1
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Vismarra F, Fernández-Villoria F, Mocci D, González-Vázquez J, Wu Y, Colaizzi L, Holzmeier F, Delgado J, Santos J, Bañares L, Carlini L, Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Richter R, Avaldi L, Palacios A, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Borrego-Varillas R, Martín N, Martín F, Nisoli M. Few-femtosecond electron transfer dynamics in photoionized donor-π-acceptor molecules. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01620-y. [PMID: 39322782 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The exposure of molecules to attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses offers a unique opportunity to study the early stages of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in which the role played by the different degrees of freedom is beyond standard chemical intuition. We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the first steps of charge-transfer processes initiated by prompt ionization in prototype donor-π-acceptor molecules, namely nitroanilines. Time-resolved measurement of this process is performed by combining attosecond XUV-pump/few-femtosecond infrared-probe spectroscopy with advanced many-body quantum chemistry calculations. We show that a concerted nuclear and electronic motion drives electron transfer from the donor group on a sub-10-fs timescale. This is followed by a sub-30-fs relaxation process due to the probing of the continuously spreading nuclear wave packet in the excited electronic states of the molecular cation. These findings shed light on the role played by electron-nuclear coupling in donor-π-acceptor systems in response to photoionization.
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Grants
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 951224 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 20173B72NB Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA182 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
- CA1822 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vismarra
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Fernández-Villoria
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Mocci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yingxuan Wu
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jorge Delgado
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Santos
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carlini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bolognesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Nazario Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Lang H, Sato T. Time-dependent orbital-optimized coupled-cluster methods families for fermion-mixtures dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:114114. [PMID: 39291685 DOI: 10.1063/5.0227236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Five time-dependent orbital optimized coupled-cluster methods, of which four can converge to the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent-field method, are presented for fermion-mixtures with arbitrary fermion kinds and numbers. Truncation schemes maintaining the intragroup orbital rotation invariance, as well as equations of motion of coupled-cluster (CC) amplitudes and orbitals, are derived. Present methods are compact CC-parameterization alternatives to the time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field method for systems consisting of arbitrarily different kinds and numbers of interacting fermions. Theoretical analysis of applications of present methods to various chemical systems is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Tang Z, Jarupula R, Yong H. Pushing the limits of ultrafast diffraction: Imaging quantum coherences in isolated molecules. iScience 2024; 27:110705. [PMID: 39262780 PMCID: PMC11388184 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum coherence governs the outcome and efficiency of photochemical reactions and ultrafast molecular dynamics. Recent ultrafast gas-phase X-ray scattering and electron diffraction have enabled the observation of femtosecond nuclear dynamics driven by vibrational coherence. However, probing attosecond electron dynamics and coupled electron-nuclear dynamics remains challenging. This article discusses advances in ultrafast X-ray scattering and electron diffraction, highlighting their potential to resolve attosecond charge migration and vibronic coupling at conical intersections. Novel techniques, such as X-ray scattering with orbital angular momentum beams and combined X-ray and electron diffraction, promise to selectively probe coherence contributions and visualize charge migration in real-space. These emerging methods could further our understanding of coherence effects in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ramesh Jarupula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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4
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Durden AS, Schlegel HB. Reducing the Cost of TD-CI Simulations of Strong Field Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7440-7450. [PMID: 39177145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Strong field ionization of molecules by intense laser pulses can be simulated by time-dependent configuration interaction (TD-CI) with a complex absorbing potential (CAP). Standard molecular basis sets need to be augmented with several sets of diffuse functions for effective interaction with the CAP. This dramatically increases the number of configurations and the cost of the TD-CI simulations as the size of the molecules increases. The cost can be reduced by making use of spin symmetry and by employing an orbital energy cutoff to limit the number of virtual orbitals used to construct the excited configurations. Greater reductions in the number of virtual orbitals can be obtained by examining their interaction with the absorbing potential during simulations and their contributions to the strong field ionization rate. This can be determined from the matrix elements of the absorbing potential and the TD-CI coefficients from test simulations. Compared to a simple 3 hartree cutoff in the orbital energies, these approaches reduce the number of virtual orbitals by 20-35% for neutral molecules and 5-10% for cations. As a result, the cost of simulations is reduced by 35-60% for neutral molecules. The number of virtual orbitals needed can also be estimated by second-order perturbation theory without the need for test simulations. The number of virtual orbitals can be reduced further by adapting orbitals to the laser field using natural orbitals derived from test simulations. This is particularly effective for cations, yielding reductions of more than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Durden
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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5
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Sun S, Yong H, Chernyak VY, Mukamel S. Self-Heterodyne Diffractive Imaging of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics Monitored by Single-Electron Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:093001. [PMID: 39270182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The direct imaging of time-evolving molecular charge densities on atomistic scale and at femtosecond resolution has long been an elusive task. In this theoretical study, we propose a self-heterodyne electron diffraction technique based on single electron pulses. The electron is split into two beams, one passes through the sample and its interference with the second beam produces a heterodyne diffraction signal that images the charge density. Application to probing the ultrafast electronic dynamics in Mg-phthalocyanine demonstrates its potential for imaging chemical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, 656 West Kirby, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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6
