1
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Ji G, Wei J, Zhao L, He C, Duan C. Reserving Electrons in Cofactor Decorated Coordination Capsules for Biomimetic Electrosynthesis of α-Hydroxy/amino Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39316512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable electricity-to-chemical conversion via the utilization of artificial catalysts inspired by redox biological systems holds great significance for catalyzing synthesis. Herein, we develop a biomimetic electrosynthesis strategy mediated by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) mimic-containing coordination capsule for efficiently producing α-hydroxy/amino esters. The coordination saturated metal centers worked as an electron relay to consecutively accept single electrons while donating two electrons to the NAD+ mimics simultaneously. The protonation of the intermediate generated active NADH mimics for biomimetic hydrogenation of the substrates via the conventional enzymatic manifold with or without the presence of natural enzymes. The pocket of the capsule encapsulated the substrate and enforced the close proximity between the substrate and the NADH mimics, forming a preorganized intermediate to shift the redox potential by 0.4 V anodically. The cobalt capsule gave methyl mandelate over a range of applied potentials, with an improved yield of 92% when operated at -1.2 V compared to that of Hantzsch ester or natural NADH. Kinetic experiments revealed a Michaelis-Menten mechanism with a Km of 7.5 mM and a Kcat of 1.1 × 10-2 s-1. This extended strategy in tandem with an enzyme exhibited a TON of 650 molE-1 with an initial TOF of 185 molE-1·h-1, outperforming relevant Rh-mediated enzymatic electrosynthesis systems and providing an attractive avenue toward advanced artificial electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guanfeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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2
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Li C, Tu L, Xu Y, Li M, Du J, Stang PJ, Sun Y, Sun Y. A NIR-Light-Activated and Lysosomal-Targeted Pt(II) Metallacycle for Highly Potent Evoking of Immunogenic Cell Death that Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy of Deep-Seated Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406392. [PMID: 38775364 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Though platinum (Pt)-based complexes have been recently exploited as immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers for activating immunotherapy, the effective activation of sufficient immune responses with minimal side effects in deep-seated tumors remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we propose the first example of a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated and lysosomal targeted Pt(II) metallacycle (1) as a supramolecular ICD inducer. 1 synergistically potentiates immunomodulatory response in deep-seated tumors via multiple-regulated approaches, involving NIR light excitation, boosted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, good selectivity between normal and tumor cells, and enhanced tumor penetration/retention capabilities. Specifically, 1 has excellent depth-activated ROS production (~7 mm), accompanied by strong anti-diffusion and anti-ROS quenching ability. In vitro experiments demonstrate that 1 exhibits significant cellular uptake and ROS generation in tumor cells as well as respective multicellular tumor spheroids. Based on these advantages, 1 induces a more efficient ICD in an ultralow dose (i.e., 5 μM) compared with the clinical ICD inducer-oxaliplatin (300 μM). In vivo, vaccination experiments further demonstrate that 1 serves as a potent ICD inducer through eliciting CD8+/CD4+ T cell response and Foxp3+ T cell depletion with negligible adverse effects. This study pioneers a promising avenue for safe and effective metal-based ICD agents in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China, Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Le Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China, Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China, Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Meiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China, Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China, Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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3
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Martí-Rujas J, Famulari A. Polycatenanes Formed of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407626. [PMID: 38837637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly-[n]-catenanes (PCs) self-assembled of three-dimensional (3D) metal organic cages (MOCs) (hereafter referred to as PCs-MOCs) are a relatively new class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that combine the properties of MOCs and polymers. The synthesis of PCs-MOCs is challenging because of the difficulties associated with interlocking MOCs, the occurrence of multiple weak supramolecular electrostatic interactions between cages, and the importance of solvent templating effects. The high density of mechanical bonds interlocking the MOCs endows the MOCs with mechanical and physical properties such as enhanced stability, responsive dynamic behavior and low solubility, which can unlock new functional properties. In this Minireview, we highlight the benefit of interlocking MOCs in the formation of PCs-MOCs structures as well as the synthetic approaches exploited in their preparation, from thermodynamic to kinetic methods, both in the solution and solid-states. Examples of PCs-MOCs self-assembled from various types of nanosized cages (i.e., tetrahedral, trigonal prismatic, octahedral and icosahedral) are described in this article, providing an overview of the research carried out in this area. The focus is on the structure-property relationship with examples of functional applications such as electron conductivity, X-ray attenuation, gas adsorption and molecular sensing. We believe that the structural and functional aspects of the reviewed PCs-MOCs will attract chemists in this research field with great potential as new functional materials in nanotechnological disciplines such as gas adsorption, sensing and photophysical properties such as X-ray attenuation or electron conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martí-Rujas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy)
- INSTM Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121, Florence, Italy
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4
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Fang W, Zhang J, Guo M, Zhao Y, Sue ACH. Triphenylamine[3]arenes: Streamlining Synthesis of a Versatile Macrocyclic Platform for Supramolecular Architectures and Functionalities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409120. [PMID: 38770884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Triphenylamine[3]arenes (TPA[3]s), featuring [16]paracyclophane backbone with alternating carbon and nitrogen bridging atoms, were synthesized through a BF3 ⋅ Et2O-catalyzed cyclization reaction using triphenylamine derivatized monomers and paraformaldehyde. This molecular design yielded a series of TPA[3] macrocycles with high efficiency, with their facile derivatizations also successfully demonstrated. On account of the strong electron-donating properties of the TPA moieties, these TPA[3]s exhibit remarkable delayed fluorescence, and possess a significant affinity for iodine. Furthermore, their inherent three-fold symmetry rendered TPA[3]s as novel building blocks for the construction of extended frameworks and molecular cages. This advancement expands the versatility of discrete macrocycles into complex architectures, enhancing their applicability across a broad spectrum of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361005, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361005, P. R. China
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5
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Feng Q, Ding R, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Guo C, He G, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Highly Efficient Self-Assembly of Heterometallic [2]Catenanes and Cyclic Bis[2]catenanes via Orthogonal Metal-Coordination Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407923. [PMID: 38738617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although catenated cages have been widely constructed due to their unique and elegant topological structures, cyclic catenanes formed by the connection of multiple catenane units have been rarely reported. Herein, based on the orthogonal metal-coordination-driven self-assembly, we prepare a series of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes, whose structures are clearly evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Owing to the multiple positively charged nature, as well as the potential synergistic effect of the Cu(I) and Pt(II) metal ions, the cyclic bis[2]catenanes display broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes but also explores their applications as superior antibacterial agents, which will promote the construction of advanced supramolecular structures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Zhao J, Lv R, Zhao F, Yang D. Post-Assembly Polymerization of Discrete Anion-Coordinated Triple Helicate. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400161. [PMID: 38593244 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly has been recently employed in the construction of anion-coordination-driven gel materials. However, the post-assembly modification strategy, which may be a highly efficient strategy to realize the functionalization of discrete 'aniono' supramolecular architectures, has not been employed yet. Herein we report the first example of anion-coordination-driven gel material cross-linked by well-defined 'aniono' triple helicate through post-assembly polymerization. The obtained gel shows self-healing property and excellent compatibility with various surfaces, including glass, rubber, leaf, PP, and metal. The viscoelastic gel constructed through the post-assembly modification strategy enriches the method to construct the anion-coordination-driven smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055
| | - Ruying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069
| | - Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069
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7
