stabilize Li metal anodes during electrochemical reactions. The thin film was prepared using an electron cyclotron resonance-chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The obtained passivation layer has a hierarchical structure, which is composed of lithium silicide, lithiated silicon oxide, and a-SiO2. The thickness of the a-SiO2 passivation layer could be varied by changing the processing time, whereas that of the lithium silicide and lithiated silicon oxide layers was almost constant. During cycling, the surface of the a-SiO2 passivation layer is converted into lithium silicate (Li4SiO4), and the portion of Li4SiO4 depends on the thickness of a-SiO2. A minimum overpotential of 21.7 mV was observed at the Li metal electrode at a current density of 3 mA cm-2 with flat voltage profiles, when an a-SiO2 passivation layer of 92.5 nm was used. The Li metal with this optimized thin passivation layer also showed the lowest charge-transfer resistance (3.948 Ω cm) and the highest Li ion diffusivity (7.06 × 10-14 cm2 s-1) after cycling in a Li-S battery. The existence of the Li4SiO4 artificial passivation layer prevents the corrosion of Li metal by suppressing Li dendritic growth and improving the ionic conductivity, which contribute to the low charge-transfer resistance and high Li ion diffusivity of the electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Center for Energy Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Kim
- Center for Energy Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Guicheng Liu
- Center for Energy Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Woo
- Center for Energy Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hansung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Kee Lee
- Center for Energy Convergence Research , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tripathi AM, Su WN, Hwang BJ. In situ analytical techniques for battery interface analysis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:736-851. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interface is a key to high performance and safe lithium-ion batteries or lithium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok M. Tripathi
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nien Su
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Bing Joe Hwang
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tardif S, Pavlenko E, Quazuguel L, Boniface M, Maréchal M, Micha JS, Gonon L, Mareau V, Gebel G, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Rieutord F, Lyonnard S. Operando Raman Spectroscopy and Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction of Lithiation/Delithiation in Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11306-11316. [PMID: 29111665 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Operando Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were combined to probe the evolution of strain in Li-ion battery anodes made of crystalline silicon nanoparticles. The internal structure of the nanoparticles during two discharge/charge cycles was evaluated by analyzing the intensity and position of Si diffraction peaks and Raman TO-LO phonons. Lithiation/delithiation of the silicon under limited capacity conditions triggers the formation of "crystalline core-amorphous shell" particles, which we evidenced as a stepwise decrease in core size, as well as sequences of compressive/tensile strain due to the stress applied by the shell. In particular, we showed that different sequences occur in the first and the second cycle, due to different lithiation processes. We further evidenced critical experimental conditions for accurate operando Raman spectroscopy measurements due to the different heat conductivity of lithiated and delithiated Si. Values of the stress extracted from both operando XRD and Raman are in excellent agreement. Long-term ex situ measurements confirmed the continuous increase of the internal compressive strain, unfavorable to the Si lithiation and contributing to the capacity fading. Finally, a simple mechanical model was used to estimate the sub-nanometer thickness of the interfacial shell applying the stress on the crystalline core. Our complete operando diagnosis of the strain and stress in SiNPs provides both a detailed scenario of the mechanical consequences of lithiation/delithiation in SiNP and also experimental values that are much needed for the benchmarking of theoretical models and for the further rational design of SiNP-based electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, MEM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ekaterina Pavlenko
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucille Quazuguel
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Boniface
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, MEM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent Gonon
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Mareau
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gérard Gebel
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - François Rieutord
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC, MEM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang H, Chew HB. Nanoscale Mechanics of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithiated-Silicon Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25662-25667. [PMID: 28730818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ∼300% volume changes of lithiated silicon electrodes (LixSi) during electrochemical cycling lead to cracking of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Here, we report how strain is transferred from LixSi to two primary inorganic SEI components: LiF and Li2O. Our first principle calculations show that LiF, effectively bonded on LixSi at x > 1, enables the entire interface structure to deform plastically by forming delocalized stable voids. In contrast, Li2O tightly bonded to LixSi is stiffer, and deforms rigidly across all x. Our results explain the significantly improved ductility of SEI with higher LiF versus Li2O content observed experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huck Beng Chew
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang D, Hua X, Xiu GL, Zheng YJ, Yu XY, Long YT. Secondary ion mass spectrometry: The application in the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:1-14. [PMID: 28915935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention has been paid to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) investigation due to its importance in human health and global climate change. Surface characterization, single particle analysis and depth profiling of PM is important for a better understanding of its formation processes and predicting its impact on the environment and human being. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface technique with high surface sensitivity, high spatial resolution chemical imaging and unique depth profiling capabilities. Recent research shows that SIMS has great potential in analyzing both surface and bulk chemical information of PM. In this review, we give a brief introduction of SIMS working principle and survey recent applications of SIMS in PM characterization. Particularly, analyses from different types of PM sources by various SIMS techniques were discussed concerning their advantages and limitations. The future development and needs of SIMS in atmospheric aerosol measurement are proposed with a perspective in broader environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Guang-Li Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ma T, Yu X, Cheng X, Li H, Zhu W, Qiu X. Confined Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth Space with Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Hollow Structured Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13247-13254. [PMID: 28374994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries are of much interest owing to their extremely high specific capacity but still face some challenges, especially the tremendous volume change which occurs in cycling and further leads to the disintegration of electrode structure and excessive growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we designed a novel approach to confine the inward growth of SEI by filling solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) into pores of hollow silicon spheres. The as-prepared composite delivers a high specific capacity of more than 2100 mAh g-1 and a long-term cycle stability with a reversible capacity of 1350 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles. The growing behavior of SEI was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, and the results revealed that SPE occupies the major space of SEI growth and thus confines its excessive growth, which significantly improves cycle performance and Coulombic efficiency of cells embracing hollow silicon spheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chen T, Al-Shroofy M, Cheng YT. Unveiling the Critical Role of Polymeric Binders for Silicon Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Full Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3562-3569. [PMID: 28075114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of its natural abundance and high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh g-1, based on Li15Si4), silicon and its composites have been extensively studied as the negative electrode for future high energy density lithium-ion batteries. While rapid failure due to the significant volumetric strain of lithium-silicon reactions makes bulk silicon unsuitable for practical applications, silicon nanoparticles can sustain the large volume changes without fracturing. However, polymeric binders are usually required to maintain the structural integrity of electrodes made of particles. Recent lithium-ion half-cell tests have shown that lithium ion-exchanged Nafion (designated as Li-Nafion) and sodium alginate are highly promising binders for nanoparticle silicon electrodes. Nevertheless, there is scant information on the performance and durability of these electrodes in full cell tests which are likely to reveal the role of binders under more realistic conditions. This work focuses on understanding the role of various binders in lithium-ion full cells consisting of Si negative electrode and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 positive electrode. This study demonstrates, possibly for the first time, that silicon nanoparticles with either Li-Nafion or sodium alginate as binder can maintain a constant capacity of 1200 mAh g-1 for more than 100 cycles. In addition, during deep charge/discharge cycling, silicon electrodes containing Li-Nafion, Nafion, and sodium alginate can exhibit better capacity retention and higher specific capacity than that of silicon electrodes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiagang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yikai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Mohanad Al-Shroofy
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yang-Tse Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Boniface M, Quazuguel L, Danet J, Guyomard D, Moreau P, Bayle-Guillemaud P. Nanoscale Chemical Evolution of Silicon Negative Electrodes Characterized by Low-Loss STEM-EELS. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7381-7388. [PMID: 27960471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation remains the limiting factor of the lifetime of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) based negative electrodes. Methods that could provide clear diagnosis of the electrode degradation are of utmost necessity to streamline further developments. We demonstrate that electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM can be used to quickly map SEI components and quantify LixSi alloys from single experiments with resolutions down to 5 nm. Exploiting the low-loss part of the EEL spectrum allowed us to circumvent the degradation phenomena that have so far crippled the application of this technique on such beam-sensitive compounds. Our results provide unprecedented insight into silicon aging mechanisms in full cell configuration. We observe the morphology of the SEI to be extremely heterogeneous at the particle scale but with clear chemical evolutions with extended cycling coming from both SEI accumulation and a transition from lithium-rich carbonate-like compounds to lithium-poor ones. Thanks to the retrieval of several results from a single data set we were able to correlate local discrepancies in lithiation to the initial crystallinity of silicon as well as to the local SEI chemistry and morphology. This study emphasizes how initial heterogeneities in the percolating electronic network and the porosity affect SiNPs aggregates along cycling. These findings pinpoint the crucial role of an optimized formulation in silicon-based thick electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boniface
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA-INAC-MEM , F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucille Quazuguel
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS , 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Julien Danet
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38054 Grenoble, France
- CEA-INAC-MEM , F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS , 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS , 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen T, Zhang Q, Pan J, Xu J, Liu Y, Al-Shroofy M, Cheng YT. Low-Temperature Treated Lignin as Both Binder and Conductive Additive for Silicon Nanoparticle Composite Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32341-32348. [PMID: 27933840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a high-performance and durable silicon nanoparticle-based negative electrode in which conventional polymer binder and carbon black additive are replaced with lignin. The mixture of silicon nanoparticles and lignin, a low cost, renewable, and widely available biopolymer, was coated on a copper substrate using the conventional slurry mixing and coating method and subsequently heat-treated to form the composite electrode. The composite electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of up to 3086 mAh g-1 and retaining 2378 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1. Even at a relatively high areal loading of ∼1 mg cm-2, an areal capacity of ∼2 mAh cm-2 was achieved. The composite electrode also displayed excellent rate capability and performance in a full-cell setup. Through synergistic analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and nanoindentation experiment results, we attribute the amazing properties of Si/lignin electrodes to the judicious choice of heat treatment temperature at 600 °C. At this temperature, lignin undergoes complex compositional change during which a balance between development of conductivity and retaining of polymer flexibility is realized. We hope this work could lead to practicable silicon-based negative electrodes and stimulate the interest in the utilization of biorenewable resources in advanced energy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Jiagang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Mohanad Al-Shroofy
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| | - Yang-Tse Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, United States
| |
Collapse
|