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Schrader SE, Kristiansen HE, Pedersen TB, Kvaal S. Time evolution as an optimization problem: The hydrogen atom in strong laser fields in a basis of time-dependent Gaussian wave packets. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044105. [PMID: 39037132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in attosecond science have made it increasingly important to develop stable, reliable, and accurate algorithms and methods to model the time evolution of atoms and molecules in intense laser fields. A key process in attosecond science is high-harmonic generation, which is challenging to model with fixed Gaussian basis sets, as it produces high-energy electrons, with a resulting rapidly varying and highly oscillatory wave function that extends over dozens of ångström. Recently, Rothe's method, where time evolution is rephrased as an optimization problem, has been applied to the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Here, we apply Rothe's method to the hydrogen wave function and demonstrate that thawed, complex-valued Gaussian wave packets with time-dependent width, center, and momentum parameters are able to reproduce spectra obtained from essentially exact grid calculations for high-harmonic generation with only 50-181 Gaussians for field strengths up to 5 × 1014 W/cm2. This paves the way for the inclusion of continuum contributions into real-time, time-dependent electronic-structure theory with Gaussian basis sets for strong fields and eventually accurate simulations of the time evolution of molecules without the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Elias Schrader
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Ghosh S, Pandey G, Tiwari AK. Efficient Control of Electron Localization and Probability Modulation with Synthesized Two-Color Intense Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39058686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A coupled electron-nuclear dynamical study at attosecond time scale is performed on the HD+ and H2+ molecular ions under the influence of synthesized intense two-color electric fields. We have employed ω - 2ω and also, ω - 3ω two-color fields in the infrared/mid-infrared regime to study the different fragmentation processes originating from the interference of n - (n + i) (i = 1, 2) photon absorption pathways. The branching ratios corresponding to different photofragments are controlled by tuning the relative phase as well as intensity of the two-color pulses, while the effect of the initial nuclear wave function is also studied by taking an individual vibrational eigenstate or a coherent superposition of several eigenstates of HD+ and H2+. By comprehensive analysis, the efficacy of the two different types of synthesized two-color pulses (ω - 2ω and ω - 3ω) are analyzed with respect to one-color intense pulses in terms of controlling the probability modulation and electron localization asymmetry and compared with previous theoretical calculations and experimental findings. Through the detailed investigation, we have addressed which one is the major controlling knob to have better electron localization as well as probability modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
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8
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Rodríguez-Cuenca E, Picón A, Oberli S, Kuleff AI, Vendrell O. Core-Hole Coherent Spectroscopy in Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:263202. [PMID: 38996324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.263202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We study the ultrafast dynamics initiated by a coherent superposition of core-excited states of nitrous oxide molecule. Using high-level ab initio methods, we show that the decoherence caused by the electronic decay and the nuclear dynamics is substantially slower than the induced ultrafast quantum beatings, allowing the system to undergo several oscillations before it dephases. We propose a proof-of-concept experiment using the harmonic up-conversion scheme available at x-ray free-electron laser facilities to trace the evolution of the created core-excited-state coherence through a time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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9
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Xu Y, Han L, Jiang W, Zuo Z, Pan S, Fleischer A, Ueda K, Wu J. Attosecond ionic photoionization spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3412-3415. [PMID: 38875633 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Photoionization is one of the most fundamental processes in light-matter interaction. Advanced attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy provides the possibility to characterize the ultrafast photoemission process in an extremely short attosecond time scale. Following scattering symmetry rules, residual ions encode ultrafast photoionization prints at the instant of electron removal forming an alternative electron emission chronoscope. Here, we experimentally illustrate the attosecond ion reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition (RABBIT)-like interferometry through the development of high-resolution ion momentum detection in atomic photoionization processes. Our ion interferometry presents identical momentum- and time-dependent scattering phase shift, as we observed in photoelectron spectroscopy, and thus demonstrates that ion interferometry can be a possible alternative attosecond approach to resolve the photoionization process, without the electron homogeneity limitation.
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10
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Wanie V, Bloch E, Månsson EP, Colaizzi L, Ryabchuk S, Saraswathula K, Ordonez AF, Ayuso D, Smirnova O, Trabattoni A, Blanchet V, Ben Amor N, Heitz MC, Mairesse Y, Pons B, Calegari F. Capturing electron-driven chiral dynamics in UV-excited molecules. Nature 2024; 630:109-115. [PMID: 38778116 PMCID: PMC11153151 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chiral molecules, used in applications such as enantioselective photocatalysis1, circularly polarized light detection2 and emission3 and molecular switches4,5, exist in two geometrical configurations that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These so-called (R) and (S) enantiomers exhibit different physical and chemical properties when interacting with other chiral entities. Attosecond technology might enable influence over such interactions, given that it can probe and even direct electron motion within molecules on the intrinsic electronic timescale6 and thereby control reactivity7-9. Electron currents in photoexcited chiral molecules have indeed been predicted to enable enantiosensitive molecular orientation10, but electron-driven chiral dynamics in neutral molecules have not yet been demonstrated owing to the lack of ultrashort, non-ionizing and perturbative light pulses. Here we use time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (TR-PECD)11-15 with an unprecedented temporal resolution of 2.9 fs to map the coherent electronic motion initiated by ultraviolet (UV) excitation of neutral chiral molecules. We find that electronic beatings between Rydberg states lead to periodic modulations of the chiroptical response on the few-femtosecond timescale, showing a sign inversion in less than 10 fs. Calculations validate this and also confirm that the combination of the photoinduced chiral current with a circularly polarized probe pulse realizes an enantioselective filter of molecular orientations following photoionization. We anticipate that our approach will enable further investigations of ultrafast electron dynamics in chiral systems and reveal a route towards enantiosensitive charge-directed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wanie
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Etienne Bloch
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, Talence, France
| | - Erik P Månsson
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Colaizzi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergey Ryabchuk
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Krishna Saraswathula
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres F Ordonez
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Ayuso
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Max-Born-Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valérie Blanchet
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, Talence, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- CNRS, UPS, LCPQ (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques), FeRMI, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Heitz
- CNRS, UPS, LCPQ (Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques), FeRMI, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Mairesse
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, Talence, France
| | - Bernard Pons
- Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, Talence, France.