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Sharma S, Krishnaswamy S, Prusty S, Chand DK. A pair of conjoined trinuclear sub-frameworks in a pentanuclear double-cavity discrete coordination cage. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11287-11301. [PMID: 39055040 PMCID: PMC11268487 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination of Pd(ii) with selected bis-monodentate ligands produces the familiar multinuclear Pd m L2m type self-assembled "single-cavity discrete coordination cages" (SCDCC). If the ligand provides parallel coordination vectors, then it forms a binuclear Pd2L4 type cage, whereas utilization of ligands having appropriately divergent coordination vectors results in specific higher nuclear complexes. In contrast, preparation of emergent "multi-cavity discrete coordination cages" (MCDCC) using Pd(ii) and designer ligands is quite captivating where the neighboring cavities of the framework are conjoined with each other through a common metal center. A pair of conjoined binuclear Pd2L4 type sub-frameworks are present in a trinuclear Pd3L4 type double-cavity cage prepared from Pd(ii) and a tris-monodentate ligand having parallel coordination vectors. The present work envisioned a design to make double-cavity coordination cages having a pair of conjoined trinuclear Pd3L6 type sub-frameworks. To fulfill the objective we combined Pd(ii) with a mixture of designer bis-monodentate ligand (L) and tris-monodentate ligand (L') in a 5 : 4 : 4 ratio in one pot to afford the targeted pentanuclear type cage. The choice of bis-monodentate ligand L is based on the divergent nature of the coordination vectors suitable to produce a Pd3L6 type SCDCC. The tris-monodentate ligand L' having two arms is designed in such a manner that each of the arms reasonably resembles L. Study of the complexation behavior of Pd(ii) with L' provided additional guiding factors essential for the successful making of type MCDCC by integrative self-sorting. A few other MCDCC including lower symmetry versions were also prepared in the course of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Shobhana Krishnaswamy
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Soumyakanta Prusty
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- IoE Center of Molecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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8
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López-Corbalán V, Fuertes A, Llamas-Saiz AL, Amorín M, Granja JR. Recognition of anion-water clusters by peptide-based supramolecular capsules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6055. [PMID: 39025854 PMCID: PMC11258365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological and technological importance of anion-mediated processes has made the development of improved methods for the selective recognition of anions one of the most relevant research topics today. The hydration sphere of anions plays an important role in the functions performed by anions by forming a variety of cluster complexes. Here we describe a supramolecular capsule that recognizes hydrated anion clusters. These clusters are most likely composed of three ions that form hydrated C3 symmetry complexes that are entrapped within the supramolecular capsule of the same symmetry. The capsule is made of self-assembled α,γ-cyclic peptide containing amino acid with by five-membered rings and equipped with a tris(triazolylethyl)amine cap. To recognise the hydrated anion clusters, the hexapeptide capsule must disassemble to entrap them between its two subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria López-Corbalán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Fuertes
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio L Llamas-Saiz
- Unidad de Rayos X; Área de infraestructuras de Investigación, RIAIDT Edificio CACTUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan R Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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Guo S, Zhan WW, Yang FL, Zhou J, Duan YH, Zhang D, Yang Y. Enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages templated by in situ self-organized D 2h-symmetric anions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5628. [PMID: 38965215 PMCID: PMC11224320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of a molecule's geometry, chirality, and physical properties has long been a challenging pursuit. Our study introduces a dependable method for assembling D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. Specifically, D2h-symmetric anions, like oxalate and chloranilic anions, self-organize around a metal ion to form chiral-at-metal anionic complexes, which template the formation of D3-symmetric trigonal bipyramidal coordination cages. The chirality of the trigonal bipyramid is determined by the point chirality of chiral amines used in forming the ligands. Additionally, these cages exhibit chiral selectivity for the included chiral-at-metal anionic template. Our method is broadly applicable to various ligand systems, enabling the construction of larger cages when larger D2h-symmetric anions, like chloranilic anions, are employed. Furthermore, we successfully produce enantiopure trigonal bipyramidal cages with anthracene-containing backbones using this approach, which would be otherwise infeasible. These cages exhibit circularly polarized luminescence, which is modulable through the reversible photo-oxygenation of the anthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng-Lei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Hao Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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10
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O'Nolan D, Sitaula P, Bellamy T, Chatterton L, Amato K, Todd Ennis J, Harrison S, Soukri M, Blough B. Coalescence of Porous Coordination Cages into Crystalline and Amorphous Bulk Solids. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11700-11707. [PMID: 38863221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Discrete porous coordination cages are attractive as a solution processable material whose porosity is not predicated on a network structure. Here, we leverage the peripheral functionalization of these cage structures to obtain 12 novel, solution processable, porous coordination cages that afford crystalline and amorphous single-phase millimeter-scale monolithic bulk structures (six of each) upon solidification. These structures are based upon prototypal metal-organic polyhedra [Cu24(5-x-isophthalate)24] (where x = NH2, OH), wherein meta-substitution of linker ligands with acyl chloride or isocyanate moieties afforded amide and urethane functional groups, respectively. These porous cage structures were obtainable via direct synthesis between a metal salt and a ligand as well as postsynthetic modification of the cage and formed monoliths following centrifugation and drying of the product. We rationalize their self-assembly as colloidal packing of nanoscale cuboctahedral cages through weak interactions between their hydrophobic alkyl/aromatic surfaces. In general, amorphous solids were obtained via rapid precipitation from the mother liquor upon methanol addition, while crystalline solids could be obtained only following further chloroform and pyridine additions. The structure of the materials is confirmed via gas sorption and spectroscopic methods, while powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the nature of these bulk solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O'Nolan
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Paban Sitaula
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Timothy Bellamy
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lindsey Chatterton
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kelly Amato
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - J Todd Ennis
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Sara Harrison
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Mustapha Soukri
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bruce Blough
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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11
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Liu XR, Cui PF, García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Jin GX. Formation and reactivity of a unique M⋯C-H interaction stabilized by carborane cages. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9274-9280. [PMID: 38903214 PMCID: PMC11186334 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadening carborane applications has consistently been the goal of chemists in this field. Herein, compared to alkyl or aryl groups, a carborane cage demonstrates an advantage in stabilizing a unique bonding interaction: M⋯C-H interaction. Experimental results and theoretical calculations have revealed the characteristic of this two-center, two-electron bonding interaction, in which the carbon atom in the arene ring provides two electrons to the metal center. The reduced aromaticity of the benzene moiety, long distance between the metal and carbon atom in arene, and the upfield shift of the signal of M⋯C-H in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum distinguished this interaction from metal⋯C π interaction and metal-C(H) σ bonds. Control experiments demonstrate the unique electronic effects of carborane in stabilizing the M⋯C-H bonding interaction in organometallic chemistry. Furthermore, the M⋯C-H interaction can convert into C-H bond metallization under acidic conditions or via treatment with t-butyl isocyanide. These findings deepen our understanding regarding the interactions between metal centers and carbon atoms and provide new opportunities for the use of carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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12
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Liu H, Guo C, Li L, Zhang Z, Hou Y, Mu C, Hou GL, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li X, Zhang M. Multicomponent, Multicavity Metallacages That Contain Different Binding Sites for Allosteric Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15787-15795. [PMID: 38738985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The encapsulation of different guest molecules by their different recognition domains of proteins leads to selective binding, catalysis, and transportation. Synthetic hosts capable of selectively binding different guests in their different cavities to mimic the function of proteins are highly desirable but challenging. Here, we report three ladder-shaped, triple-cavity metallacages prepared by multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly. Interestingly, the porphyrin-based metallacage is capable of heteroleptic encapsulation of fullerenes (C60 or C70) and coronene using its different cavities, allowing distinct allosteric recognition of coronene upon the addition of C60 or C70. Owing to the different binding affinities of the cavities, the metallacage hosts one C60 molecule in the central cavity and two coronene units in the side cavities, while encapsulating two C70 molecules in the side cavities and one coronene molecule in the central cavity. The rational design of multicavity assemblies that enable heteroleptic encapsulation and allosteric recognition will guide the further design of advanced supramolecular constructs with tunable recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., 9F, Building NO.1, Lane 2570, Hechuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201600, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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13