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Woźniak AP, Adamowicz L, Pedersen TB, Kvaal S. Gaussians for Electronic and Rovibrational Quantum Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3659-3671. [PMID: 38687971 PMCID: PMC11089519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The assumptions underpinning the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation are broken for molecules interacting with attosecond laser pulses, which generate complicated coupled electronic-nuclear wave packets that generally will have components of electronic and dissociation continua as well as bound-state contributions. The conceptually most straightforward way to overcome this challenge is to treat the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom on equal quantum-mechanical footing by not invoking the BO approximation at all. Explicitly correlated Gaussian (ECG) basis functions have proved successful for non-BO calculations of stationary molecular states and energies, reproducing rovibrational absorption spectra with very high accuracy. In this Article, we present a proof-of-principle study of the ability of fully flexible ECGs (FFECGs) to capture the intricate electronic and rovibrational dynamics generated by short, high-intensity laser pulses. By fitting linear combinations of FFECGs to accurate wave function histories obtained on a large real-space grid for a regularized 2D model of the hydrogen atom and for the 2D Morse potential, we demonstrate that FFECGs provide a very compact description of laser-driven electronic and rovibrational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwik Adamowicz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Cardosa-Gutierrez M, Levine RD, Remacle F. Electronic Coherences Excited by an Ultra Short Pulse Are Robust with Respect to Averaging over Randomly Oriented Molecules as Shown by Singular Value Decomposition. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2937-2947. [PMID: 38568803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We report a methodology for averaging quantum photoexcitation vibronic dynamics over the initial orientations of the molecules with respect to an ultrashort light pulse. We use singular value decomposition of the ensemble density matrix of the excited molecules, which allows the identification of the few dominant principal molecular orientations with respect to the polarization direction of the electric field. The principal orientations provide insights into the specific stereodynamics of the corresponding principal molecular vibronic states. The massive compaction of the vibronic density matrix of the ensemble of randomly oriented pumped molecules enables a most efficient fully quantum mechanical time propagation scheme. Two examples are discussed for the quantum dynamics of the LiH molecule in the manifolds of its electronically excited Σ and Π states. Our results show that electronic and vibrational coherences between excited states of the same symmetry are resilient to averaging over an ensemble of molecular orientations and can be selectively excited at the ensemble level by tuning the pulse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphael D Levine
- Fritz Haber Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Francoise Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University of Liege, Liege B-4000, Belgium
- Fritz Haber Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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13
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Galán MF, Serrano J, Jarque EC, Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Reduzzi M, Nisoli M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Hernández-García C, San Roman J. Robust Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation with Self-Compressed Subcycle Drivers from Hollow Capillary Fibers. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1673-1683. [PMID: 38645995 PMCID: PMC11027177 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) arising from the nonperturbative interaction of intense light fields with matter constitutes a well-established tabletop source of coherent extreme-ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation, which is typically emitted as attosecond pulse trains. However, ultrafast applications increasingly demand isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), which offer great promise for advancing precision control of electron dynamics. Yet, the direct generation of IAPs typically requires the synthesis of near-single-cycle intense driving fields, which is technologically challenging. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a novel scheme for the straightforward and compact generation of IAPs from multicycle infrared drivers using hollow capillary fibers (HCFs). Starting from a standard, intense multicycle infrared pulse, a light transient is generated by extreme soliton self-compression in a HCF with decreasing pressure and is subsequently used to drive HHG in a gas target. Owing to the subcycle confinement of the HHG process, high-contrast IAPs are continuously emitted almost independently of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the optimally self-compressed drivers. This results in a CEP-robust scheme which is also stable under macroscopic propagation of the high harmonics in a gas target. Our results open the way to a new generation of integrated all-fiber IAP sources, overcoming the efficiency limitations of usual gating techniques for multicycle drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fernández Galán
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Javier Serrano
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Enrique Conejero Jarque
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Reduzzi
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Christian Brahms
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - John C. Travers
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Julio San Roman
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructuradas (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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14
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Mukherjee D, Harbola U, Mukamel S. Ionization Pathway Interference in Photoionization Time Delays in Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3866-3870. [PMID: 38557109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The photoionization time-delay in linear conjugated molecules is computed using the Wigner scattering approach. We find that, in general, there are two additive contributions to the ionization time-delays. One originates from interferences between various ionization pathways that belong to different cationic eigenstates, while the other is due to time delays associated with each pathway and originates due to electron-electron correlations in the molecule. The former contribution scales up rapidly with the conjugation length, leading to larger time delays, as observed in recent experiments, while the latter is much less sensitive to the molecular conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upendra Harbola
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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15
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Suchan J, Liang F, Durden AS, Levine BG. Prediction challenge: First principles simulation of the ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum of cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134310. [PMID: 38573851 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer simulation has long been an essential partner of ultrafast experiments, allowing the assignment of microscopic mechanistic detail to low-dimensional spectroscopic data. However, the ability of theory to make a priori predictions of ultrafast experimental results is relatively untested. Herein, as a part of a community challenge, we attempt to predict the signal of an upcoming ultrafast photochemical experiment using state-of-the-art theory in the context of preexisting experimental data. Specifically, we employ ab initio Ehrenfest with collapse to a block mixed quantum-classical simulations to describe the real-time evolution of the electrons and nuclei of cyclobutanone following excitation to the 3s Rydberg state. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) signal is simulated for direct comparison to an upcoming experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Following initial ring-opening, dissociation via two distinct channels is observed: the C3 dissociation channel, producing cyclopropane and CO, and the C2 channel, producing CH2CO and C2H4. Direct calculations of the GUED signal indicate how the ring-opened intermediate, the C2 products, and the C3 products can be discriminated in the GUED signal. We also report an a priori analysis of anticipated errors in our predictions: without knowledge of the experimental result, which features of the spectrum do we feel confident we have predicted correctly, and which might we have wrong?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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16
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Guo Z, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Wang J, Ye D, Liu J, Liu Y. Probing H_{2} Double Ionization with Bicircular Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:143201. [PMID: 38640361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a kinematically complete study on strong-field double ionization of H_{2} molecules in two-color bicircular laser fields. The releasing times of electrons and protons are recorded with the double-hand attoclock. We observe the relative emission angles of two electrons oscillate with the kinetic energy release of protons, indicating the internal concerted four-body fragmentation. Using a three-dimensional molecular semiclassical ensemble model, we have disentangled the attosecond correlated electron emission in H_{2} double ionization. This work reveals the strong electron-nuclear coupling in the molecular bond breaking and may open up a new approach to experimentally accessing the intramolecular electron and bond dynamics with bicircular fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongkai Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Difa Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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17
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Tran T, Ferté A, Vacher M. Simulating Attochemistry: Which Dynamics Method to Use? J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3646-3652. [PMID: 38530933 PMCID: PMC11000647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Attochemistry aims to exploit the properties of coherent electronic wavepackets excited via attosecond pulses to control the formation of photoproducts. Such molecular processes can, in principle, be simulated with various nonadiabatic dynamics methods, yet the impact of the approximations underlying the methods is rarely assessed. The performances of widely used mixed quantum-classical approaches, Tully surface hopping, and classical Ehrenfest methods are evaluated against the high-accuracy DD-vMCG quantum dynamics. This comparison is conducted for the valence ionization of fluorobenzene. Analyzing the nuclear motion induced in the branching space of the nearby conical intersection, the results show that the mixed quantum-classical methods reproduce quantitatively the average motion of a quantum wavepacket when initiated on a single electronic state. However, they fail to properly capture the nuclear motion induced by an electronic wavepacket along the derivative coupling, the latter originating from the quantum electronic coherence property, key to attochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Tran
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Ferté
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM
UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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18
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Morassut C, Ravindran A, Ciavardini A, Luppi E, De Ninno G, Coccia E. High-Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy of Gas-Phase Bromoform. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2015-2024. [PMID: 38469750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High-Harmonic Generation (HHG) spectra of randomly aligned bromoform (CHBr3) molecules have been experimentally measured and theoretically simulated at various laser pulse intensities. From the experiments, we obtained a significant number of harmonics that goes beyond the cutoff limit predicted by the three-step model (3SM) with ionization from HOMO. To interpret the experiment, we resorted to real-time time-dependent configuration interaction with single excitations. We found that electronic bound states provide an appreciable contribution to the harmonics. More in detail, we analyzed the electron dynamics by decomposing the HHG signal in terms of single molecular-orbital contributions, to explain the appearance of harmonics around 20-30 eV beyond the expected cutoff due to HOMO. HHG spectra can be therefore explained by considering the contribution at high energy of HOMO-6 and HOMO-9, thus indicating a complex multiple-orbital strong-field dynamics. However, even though the presence of the bromoform cation should be not enough to produce such a signal, we could not exclude a priori that the origin of harmonics in the H29-H45 to be due to the cation, which has more energetic ionization channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Morassut
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Si-5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenija
| | - Alessandra Ciavardini
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Si-5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenija
| | - Eleonora Luppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Si-5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenija
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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19
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Fransén L, Tran T, Nandi S, Vacher M. Dissociation and Isomerization Following Ionization of Ethylene: Insights from Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1457-1465. [PMID: 38358308 PMCID: PMC10911106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Photoionized and electronically excited ethylene C2H4+ can undergo H-loss, H2-loss, and ethylene-ethylidene isomerization, where the latter entails a hydrogen migration. Recent pioneering experiments with few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses and complementary theoretical studies have shed light on the photodynamics of this prototypical organic cation. However, no theoretical investigation based on dynamics simulations reported to date has described the mechanisms and time scales of dissociation and isomerization. Herein, we simulate the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics of ethylene following vertical ionization and electronic excitation to its four lowest-lying cationic states. The electronic structure is treated at the CASSCF level, with an active space large enough to describe bond breaking and formation. The simulations indicate that dissociation and isomerization take place mainly on the cationic ground state and allow the probing of previous hypotheses concerning the correlation between the photochemical outcome and the traversed conical intersections. The results, moreover, support the long-standing view that H2-loss may occur from the ethylidene form. However, the ethylene-ethylidene isomerization time predicted by the simulations is considerably longer than those previously inferred from indirect experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fransén
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Tran
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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20