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Jiang Z, Chen B, Zhao H, Wang J, Dong Q, Fu F, Liu D, Li Y, Newkome GR, Wang P, Chen M. Giant Expanded Porous Metallo-Hexagons. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38838168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a widely recognized approach for fabricating biomimetic functional nanostructures. Here, we report the synthesis of two giant hollow coronoid-like supramolecular hexagons, H1 and H2. These hexagons feature large cavities, showcasing unique inner and outer hexagons fixed by specific connectivities for enhanced stability and high metal center density. H1 exhibits properties that can be transformed through the thermodynamic conversion of the metallopolymer formed by L1 and L2. With an edge length of 6.8 nm, H2 is one of the largest hexagons reported to date. 1D and 2D NMR, TEM, ESI-MS, and TWIM-MS experiments provided conclusive evidence for the composition and structure of the assembled hexagons. This work demonstrates the feasibility of constructing giant supramolecular architectures with precise control over their size and shape, opening up new possibilities for the design and synthesis of sophisticated supramolecules and nonbiological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Bangtang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - He Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qiangqiang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Die Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - George R Newkome
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 510006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 510006, China
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14
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Hosoya S, Shoji S, Nakanishi T, Kobayashi M, Wang M, Fushimi K, Taketsugu T, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y. Guest-Responsive Near-Infrared-Luminescent Metal-Organic Cage Organized by Porphyrin Dyes and Yb(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10108-10113. [PMID: 38771149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) with luminophores have significant advantages for the facile detection of specific molecules based on turn-on or turn-off luminescence changes induced by host-guest complexation. One important challenge is the development of turn-on-type near-infrared (NIR)-luminescent MOCs. In this study, we synthesized a novel MOC consisting of two porphyrin dyes linked by four Yb(III) complexes, which exhibit bimodal red and NIR fluorescence signals upon photoexcitation of the porphyrin π system. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis and computational molecular modeling revealed that planar aromatic perfluorocarbons were intercalated into the MOC. The tight packing between the MOC and guests enhanced the NIR fluorescence of Yb(III) by suppressing energy transfer from the photoexcited porphyrin to oxygen molecules. Guest-responsive turn-on NIR fluorescence changes in an MOC were successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hosoya
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Sunao Shoji
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakanishi
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koji Fushimi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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15
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Pan T, Wu Y, Duan Y, Duan J. Solvents regulate the packing porosity of a bilayer metal-organic cage. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9106-9111. [PMID: 38738951 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are an emerging class of porous materials with promising applications. However, controlling the configuration of the cage packing, which can influence the overall porosity of the materials, remains a difficulty, as many factors can influence the cage assembly and stacking. Herein, we report a solvent strategy to fine-tune the packing configuration of a bilayer MOC, a small triangular prism cage (six Cu ions act as vertices, three nitrate ions act as pillars, and six nitrate ions act as caps) incorporated into a large triangular prism cage (another six Cu ions act as vertices, a couple of oxygen atoms act as pillars and six ligands (L1: 3,5-bis(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole) act as a jointed cap) by the coordination between the triazole nitrogen from L1 and the inner vertex Cu ions. The involved solvents water, acetonitrile (MeCN) and N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) form hydrogen bonds with this bilayer MOC, resulting in three different types of packing associated with systemically tuned porosity (NTU-93: 12.2%, NTU-94: 19.3%, and NTU-95: 42.1%). Gas adsorption and breakthrough tests demonstrate that NTU-95 has potential ability for C2H2/C2H4 separation. This work not only shows a case of finely tuned packing of coordination cages, but also provides a powerful tool that may be extended to other cage families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yanxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yuefeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
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16
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Wang JX, Li SC, Cai LX, Hu SJ, Zhou LP, Yang J, Sun QF. Stepwise Synthesis of Low-Symmetry Hexacationic Pyridinium Organic Cages. Org Lett 2024; 26:4152-4157. [PMID: 38722029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient approach was developed for the synthesis of the well-known BlueCage by pre-bridging two 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) panels with one linker followed by cage formation in a much improved yield and shortened reaction time. Such a stepwise methodology was further applied to synthesize three new pyridinium organic cages, C2, C3, and C4, where the low-symmetry cages C3 and C4 with angled panels demonstrated better recognition properties toward 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) than the high-symmetry analogue C2 featuring parallel platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lundberg DJ, Brown CM, Bobylev EO, Oldenhuis NJ, Alfaraj YS, Zhao J, Kevlishvili I, Kulik HJ, Johnson JA. Nested non-covalent interactions expand the functions of supramolecular polymer networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3951. [PMID: 38730254 PMCID: PMC11087514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks contain non-covalent cross-links that enable access to broadly tunable mechanical properties and stimuli-responsive behaviors; the incorporation of multiple unique non-covalent cross-links within such materials further expands their mechanical responses and functionality. To date, however, the design of such materials has been accomplished through discrete combinations of distinct interaction types in series, limiting materials design logic. Here we introduce the concept of leveraging "nested" supramolecular crosslinks, wherein two distinct types of non-covalent interactions exist in parallel, to control bulk material functions. To demonstrate this concept, we use polymer-linked Pd2L4 metal-organic cage (polyMOC) gels that form hollow metal-organic cage junctions through metal-ligand coordination and can exhibit well-defined host-guest binding within their cavity. In these "nested" supramolecular network junctions, the thermodynamics of host-guest interactions within the junctions affect the metal-ligand interactions that form those junctions, ultimately translating to substantial guest-dependent changes in bulk material properties that could not be achieved in traditional supramolecular networks with multiple interactions in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 23 Academic Way, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Yasmeen S Alfaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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18
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Ghorai S, Natarajan R. Chiral Self-Sorting, Spontaneous Resolution, and Hierarchical Self-Assembly in Metal-Organic Cages. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400842. [PMID: 38708784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The ability to collectively program chiral recognition and the hierarchical self-assembly of molecular and supramolecular building blocks into complex higher-order superstructures is a significant goal in supramolecular chemistry. Metal-organic cages are excellent model systems to examine chiral self-sorting and build hierarchical self-assembly. Herein, details on how limiting the conformational flexibility and incorporating hydrogen bonding functional groups in the ligands can influence chiral self-sorting and hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages are reported. The urea-functionalized axially chiral bis-pyridyl ligands afford high-fidelity in chiral self-sorting in Pd2L4 cages, when they have fewer conformations. Ligand L1, with more conformations, affords mixture of heterochiral and homochiral cages (≈70:30). Among them, the heterochiral cage adopts unusual twisted conformation and self-assembles into 2D sheets, linked by anion coordination between urea and nitrate. Ligand L2, with fewer conformations, affords homochiral cages via high-fidelity chiral self-sorting. The choice of counter anions influences further self-sorting in the solid state: racemate with PF6 - and spontaneously resolves conglomerate with BF4 -. Urea-BF4 hydrogen bonding directs hierarchical self-assembly of the Pd2L4 metal-organic cages into super-cubic networks. The study introduces a new approach in hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages into higher-order networks aided by hydrogen bonding anion coordination with functional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ghorai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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19