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Li Y, He F, Sato T, Ishikawa KL. Implementation of the Time-Dependent Complete-Active-Space Self-Consistent-Field Method for Diatomic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1523-1532. [PMID: 38373288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a computational approach that implements the time-dependent complete-active-space self-consistent-field method, as introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 88, 023402 (2013)]. Our implementation addresses the challenge of diatomic molecules subjected to an intense laser pulse by considering the full dimensionality of the problem using prolate spheroidal coordinates. The method incorporates the gauge-invariant frozen-core approximation, boosts the evaluation of the electron-electron interaction term using finite-element discrete-variable representation with Neumann expansion, and utilizes an exponential time differencing scheme tailored for the stable propagation of the stiff nonlinear orbital functions. We have successfully applied this methodology to study high-harmonic generation in diatomic molecules such as H2, LiH, and N2, shedding light on the impact of electron correlations in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Photon Science Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi L Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Photon Science Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Kuraoka T, Goto S, Kanno M, Díaz-Tendero S, Reino-González J, Trinter F, Pier A, Sommerlad L, Melzer N, McGinnis OD, Kruse J, Wenzel T, Jahnke T, Xue H, Kishimoto N, Yoshikawa K, Tamura Y, Ota F, Hatada K, Ueda K, Martín F. Tracing Photoinduced Hydrogen Migration in Alcohol Dications from Time-Resolved Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1241-1249. [PMID: 38324399 PMCID: PMC10895665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The recent implementation of attosecond and few-femtosecond X-ray pump/X-ray probe schemes in large-scale free-electron laser facilities has opened the way to visualize fast nuclear dynamics in molecules with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we present the results of theoretical calculations showing how polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (PA-MFPADs) can be used to visualize the dynamics of hydrogen migration in methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropyl alcohol dications generated by X-ray irradiation of the corresponding neutral species. We show that changes in the PA-MFPADs with the pump-probe delay as a result of intramolecular photoelectron diffraction carry information on the dynamics of hydrogen migration in real space. Although visualization of this dynamics is more straightforward in the smaller systems, methanol and ethanol, one can still recognize the signature of that motion in propanol and isopropyl alcohol and assign a tentative path to it. A possible pathway for a corresponding experiment requires an angularly resolved detection of photoelectrons in coincidence with molecular fragment ions used to define a molecular frame of reference. Such studies have become, in principle, possible since the first XFELs with sufficiently high repetition rates have emerged. To further support our findings, we provide experimental evidence of H migration in ethanol-OD from ion-ion coincidence measurements performed with synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kuraoka
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S. Goto
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - M. Kanno
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S. Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - J. Reino-González
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F. Trinter
- Molecular
Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - A. Pier
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - L. Sommerlad
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - N. Melzer
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - O. D. McGinnis
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - J. Kruse
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - T. Wenzel
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 1, Frankfurt am
Main 60438, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel
4, Schenefeld 22869, Germany
| | - H. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N. Kishimoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K. Yoshikawa
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y. Tamura
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - F. Ota
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K. Hatada
- Department
of Physics, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K. Ueda
- Department
of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - F. Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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22
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Biró L, Csehi A. Attosecond Probing of Nuclear Vibrations in the D 2+ and HeH + Molecular Ions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:858-867. [PMID: 38277484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We study the ultrafast photodissociation of small diatomic molecules using attosecond laser pulses of moderate intensity in the (extreme) ultraviolet regime. The simultaneous application of subfemtosecond laser pulses with different photon energies─resonant in the region of the molecular motion─allows one to monitor the vibrational dynamics of simple diatomics, like the D2+ and HeH+ molecular ions. In our real-time wave packet simulations, the nuclear dynamics is initiated either by sudden ionization (D2+) or by explicit pump pulses (HeH+) via distortion of the potential energy of the molecule. The application of time-delayed attosecond pulses leads to the breakup of the molecules, and the information on the underlying bound-state dynamics is imprinted in the kinetic energy release (KER) spectra of the outgoing fragments. We show that the KER-delay spectrograms generated in our ultrafast pump-probe schemes are able to reconstruct the most important features of the molecular motion within a given electronic state, such as the time period or amplitude of oscillations, interference patterns, or the revival and splitting of the nuclear wave packet. The impact of probe pulse duration, which is key to the applicability of the presented mapping scheme, is investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Biró
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Hungary
| | - András Csehi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Hungary
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23
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Villaseco Arribas E, Maitra NT, Agostini F. Nonadiabatic dynamics with classical trajectories: The problem of an initial coherent superposition of electronic states. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054102. [PMID: 38310471 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in coherent light sources and development of pump-probe techniques in recent decades have opened the way to study electronic motion in its natural time scale. When an ultrashort laser pulse interacts with a molecular target, a coherent superposition of electronic states is created and the triggered electron dynamics is coupled to the nuclear motion. A natural and computationally efficient choice to simulate this correlated dynamics is a trajectory-based method where the quantum-mechanical electronic evolution is coupled to a classical-like nuclear dynamics. These methods must approximate the initial correlated electron-nuclear state by associating an initial electronic wavefunction to each classical trajectory in the ensemble. Different possibilities exist that reproduce the initial populations of the exact molecular wavefunction when represented in a basis. We show that different choices yield different dynamics and explore the effect of this choice in Ehrenfest, surface hopping, and exact-factorization-based coupled-trajectory schemes in a one-dimensional two-electronic-state model system that can be solved numerically exactly. This work aims to clarify the problems that standard trajectory-based techniques might have when a coherent superposition of electronic states is created to initialize the dynamics, to discuss what properties and observables are affected by different choices of electronic initial conditions and to point out the importance of quantum-momentum-induced electronic transitions in coupled-trajectory schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaristo Villaseco Arribas
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Federica Agostini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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24