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Andrews KG, Horton PN, Coles SJ. Programmable synthesis of organic cages with reduced symmetry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6536-6543. [PMID: 38699263 PMCID: PMC11062111 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating symmetry-reducing methods into self-assembly methodology is desirable to efficiently realise the full potential of molecular cages as hosts and catalysts. Although techniques have been explored for metal organic (coordination) cages, rational strategies to develop low symmetry organic cages remain limited. In this article, we describe rules to program the shape and symmetry of organic cage cavities by designing edge pieces that bias the orientation of the amide linkages. We apply the rules to synthesise cages with well-defined cavities, supported by evidence from crystallography, spectroscopy and modelling. Access to low-symmetry, self-assembled organic cages such as those presented, will widen the current bottleneck preventing study of organic enzyme mimics, and provide synthetic tools for novel functional material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mount Joy, South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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20
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Vandeputte E, Antonetti E, Nava P, Dutasta JP, Chatelet B, Moraleda D, Nuel D, Giordano L, Martinez A. Straightforward Access to Chiral Phosphangulene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5314-5319. [PMID: 38568746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including heteroatoms have found a wide range of applications, for instance, in supramolecular chemistry or material science. Phosphangulene derivatives are P-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons presenting a concave aromatic surface suitable for building supramolecular receptors. However, the applications of this convenient building block have been strongly hampered by a difficult and multistep preparation requiring several protection-deprotection sequences along with the use of harmful reagents. Here, we report a straightforward, protecting-group-free, three-step, and hundred-milligram-scale synthesis of a chiral phosphangulene oxide derivative via a triple phospho-Fries rearrangement. This compound was easily resolved by chiral HPLC and further functionalized, giving rise to versatile chiral phosphangulene derivatives. Following this strategy, chiral phosphangulene oxides with low symmetry were synthesized. Molecular crystal structures revealed a variety of molecular organization in the solid. This opens the way to wider use of this compound as a building block for cages or new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Vandeputte
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Elise Antonetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- ENS Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Moraleda
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Nuel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Giordano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
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21
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Liang L, Su P, Wang Y, Li B, Lu S, Ma H, Chen Y, Zhao W, Li X, Yang XJ, Wu B. Peripheral Control of the Assembly and Chirality of Anion-Based Octanuclear Cubes by Cation-π Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10908-10916. [PMID: 38579155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of sophisticated polyhedral cages has drawn much attention because of their elaborate structures and potential applications. Herein, we report the anion-coordination-driven assembly of the first A8L12 (A = anion, L = ligand) octanuclear cubic structures from phosphate anion and p-xylylene-spaced bis-bis(urea) ligands via peripheral templating of countercations (TEA+ or TPA+). By attaching terminal aryl rings (phenyl or naphthyl) to the ligand through a flexible (methylene) linker, these aryls actively participate in the formation of plenty of "aromatic pockets" for guest cation binding. As a result, multiple peripheral guests (up to 22) of suitable size are bound on the faces and vertices of the cube, forming a network of cation-π interactions to stabilize the cube structure. More interestingly, when chiral ligands were used, either diastereomers of mixed Λ- and Δ-configurations (with TEA+ countercation) for the phosphate coordination centers or enantiopure cubes (with TPA+) were formed. Thus, the assembly and chirality of the cube can be modulated by remote terminal groups and peripheral templating tetraalkylammonium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Boyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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22
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van Hilst QVC, Pearcy AC, Preston D, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Brooks HJL, Crowley JD. A dynamic covalent approach to [Pt nL 2n] 2n+ cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4302-4305. [PMID: 38530770 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent approach was exploited to generate a family of homometallic [PtnL2n]2n+ cage (predominantly [Pt2L4]4+ systems) architectures. The family of platinum(II) architectures were characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the molecular structures of two cages were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn V C van Hilst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Aston C Pearcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Heather J L Brooks
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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23
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Li WZ, Wang XQ, Liu LR, Xiao J, Wang XQ, Ye YY, Wang ZX, Zhu MY, Sun Y, Stang PJ, Sun Y. Supramolecular coordination platinum metallacycle-based multilevel wound dressing for bacteria sensing and wound healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318391121. [PMID: 38527207 PMCID: PMC10998585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318391121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of novel wound healing methods with real-time infection sensing and high spatiotemporal precision is highly important for human health. Pt-based metal-organic cycles/cages (MOCs) have been employed as multifunctional antibacterial agents due to their superior Pt-related therapeutic efficiency, various functional subunits and specific geometries. However, how to rationally apply these nanoscale MOCs on the macroscale with controllable therapeutic output is still challenging. Here, a centimeter-scale Pt MOC film was constructed via multistage assembly and subsequently coated on a N,N'-dimethylated dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (MPT)-stained silk fabric to form a smart wound dressing for bacterial sensing and wound healing. The MPT on silk fabric could be used to monitor wound infection in real-time through the bacteria-mediated reduction of MPT to its radical form via a color change. The MPT radical also exhibited an excellent photothermal effect under 660 nm light irradiation, which could not only be applied for photothermal therapy but also induce the disassembly of the Pt MOC film suprastructure. The highly ordered Pt MOC film suprastructure exhibited high biosafety, while it also showed improved antibacterial efficiency after thermally induced disassembly. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the combination of the Pt MOC film and MPT-stained silk can provide real-time information on wound infection for timely treatment through noninvasive techniques. This study paves the way for bacterial sensing and wound healing with centimeter-scale metal-organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhen Li
- Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Ling-Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Zhengzhou450046, China
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Ju Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Xin-Qiong Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Ye
- Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430081, China
| | - Mai-Yong Zhu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Zhengzhou450046, China
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24
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Gao K, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Huo X, Guo C, Fu W, Xu J, Hou GL, Shang X, Zhang M. Guest-Regulated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Porphyrin-Based Multicomponent Metallacages for Selective Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319488. [PMID: 38305830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel materials for highly efficient and selective photocatalysis is crucial for their practical applications. Herein, we employ the host-guest chemistry of porphyrin-based metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and further use them for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Upon irradiation, the sole metallacage (6) can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) effectively via excited energy transfer, while its complex with C70 (6⊃C70) opens a pathway for electron transfer to promote the formation of superoxide anion (O2⋅-), producing both 1O2 and O2⋅-. The addition of 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY) to complex 6⊃C70 forms a more stable complex (6⊃BPY) via the coordination of the Zn-porphyrin faces of 6 and BPY, which drives fullerenes out of the cavities and restores the ability of 1O2 generation. Therefore, benzyl alcohols are oxidized into benzyl aldehydes upon irradiation in the presence of 6 or 6⊃BPY, while they are oxidized into benzoic acids when 6⊃C70 is employed as the photosensitizing agent. This study demonstrates a highly efficient strategy that utilizes the host-guest chemistry of metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species for selective photooxidation reactions, which could promote the utilization of metallacages and their related host-guest complexes for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xingda Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of, Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of, Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
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25