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Gelfand N, Komarova K, Remacle F, Levine RD. Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics explores non-monotonic photodissociation branching of N 2 into the N( 4S) + N( 2D) and N( 4S) + N( 2P) product channels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3274-3284. [PMID: 38197167 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of N2 molecules is a source of reactive N atoms in the interstellar medium. In the energy range of VUV optical excitation of N2, the N-N triple bond cleavage leads to three types of atoms: ground-state N(4S) and excited-state N(2P) and N(2D). The latter is the highest reactive and it is believed to be the primary participant in reactions with hydrocarbons in Titan's atmosphere. Experimental studies have observed a non-monotonic energy dependence and non-statistical character of the photodissociation of N2. This implies different dissociation pathways and final atomic products for different wavelength regions in the sunlight spectrum. We here apply ab initio quantum chemical and nonadiabatic quantum dynamical techniques to follow the path of an electronic state from the excitation of a particular singlet 1Σ+u and 1Πu vibronic level of N2 to its dissociation into different atomic products. We simulate dynamics for two isotopomers of the nitrogen molecule, 14N2 and 14N15N for which experimental data on the branching are available. Our computations capture the non-monotonic energy dependence of the photodissociation branching ratios in the energy range 108 000-116 000 cm-1. Tracing the quantum dynamics in a bunch of electronic states enables us to identify the key components that determine the efficacy of singlet to triplet population transfer and therefore predissociation lifetimes and branching ratios for different energy regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gelfand
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Ksenia Komarova
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Francoise Remacle
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MolSys B6c, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R D Levine
- The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Hamer KA, Folorunso AS, Lopata K, Schafer KJ, Gaarde MB, Mauger F. Tracking Charge Migration with Frequency-Matched Strobo-Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:20-27. [PMID: 38165105 PMCID: PMC10788909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We present frequency-matched strobo-spectroscopy (FMSS) of charge migration (CM) in bromobutadiyne, simulated with time-dependent density functional theory. CM + FMSS is a pump-probe scheme that uses a frequency-matched high harmonic generation (HHG)-driving laser as an independent probe step, following the creation of a localized hole on the bromine atom that induces CM dynamics. We show that the delay-dependent harmonic yield tracks the phase of the CM dynamics through its sensitivity to the amount of electron density on the bromine end of the molecule. FMSS takes advantage of the intrinsic attosecond time resolution of the HHG process in which different harmonics are emitted at different times and thus probe different locations of the electron hole. Finally, we show that the CM-induced modulation of the HHG signal is dominated by the recombination step of the HHG process, with a negligible contribution from the ionization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Hamer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Aderonke S. Folorunso
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Center
for Computation and Technology, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Schafer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mette B. Gaarde
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - François Mauger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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26
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Pranjal P, González-Vázquez J, Bello RY, Martín F. Resonant Photoionization of CO 2 up to the Fourth Ionization Threshold. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:182-190. [PMID: 38118433 PMCID: PMC10788902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive theoretical study of valence-shell photoionization of the CO2 molecule by using the XCHEM methodology. This method makes use of a fully correlated molecular electronic continuum at a level comparable to that provided by state-of-the-art quantum chemistry packages in bound-state calculations. The calculated total and angularly resolved photoionization cross sections are presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on the series of autoionizing resonances that appear between the first and the fourth ionization thresholds. Ten series of Rydberg autoionizing states are identified, including some not previously reported in the literature, and their energy positions and widths are provided. This is relevant in the context of ongoing experimental and theoretical efforts aimed at observing in real-time (attosecond time scale) the autoionization dynamics in molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Pranjal
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia),
Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger Y. Bello
- Departamento
de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Instituto
Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia),
Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Belles E, Rabilloud F, Kuleff AI, Despré V. Size Effect in Correlation-Driven Charge Migration in Correlation Bands of Alkyne Chains. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:163-169. [PMID: 38150589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Correlation-driven charge migration initiated by inner-valence ionization leading to the population of the correlation bands of alkyne chains containing between 4 and 12 carbon atoms is explored through ab initio simulations. Scaling laws are observed, both for the time scale of the charge migration and for the slope of the density of states of the correlation bands. These can be used for predicting the relaxation time scale in much larger systems from the same molecular family and for finding promising candidates for the development of an attochemistry scheme taking advantages of the specificity of the dynamics in the correlation bands of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguerran Belles
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Victor Despré
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
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28
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Ofstad BS, Wibowo-Teale M, Kristiansen HE, Aurbakken E, Kitsaras MP, Schøyen ØS, Hauge E, Irons TJP, Kvaal S, Stopkowicz S, Wibowo-Teale AM, Pedersen TB. Magnetic optical rotation from real-time simulations in finite magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204109. [PMID: 38018753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a numerical approach to magnetic optical rotation based on real-time time-dependent electronic-structure theory. Not relying on perturbation expansions in the magnetic field strength, the formulation allows us to test the range of validity of the linear relation between the rotation angle per unit path length and the magnetic field strength that was established empirically by Verdet 160 years ago. Results obtained from time-dependent coupled-cluster and time-dependent current density-functional theory are presented for the closed-shell molecules H2, HF, and CO in magnetic fields up to 55 kT at standard temperature and pressure conditions. We find that Verdet's linearity remains valid up to roughly 10-20 kT, above which significant deviations from linearity are observed. Among the three current density-functional approximations tested in this work, the current-dependent Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria hybrid functional performs the best in comparison with time-dependent coupled-cluster singles and doubles results for the magnetic optical rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Sverdrup Ofstad
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meilani Wibowo-Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Aurbakken
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marios Petros Kitsaras
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Eirill Hauge