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Lian M, Zhao J, Zhang D, Ye S, Li Y, Yang D, Yang XJ, Wu B. Incorporation of an Anion-Coordinated Triple Helicate into a Thin Film for Choline Recognition in an Aqueous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401228. [PMID: 38354230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Functional thin films, being fabricated by incorporating discrete supramolecular architectures, have potential applications in research areas such as sensing, energy storage, catalysis, and optoelectronics. Here, we have determined that an anion-coordinated triple helicate can be solution-processed into a functional thin film by incorporation into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The thin films fabricated by the incorporation of the anion-coordinated triple helicate show multiple optical properties, such as fluorescence, CD, and CPL. In addition, the film has the ability to recognize choline and choline derivatives in a water system. The successful recognition of Ch+ by the film represents the first example of utilizing 'aniono'-supramolecular architectures for biomolecule detection in aqueous solution and opens up a new route for designing biocompatible functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Lian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Yidan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
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26
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de Montmollin J, Solea AB, Chen DW, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Orientational Self-Sorting in Octahedral Palladium Cages: Scope and Limitations of the " cis Rule". Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4583-4588. [PMID: 38198590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Octahedral coordination cages of the general formula [Pd6L12](BF4)12 were obtained by combining [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 with heteroditopic N-donor ligands. Four different ligands were employed. These ligands have 3-pyridyl donor groups at one end and 4-pyridyl, imidazolyl, or triazolyl donor groups at the other end. According to a geometric analysis, cages with a cis configuration at the six metal centers should be preferred ("cis rule"). This prediction was corroborated by spectroscopic data and crystallographic analyses. Limitations of the "cis rule" were also encountered, and possible explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Montmollin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Atena B Solea
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Damien W Chen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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27
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Davies JA, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Triamine and Tetramine Edge-Length Matching Drives Heteroleptic Triangular and Tetragonal Prism Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5215-5223. [PMID: 38349121 PMCID: PMC10910536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Heteroleptic metal-organic capsules, which incorporate more than one type of ligand, can provide enclosed, anisotropic interior cavities for binding low-symmetry molecules of biological and industrial importance. However, the selective self-assembly of a single mixed-ligand architecture, as opposed to the numerous other possible self-assembly outcomes, remains a challenge. Here, we develop a design strategy for the subcomponent self-assembly of heteroleptic metal-organic architectures with anisotropic internal void spaces. Zn6Tet3Tri2 triangular prismatic and Zn8Tet2Tet'4 tetragonal prismatic architectures were prepared through careful matching of the side lengths of the tritopic (Tri) or tetratopic (Tet, Tet') and panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Davies
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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28
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Doñagueda Suso B, Wang Z, Kennedy AR, Fletcher AJ, Furukawa S, Craig GA. Improving the gas sorption capacity in lantern-type metal-organic polyhedra by a scrambled cage method. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2857-2866. [PMID: 38404369 PMCID: PMC10882442 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a well-known method for increasing the complexity of porous frameworks. In these materials, the structural differences of the ligands used in the synthesis are sufficiently subtle that they can each occupy the same site in the framework. However, multivariate or ligand scrambling approaches are rarely used in the synthesis of porous metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) - the molecular equivalent of MOFs - despite the potential to retain a unique intrinsic pore from the individual cage while varying the extrinsic porosity of the material. Herein we directly synthesise scrambled cages across two families of lantern-type MOPs and find contrasting effects on their gas sorption properties. In one family, the scrambling approach sees a gradual increase in the BET surface area with the maximum and minimum uptakes associated with the two pure homoleptic cages. In the other, the scrambled materials display improved surface areas with respect to both of the original, homoleptic cages. Through analysis of the gas sorption isotherms, we attribute this effect to the balance of micro- and mesoporosity within the materials, which varies as a result of the scrambling approach. The gas uptake of the materials presented here underscores the tunability of cages that springs from their combination of intrinsic, extrinsic, micro- and meso-porosities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ashleigh J Fletcher
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ UK
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Gavin A Craig
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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29
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Zhao H, Wijerathna AMSD, Dong Q, Bai Q, Jiang Z, Yuan J, Wang J, Chen M, Zirnheld M, Li R, Liu D, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li Y. Adjusting the Architecture of Heptagonal Metallo-Macrocycles by Embedding Metal Nodes into the Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318029. [PMID: 38087428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly has been extensively employed for the bottom-up construction of discrete metallo-macrocycles. However, the prevalent use of benzene rings as the backbone limits the formation of large metallo-macrocycles with more than six edges. Herein, by embedding metal nodes into the ligand backbone, we successfully regulated the ligand arm angle and assembled two giant heptagonal metallo-macrocycles with precise control. The angle between two arms at position 4 of the central terpyridine (tpy) extended after complexation with metal ions, leading to ring expansion of the metallo-macrocycle. The assembled structures were straightforwardly identified through multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1 H, COSY, NOESY), multidimensional mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS and TWIM-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In addition, the catalytic performances of metallo-macrocycles in the oxidation of thioanisole were studied, with both supramolecules exhibiting good conversion rates. Furthermore, fiber-like nanostructures were observed from single-molecule heptagons by hierarchical self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | | | - Qiangqiang Dong
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Markus Zirnheld
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Rockwell Li
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Die Liu
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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30
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Zhu H, Ronson TK, Wu K, Nitschke JR. Steric and Geometrical Frustration Generate Two Higher-Order Cu I12L 8 Assemblies from a Triaminotriptycene Subcomponent. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2370-2378. [PMID: 38251968 PMCID: PMC10835662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of copper(I) in metal-organic assemblies leads readily to the formation of simple grids and helicates, whereas higher-order structures require complex ligand designs. Here, we report the clean and selective syntheses of two complex and structurally distinct CuI12L8 frameworks, 1 and 2, which assemble from the same simple triaminotriptycene subcomponent and a formylpyridine around the CuI templates. Both represent new structure types. In T-symmetric 1, the copper(I) centers describe a pair of octahedra with a common center but whose vertices are offset from each other, whereas in D3-symmetric 2, the metal ions form a distorted hexagonal prism. The syntheses of these architectures illustrate how more intricate CuI-based complexes can be prepared via subcomponent self-assembly than has been possible to date through consideration of the interplay between the subcomponent geometry and solvent and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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31
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Wang J, Jiang Z, Yin JF, Zhao H, Dong Q, Li K, Zhong W, Liu D, Yuan J, Yin P, Li Y, Lin Y, Chen M, Wang P. Strain-Induced Heteromorphosis Multi-Cavity Cages: Tension-Driven Self-Expansion Strategy for Controllable Enhancement of Complexity in Supramolecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317674. [PMID: 38055187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordinative supramolecular cages with adjustable cavities have found extensive applications in various fields, but the cavity modification strategies for multi-functional structures are still challenging. Here, we present a tension-driven self-expansion strategy for construction of multi-cavity cages with high structural complexity. Under the regulation of strain-induced capping ligands, unprecedented heteromorphosis triple-cavity cages S2 /S4 were obtained based on a metallo-organic ligand (MOL) scaffold. The heteromorphosis cages exhibited significant higher cavity diversity than the homomorphous double-cavity cages S1 /S3 ; all of the cages were thoroughly characterized through various analytical techniques including (1D and 2D) NMR, ESI-MS, TWIM-MS, AFM, and SAXS analyses. Furthermore, the encapsulation of porphyrin in the cavities of these multi-cavity cages were investigated. This research opens up new possibilities for the architecture of heteromorphosis supramolecular cages via precisely controlled "scaffold-capping" assembly with preorganized ligands, which could have potential applications in the development of multifunctional structures with higher complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Fu Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - He Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qiangqiang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kaixiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wanying Zhong
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Die Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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32
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Hu YX, Hao X, Wang D, Zhang ZC, Sun H, Xu XD, Xie X, Shi X, Peng H, Yang HB, Xu L. Light-Responsive Supramolecular Liquid-Crystalline Metallacycle for Orthogonal Multimode Photopatterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315061. [PMID: 37966368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of multimode photopatterning systems based on supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) is considerably attractive in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, because SCCs can serve as promising platforms for the incorporation of multiple functional building blocks. Herein, we report a light-responsive liquid-crystalline metallacycle that is constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly. By exploiting its fascinating liquid crystal features, bright emission properties, and facile photocyclization capability, a unique system with spatially-controlled fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) is built through the introduction of a photochromic spiropyran derivative, which led to the realization of the first example of a liquid-crystalline metallacycle for orthogonal photopatterning in three-modes, namely holography, fluorescence, and photochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xingtian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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33
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Cougnon FBL, Stefankiewicz AR, Ulrich S. Dynamic covalent synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:879-895. [PMID: 38239698 PMCID: PMC10793650 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent synthesis aims to precisely control the assembly of simple building blocks linked by reversible covalent bonds to generate a single, structurally complex, product. In recent years, considerable progress in the programmability of dynamic covalent systems has enabled easy access to a broad range of assemblies, including macrocycles, shape-persistent cages, unconventional foldamers and mechanically-interlocked species (catenanes, knots, etc.). The reversibility of the covalent linkages can be either switched off to yield stable, isolable products or activated by specific physico-chemical stimuli, allowing the assemblies to adapt and respond to environmental changes in a controlled manner. This activatable dynamic property makes dynamic covalent assemblies particularly attractive for the design of complex matter, smart chemical systems, out-of-equilibrium systems, and molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Technology and Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
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34
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Benavides PA, Gordillo MA, Thibodeaux E, Yadav A, Johnson E, Sachdeva R, Saha S. Rare Guest-Induced Electrical Conductivity of Zn-Porphyrin Metallacage Inclusion Complexes Featuring π-Donor/Acceptor/Donor Stacks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1234-1242. [PMID: 38108279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) interactions between co-facially aligned π-donor/acceptor (π-D/A) arrays engender unique optical and electronic properties that could benefit (supra)molecular electronics and energy technologies. Herein, we demonstrate that a tetragonal prismatic metal-organic cage (MOC18+) having two parallel π-donor tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-Zn-porphyrin (ZnTCPP) faces selectively intercalate planar π-acceptor guests, such as hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HATHCN), hexacyanotriphenylene (HCTP), and napthanelediimide (NDI) derivatives, forming 1:1 πA@MOC18+ inclusion complexes featuring supramolecular π-D/A/D triads. The π-acidity of intercalated π-acceptors (HATHCN ≫ HCTP ≈ NDIs) dictated the nature and strength of their interactions with the ZnTCPP faces, which in turn influenced the binding affinities (Ka) and optical and electronic properties of corresponding πA@MOC18+ inclusion complexes. Owing to its strongest CT interaction with ZnTCPP faces, the most π-acidic HATHCN guest enjoyed the largest Ka (5 × 106 M-1), competitively displaced weaker π-acceptors from the MOC18+ cavity, and generated the highest electrical conductivity (2.1 × 10-6 S/m) among the πA@MOC18+ inclusion complexes. This work demonstrates a unique through-space charge transport capability of πA@MOC18+ inclusion complexes featuring supramolecular π-D/A/D triads, which generated tunable electrical conductivity, which is a rare but much coveted electronic property of such supramolecular assemblies that could further expand their utility in future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Benavides
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Monica A Gordillo
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Evan Thibodeaux
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Evan Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Rakesh Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 211 S. Palmetto Blvd., Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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35
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Yin H, Rosas R, Viel S, Giorgi M, Monnier V, Charles L, Siri D, Gigmes D, Nassar Y, Chevallier F, Bucher C, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Internal Dynamics and Modular Peripheral Binding in Stimuli-Responsive 3 : 2 Host:Guest Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315985. [PMID: 38009627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Now that the chemistry of 1 : 1 host:guest complexes is well-established, it is surprising to note that higher stoichiometry (oligomeric) complexes, especially those with excess host, remain largely unexplored. Yet, proteins tend to oligomerize, affording new functions for cell machinery. Here, we show that cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) macrocycles combined with symmetric, linear di-viologens form unusual 3 : 2 host:guest complexes exhibiting remarkable dynamic properties, host self-sorting, and external ring-translocation. These results highlight the structural tunability of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) based 3 : 2 host:guest complexes in water and their responsiveness toward several stimuli (chemicals, pH, redox).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
| | - Youssef Nassar
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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36
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Abe T, Sanada N, Takeuchi K, Okazawa A, Hiraoka S. Assembly of Six Types of Heteroleptic Pd 2L 4 Cages under Kinetic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28061-28074. [PMID: 38096127 PMCID: PMC10755705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Heteroleptic assemblies composed of several kinds of building blocks have been seen in nature. It is still unclear how natural systems design and create such complicated assemblies selectively. Past efforts on multicomponent self-assembly of artificial metal-organic cages have mainly focused on finding a suitable combination of building blocks to lead to a single multicomponent self-assembly as the thermodynamically most stable product. Here, we present another approach to selectively produce multicomponent Pd(II)-based self-assemblies under kinetic control based on the selective ligand exchanges of weak Pd-L coordination bonds retaining the original orientation of the metal centers in a kinetically stabilized cyclic structure and on local reversibility given in certain areas of the energy landscape in the presence of the assist molecule that facilitates error correction of coordination bonds. The kinetic approach enabled us to build all six types of Pd2L4 cages and heteroleptic tetranuclear cages composed of three kinds of ditopic ligands. Although the cage complexes thus obtained are metastable, they are stable for 1 month or more at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Abe
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naoki Sanada
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takeuchi
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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37
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Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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38
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Tarzia A, Wolpert EH, Jelfs KE, Pavan GM. Systematic exploration of accessible topologies of cage molecules via minimalistic models. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12506-12517. [PMID: 38020374 PMCID: PMC10646940 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cages are macrocyclic structures with an intrinsic internal cavity that support applications in separations, sensing and catalysis. These materials can be synthesised via self-assembly of organic or metal-organic building blocks. Their bottom-up synthesis and the diversity in building block chemistry allows for fine-tuning of their shape and properties towards a target property. However, it is not straightforward to predict the outcome of self-assembly, and, thus, the structures that are practically accessible during synthesis. Indeed, such a prediction becomes more difficult as problems related to the flexibility of the building blocks or increased combinatorics lead to a higher level of complexity and increased computational costs. Molecular models, and their coarse-graining into simplified representations, may be very useful to this end. Here, we develop a minimalistic toy model of cage-like molecules to explore the stable space of different cage topologies based on a few fundamental geometric building block parameters. Our results capture, despite the simplifications of the model, known geometrical design rules in synthetic cage molecules and uncover the role of building block coordination number and flexibility on the stability of cage topologies. This leads to a large-scale and systematic exploration of design principles, generating data that we expect could be analysed through expandable approaches towards the rational design of self-assembled porous architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Emma H Wolpert