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom J P Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stella Stopkowicz
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Andrew M Wibowo-Teale
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Bäuml L, Rott F, Schnappinger T, de Vivie-Riedle R. Following the Nonadiabatic Ultrafast Dynamics of Uracil via Simulated X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9787-9796. [PMID: 37955656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The nucleobase uracil exhibits high photostability due to ultrafast relaxation processes mediated by conical intersections (CoIns), where the interplay between nuclear and electron dynamics becomes crucial. In our previous study, we observed seemingly long-lived traces of electronic coherence for the relaxation process through the S2/S1 CoIn by applying our ansatz for coupled nuclear and electron dynamics in molecules (NEMol). In this work, we theoretically investigate how time-dependent transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy can be used to observe this ultrafast dynamics. Therefore, we calculated X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) for the oxygen K-edge, using a multireference protocol in combination with NEMol dynamics. Thus, we have access to both the transient XAS based on the nuclear wavepacket dynamics and the modulation of the signals caused by the electronic coherence induced by the excitation process and the presence of a CoIn seam. In both cases, we were able to qualitatively predict its influence on the resulting XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bäuml
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
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30
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Hauge E, Kristiansen HE, Konecny L, Kadek M, Repisky M, Pedersen TB. Cost-Efficient High-Resolution Linear Absorption Spectra through Extrapolating the Dipole Moment from Real-Time Time-Dependent Electronic-Structure Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7764-7775. [PMID: 37874968 PMCID: PMC10653104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel function fitting method for approximating the propagation of the time-dependent electric dipole moment from real-time electronic structure calculations. Real-time calculations of the electronic absorption spectrum require discrete Fourier transforms of the electric dipole moment. The spectral resolution is determined by the total propagation time, i.e., the trajectory length of the dipole moment, causing a high computational cost. Our developed method uses function fitting on shorter trajectories of the dipole moment, achieving arbitrary spectral resolution through extrapolation. Numerical testing shows that the fitting method can reproduce high-resolution spectra by using short dipole trajectories. The method converges with as little as 100 a.u. dipole trajectories for some systems, though the difficulty converging increases with the spectral density. We also introduce an error estimate of the fit, reliably assessing its convergence and hence the quality of the approximated spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Hauge
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, Kristian Augusts Gate 23, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Center
for Free Electron Laser, Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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31
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Pandey G, Ghosh S, Tiwari AK. Strong Laser Field-Driven Coupled Electron-Nuclear Dynamics: Quantum vs Classical Description. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9206-9219. [PMID: 37890168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a coupled electron-nuclear dynamics study of H2+ molecular ions under the influence of an intense few-cycle 4.5 fs laser pulse with an intensity of 4 × 1014 W/cm2 and a central wavelength of 750 nm. Both quantum and classical dynamical methods are employed in the exact similar initial conditions with the aim of head-to-head comparison of two methodologies. A competition between ionization and dissociation channel is explained under the framework of quantum and classical dynamics. The origin of the electron localization phenomena is elucidated by observing the molecular and electronic wave packet evolution pattern. By probing with different carrier envelope phase (CEP) values of the ultrashort pulse, the possibility of electron localization on either of the two nuclei is investigated. The effects of initial vibrational states on final dissociation and ionization probabilities for several CEP values are studied in detail. Finally, asymmetries in the dissociation probabilities are calculated and mutually compared for both quantum and classical dynamical methodologies, whereas Franck-Condon averaging over the initial vibrational states is carried out in order to mimic the existing experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
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32
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Yang YN, Chen SQ, Zhang ZH, Jiang H, Chen M, Li Y, He F. Harmonic Suppression Induced by Three-Electron Dynamics of Li in Strong Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:183201. [PMID: 37977615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We build a model to elucidate the high harmonic generation in combined EUV and midinfrared laser fields by embodying the spin-resolved three-electron dynamics. The EUV pulse ionizes an inner-shell electron, and the midinfrared laser drives the photoelectron and steers the electron-ion rescattering. Depending on the spin of the photoelectron, the residual ion including two bound electrons can be either in a single spin configuration or in a coherent superposition of different spin configurations. In the latter case, the two electrons in the ion swap their orbits, leading to a deep valley in the harmonic spectrum. The model results agree with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulations including three active electrons. The intriguing picture explored in this work is fundamentally distinguished from all reported scenarios relied on spin-orbit coupling, but originates from the exchanges asymmetry of two-electron wave functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Su-Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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33
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Hanasaki K, Takatsuka K. Spin current in the early stage of radical reactions and its mechanisms. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144111. [PMID: 37830453 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the electronic spin flux (atomic-scale flow of the spin density in molecules) by a perturbation analysis and ab initio nonadiabatic calculations. We derive a general perturbative expression of the charge and spin fluxes and identify the driving perturbation of the fluxes to be the time derivative of the electron-nucleus interaction term in the Hamiltonian. We then expand the expression in molecular orbitals so as to identify relevant components of the fluxes. Our perturbation theory describes the electronic fluxes in the early stage of reactions in an intuitively clear manner. The perturbation theory is then applied to an analysis of the spin flux obtained in ab initio calculations of the radical reaction of O2 and CH3· starting from three distinct spin configurations; (a) CH3· and triplet O2 with total spin of the system set Stot=1/2 (b) CH3· and singlet O2, Stot=1/2, and (c) CH3· and triplet O2, Stot=3/2. Further analysis of the time-dependent behaviors of the spin flux in these numerical simulations reveals (i) the spin flux induces rearrangement of the local spin structure, such as reduction of the spin polarization arising from the triplet O2 and (ii) the spin flux flows from O2 to CH3· in the reaction starting from spin configuration (a) and from CH3· to O2 in that starting from configuration (b), whereas no major intermolecular spin flux was observed in that starting from configuration (c). Our study thus establishes the mechanism of the spin flux that rearranges the local spin structures associated with chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Hanasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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34