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano Campus Est, Via la Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
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39
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Yang L, Song N, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhou Z. Accurate Matching of a Secondary Amino-Functionality Metal-Organic Cage for Selective Recognition and Supramolecular Binding during Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17705-17712. [PMID: 37844205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate matching of the active sites between the host and guest molecules has a great effect on the selective recognition of different but similar guest molecules or different binding abilities toward the same molecule. Herein, a pseudotetrahedral metal-organic cage (MOC, Co-TAP) that contains secondary amino groups designed as guest-interacting sites was achieved. Co-TAP exhibits the selective recognition of uridine over other similar natural molecules via a fluorescent response. However, a reference structure (Co-TOP) with the same configuration was also synthesized by replacing the secondary amine group with an oxygen atom of the ligand, and it reveals the selective recognition of guanosine. In addition, the accurate matching also enables Co-TAP to strongly bind the organic dye as a guest molecule via host-guest interactions, thus facilitating photoinduced electron transfer between the redox catalytic sites in MOC and the excited guest via a pseudointramolecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Nuan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Daopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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40
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Ruan J, Zheng SP, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiao Z, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Metallosupramolecular Cages Containing 12 Adaptable Pockets for High-Order Guest Binding Beyond Biomimicry. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23361-23371. [PMID: 37844297 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition lies at the heart of biological functions, which inspires lasting research in artificial host syntheses to mimic biomolecules that can recognize, process, and transport molecules with the highest level of complexity; nonetheless, the design principle and quantifying methodology of artificial hosts for multiple guests (≥4) remain a formidable task. Herein, we report two rhombic dodecahedral cages [(Zn/Fe)8Pd6-MOC-16], which embrace 12 adaptive pockets for multiguest binding with distinct conformational dynamics inherent in metal-center lability and are able to capture 4-24 guests to manifest a surprising complexity of binding scenarios. The exceptional high-order and hierarchical encapsulation phenomena suggest a wide host-guest dynamic-fit, enabling conformational adjustment and adaptation beyond the duality of induced-fit and conformational selection in protein interactions. A critical inspection of the host-guest binding events in solution has been performed by NMR and ESI-MS spectra, highlighting the importance of acquiring a reliable binding repertoire from different techniques and the uncertainty of quantifying the binding affinities of multiplying guests by an oversimplified method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shao-Ping Zheng
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Drożdż W, Ciesielski A, Stefankiewicz AR. Dynamic Cages-Towards Nanostructured Smart Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307552. [PMID: 37449543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The interest in capsular assemblies such as dynamic organic and coordination cages has blossomed over the last decade. Given their chemical and structural variability, these systems have found applications in diverse fields of research, including energy conversion and storage, catalysis, separation, molecular recognition, and live-cell imaging. In the exploration of the potential of these discrete architectures, they are increasingly being employed in the formation of more complex systems and smart materials. This Review highlights the most promising pathways to overcome common drawbacks of cage systems (stability, recovery) and discusses the most promising strategies for their hybridization with systems featuring various dimensionalities. Following the description of the most recent advances in the fabrication of zero to three-dimensional cage-based systems, this Review will provide the reader with the structure-dependent relationship between the employed cages and the properties of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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42
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Marcinkowski D, Kubicki M, Consiglio G, Hnatejko Z, Majcher-Fitas AM, Podgajny R, Patroniak V, Gorczyński A. Unexpected structural complexity of d-block metallosupramolecular architectures within the benzimidazole-phenoxo ligand scaffold for crystal engineering aspects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18055. [PMID: 37872235 PMCID: PMC10593740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Design of metallosupramolecular materials encompassing more than one kind of supramolecular interaction can become deceptive, but it is necessary to better understand the concept of the controlled formation of supramolecular systems. Herein, we show the structural diversity of the bis-compartmental phenoxo-benzimidazole ligand H3L1 upon self-assembly with variety of d-block metal ions, accounting for factors such as: counterions, pH, solvent and reaction conditions. Solid-state and solution studies show that the parent ligand can accommodate different forms, related to (de)protonation and proton-transfer, resulting in the formation of mono-, bi- or tetrametallic architectures, which was also confirmed with control studies on the new mono-compartmental phenoxo-benzimidazole H2L2 ligand analogue. For the chosen architectures, structural variables such as porous character, magnetic behaviour or luminescence studies were studied to demonstrate how the form of H3L1 ligand affects the final form of the supramolecular architecture and observed properties. Such complex structural variations within the benzimidazole-phenoxo-type ligand have been demonstrated for the first time and this proof-of-concept can be used to integrate these principles in more sophisticated architectures in the future, combining both the benzimidazole and phenoxide subunits. Ultimately, those principles could be utilized for targeted manipulation of properties through molecular tectonics and crystal engineering aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Marcinkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Zbigniew Hnatejko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna M Majcher-Fitas
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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43
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De La Torre P, An L, Chang CJ. Porosity as a Design Element for Developing Catalytic Molecular Materials for Electrochemical and Photochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302122. [PMID: 37144618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) using sustainable energy inputs is a promising strategy for upcycling of atmospheric carbon into value-added chemical products. This goal has inspired the development of catalysts for selective and efficient CO2 conversion using electrochemical and photochemical methods. Among the diverse array of catalyst systems designed for this purpose, 2D and 3D platforms that feature porosity offer the potential to combine carbon capture and conversion. Included are covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous molecular cages, and other hybrid molecular materials developed to increase active site exposure, stability, and water compatibility while maintaining precise molecular tunability. This mini-review showcases catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) that incorporate well-defined molecular elements integrated into porous materials structures. Selected examples provide insights into how different approaches to this overall design strategy can augment their electrocatalytic and/or photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia De La Torre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Lun An
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
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44
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Bai Q, Guan YM, Wu T, Liu Y, Zhai Z, Long Q, Jiang Z, Su P, Xie TZ, Wang P, Zhang Z. Anion-Regulated Hierarchical Self-Assembly and Chiral Induction of Metallo-Tetrahedra. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309027. [PMID: 37552154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The precise control over hierarchical self-assembly of superstructures relying on the elaboration of multiple noncovalent interactions between basic building blocks is both elusive and highly desirable. We herein report a terpyridine-based metallo-cage T with a tetrahedral motif and utilized it as an efficient building block for the controlled hierarchical self-assembly of superstructures in response to different halide ions. Initially, the hierarchical superstructure of metallo-cage T adopted a hexagonal close-packed structure. By adding Cl- /Br- or I- , drastically different hierarchical superstructures with highly-tight hexagonal packing or graphite-like packing arrangements, respectively, have been achieved. These unusual halide-ion-triggered hierarchical structural changes resulted in quite distinct intermolecular channels, which provided new insights into the mechanism of three-dimensional supramolecular aggregation and crystal growth based on macromolecular construction. In addition, the chiral induction of the metallo-cage T can be realized with the addition of chiral anions, which stereoselectively generated either PPPP- or MMMM-type enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tun Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zirui Zhai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingwu Long
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Peiyang Su
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Xie
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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45
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Mihara N, Machida A, Takeda Y, Shiga T, Ishii A, Nihei M. Formation and Growth of Atomic Scale Seeds of Au Nanoparticle in the Nanospace of an Organic Cage Molecule. Chemistry 2023:e202302604. [PMID: 37743250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed-mediated growth has been widely used to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. Although it is becoming possible to directly observe the nucleation process of metal atoms at the single atom level by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is challenging to control the formation and growth of seeds with only a few metal atoms in homogeneous solution systems. This work reports site-selective formation and growth of atomic scale seeds of the Au nanoparticle in a nanospace of an organic cage molecule. We synthesized a cage molecule with amines and phenols, which were found to both capture and reduce Au(III) ions to spontaneously form the atomic scale seeds containing Au(0) in the nanospace. The growth reaction of the atomic scale seeds afforded Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.0±0.2 nm, which is in good agreement with the inner diameter of the cage molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayaka Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiga
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nihei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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46
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Hu X, Tian W, Jiao Y, Kelley SP, Wang P, Dalgarno SJ, Atwood DA, Feng S, Atwood JL. Redox-Controlled Self-Assembly of Vanadium-Seamed Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]Arene Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20375-20380. [PMID: 37672654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the controlled self-assembly of vanadium-seamed metal-organic nanocapsules with specific metal oxidation state distributions. Three supramolecular assemblies composed of the same numbers of components including 24 metal centers and six pyrogallol[4]arene ligands were constructed: a VIII24L6 capsule, a mixed-valence VIII18VIV6L6 capsule, and a VIV24L6 capsule. Crystallographic studies of the new capsules reveal their remarkable structural complexity and geometries, while marked differences in metal oxidation state distribution greatly affect the photoelectric conversion properties of these assemblies. This work therefore represents a significant step forward in the construction of intricate metal-organic architectures with tailored structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Wenjuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott J Dalgarno
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sisi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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47
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Pearcy AC, Lisboa LS, Preston D, Page NB, Lawrence T, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Exploiting reduced-symmetry ligands with pyridyl and imidazole donors to construct a second-generation stimuli-responsive heterobimetallic [PdPtL 4] 4+ cage. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8615-8623. [PMID: 37592996 PMCID: PMC10430685 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sequential metalation strategy that enables the assembly of a new more robust reduced symmetry heterobimetallic [PdPtL4]4+ cage C is reported. By exploiting a low-symmetry ditopic ligand (L) that features imidazole and pyridine donor units we were able to selectively form a [Pt(L)4]2+ "open-cage" complex. When this was treated with Pd(ii) ions the cage C assembled. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the quantitative formation of the cage and the heterobimetallic structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The cage C was shown to bind anionic guest molecules. NMR studies suggested that these guests interacted with the cavity of the cage in a specific orientation and this was confirmed for the mesylate ion (MsO-) : C host-guest adduct using X-ray crystallography. In addition, the system was shown to be stimulus-responsive and could be opened and closed on demand when treated with appropriate stimuli. If a guest molecule was bound within the cage, the opening and closing was accompanied by the release and re-uptake of the guest molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aston C Pearcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Lynn S Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Nick B Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Tristan Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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48
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Liu HK, Ronson TK, Wu K, Luo D, Nitschke JR. Anionic Templates Drive Conversion between a Zn II9L 6 Tricapped Trigonal Prism and Zn II6L 4 Pseudo-Octahedra. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37440669 PMCID: PMC10375523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces the use of 8-aminoquinoline subcomponents to generate complex three-dimensional structures. Together with a tris(formylpyridine), 8-aminoquinoline condensed around ZnII templates to produce a tris(tridentate) ligand. This ligand is incorporated into either a tricapped trigonal prismatic ZnII9L6 structure or a pair of pseudo-octahedral ZnII6L4 diastereomers, with S4 and D2 symmetries. Introduction of a methyl group onto the aminoquinoline modulated the coordination sphere of ZnII, which favored the ZnII9L6 structure and disfavored the ZnII6L4 assembly. The tricapped trigonal prismatic ZnII9L6 architecture converted into a single ZnII6L4 cage diastereomer following the addition of a dianionic 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate guest. Four of these guests clustered tightly at the four windows of the ZnII6L4 cage, held in place through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, stabilize a single diastereomeric configuration with S4 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Kui Liu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dong Luo
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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49
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Yin F, Liu Z, Yang J, Zhou LP, Tian CB, Sun QF. Self-Assembly of Triple-Stranded Lanthanide Molecular Quasi-Lantern Containing 2,2'-Bipyridine Receptor: Luminescence Sensing and Magnetic Property. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24477-24484. [PMID: 37457487 PMCID: PMC10339439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ln2L3-type supramolecular architectures have received significant attention recently due to their unique magnetism and optical properties. Herein, we report the triple-stranded Ln2L3-type lanthanide molecular quasi-lanterns, which are fabricated by the deprotonation self-assembly of a linear ligand featuring a β-diketone chelating claw and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) moiety with lanthanide ions (Ln = Eu3+ and Dy3+). The crystal structure analysis indicates that Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions are all coordinated by eight oxygen donors but in different coordination geometries. The eight oxygen donors in Eu2L3 and Dy2L3 are arranged in a square antiprism and triangular dodecahedron geometry, respectively. Taking into account the fact that the bpy moiety has a strong coordination affinity for transition metal ions, luminescence sensing toward Cu2+ ions has been demonstrated with Eu2L3, bearing a detection of limit as low as 2.84 ppb. The luminescence sensing behavior of Eu2L3 is ascribed to the formation host-guest complex between Eu2L3 and Cu2+ ions with a 1:2 binding ratio. Dynamic AC susceptibility measurements for Dy2L3 reveal the relaxation of magnetization in it. This work provides a potential way for design and fabrication of lanthanide-based molecular materials with functions endowed by the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chong-Bin Tian
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian
College, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
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50
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García-Romero Á, Miguel D, Wright DS, Álvarez CM, García-Rodríguez R. Structural and dimensional control of porphyrin capsules using Group 15 tris(3-pyridyl) linkers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6522-6530. [PMID: 37350820 PMCID: PMC10283503 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While supramolecular chemistry involving organic and metallo-organic host assemblies is a well-established and important field with applications in gas-storage, drug-delivery and the regio- and stereo-control of organic reactions, the use of main group elements in this setting (beyond the second row of the p-block) has been little explored. In this paper we show how periodic trends in the p-block can provide the means for systematic size and structural control in an important class of supramolecular porphyrin-based capsules. The formation of molecular and extended 2D capsule arrangements between the heavier Group 15 tris(3-pyridyl) linkers Sb(3-py)3 and Bi(3-py)3 and the metallo-porphyrins MTPP (M = Zn, Mg; TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin, 3-py = 3-pyridyl) is the first study involving heavier Group 15 pyridyl linkers. The increase in C-E bond length in the E(3-py)3 linkers moving down Group 15 (from E = P, to Sb, to Bi) can be used to alter the dimensions and structural preference of the capsules, as can oxidation of the Group 15 bridgehead atoms themselves. The subtle changes in the dimensions and Lewis acidity of the encapsulates have a dramatic effect on the rate and selectivity of the catalytic oxidative cleavage of organic diols and catalytic oxidation of α-hydroxyketones. By providing simple tools for modulating the chemical and steric properties of the capsules this work should have direct applications for the tuning of the activity and specificity of a range of catalytic systems based on main-group-based capsules of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Romero
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Dominic S Wright
- Chemistry Department, Cambridge University Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid Spain
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