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Morassut C, Coccia E, Luppi E. Quantitative performance analysis and comparison of optimal-continuum Gaussian basis sets for high-harmonic generation spectra. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124108. [PMID: 38127378 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum-chemistry methods in the time domain with Gaussian basis sets are increasingly used to compute high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of atomic and molecular systems. The quality of these approaches is limited by the accuracy of Gaussian basis sets to describe continuum energy states. In the literature, optimal-continuum Gaussian basis sets have been proposed: Kaufmann et al. [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 22, 2223 (1989)], Woźniak et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 154, 094111 (2021)], Nestmann and Peyerimhoff [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 23, L773 (1990)], Faure et al. [Comput. Phys. Commun. 144, 224 (2002)], and Krause et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 174113 (2014)]. In this work, we have compared the performances of these basis sets to simulate HHG spectra of H atom at different laser intensities. We have also investigated different strategies to balance basis sets with these continuum functions, together with the role of angular momentum. To quantify the performance of the different basis sets, we introduce local and global HHG descriptors. Comparisons with the grid and exact calculations are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morassut
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
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35
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Romig T, Kochetov V, Bokarev SI. Spin-flip dynamics in core-excited states in the basis of irreducible spherical tensor operators. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114108. [PMID: 37721323 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental advances in ultrafast science have put different processes occurring on the electronic timescale below a few femtoseconds in focus. In the present theoretical work, we demonstrate how the transformation and propagation of the density matrix in the basis of irreducible spherical tensors can be conveniently used to study sub-few fs spin-flip dynamics in core-excited transition metal compounds. With the help of the Wigner-Eckart theorem, such a transformation separates the essential dynamical information from the geometric factors governed by the angular momentum algebra. We show that an additional reduction can be performed by the physically motivated truncation of the spherical tensor basis. In particular, depending on the degree of coherence, the ultrafast dynamics can be considered semi-quantitative in the notably reduced spherical basis when only the total populations of the basis states of the given spin are of interest. Such truncation should be especially beneficial when the number of high-spin basis states is vast, as it reduces computational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Romig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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36
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Luppi E, Coccia E. Role of Inner Molecular Orbitals in High-Harmonic Generation Spectra of Aligned Uracil. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7335-7343. [PMID: 37640677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we decompose the high-harmonic generation (HHG) signal of aligned gas-phase uracil into single molecular-orbital (MO) contributions. We compute HHG spectra for a pulse linearly polarized perpendicular to the molecular plane, with an intensity of 0.6 and 0.85 × 1014 W/cm2 and a wavelength of 800 nm. We use the real-time time-dependent Configuration Interaction with singles method, coupled to a Gaussian-based representation of the time-dependent wavefunction. The strong-field dynamics is affected by the energy of the ionization/recombination channels and by the coupling between the orbital symmetry and laser polarization. In the configuration studied here, we expect that π-type MOs favorably couple with the incoming pulse and play a substantial role in generating the HHG spectrum. Indeed, we show that HOMO, HOMO - 1, and HOMO - 4, which all are π-like, determine the intensity of harmonic peaks at different energies, while HOMO - 2 and HOMO - 3 provide a smaller contribution. It is worth mentioning that HOMO - 4 produces a stronger signal than that from HOMO - 1, even though the corresponding ionization energy, in an one-electron picture, is around 2.5 eV larger and more than 4 eV larger than the HOMO one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Luppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
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37
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Calegari F, Martin F. Open questions in attochemistry. Commun Chem 2023; 6:184. [PMID: 37666969 PMCID: PMC10477171 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Fernando Martin
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Ertel D, Busto D, Makos I, Schmoll M, Benda J, Ahmadi H, Moioli M, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Mašín Z, Patchkovskii S, Sansone G. Influence of nuclear dynamics on molecular attosecond photoelectron interferometry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh7747. [PMID: 37647394 PMCID: PMC10468127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, the photoionization process occurring in a molecule due to the absorption of a single photon can trigger an ultrafast nuclear motion in the cation. Taking advantage of attosecond photoelectron interferometry, where the absorption of the extreme ultraviolet photon is accompanied by the exchange of an additional infrared quantum of light, one can investigate the influence of nuclear dynamics by monitoring the characteristics of the photoelectron spectra generated by the two-color field. Here, we show that attosecond photoelectron interferometry is sensitive to the nuclear response by measuring the two-color photoionization spectra in a mixture of methane (CH4) and deuteromethane (CD4). The effect of the different nuclear evolution in the two isotopologues manifests itself in the modification of the amplitude and contrast of the oscillations of the photoelectron peaks. Our work indicates that nuclear dynamics can affect the coherence properties of the electronic wave packet emitted by photoionization on a time scale as short as a few femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ertel
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Busto
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Makos
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Schmoll
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Benda
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovǐkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hamed Ahmadi
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Zdeněk Mašín
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovǐkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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39
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Reduzzi M, Pini M, Mai L, Cappenberg F, Colaizzi L, Vismarra F, Crego A, Lucchini M, Brahms C, Travers JC, Borrego-Varillas R, Nisoli M. Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26854-26864. [PMID: 37710535 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the complete temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses, generated by resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-capillary fibers, with energy in the microjoule range and continuously tunable from the deep-ultraviolet to the ultraviolet. Temporal characterization of such ultrabroad pulses, particularly challenging in this spectral region, was performed using an all-in-vacuum setup for self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating (SD-FROG). Sub-3-fs pulses were measured, tunable from 250 nm to 350 nm, with a minimum pulse duration of 2.4 ± 0.1 fs.
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40
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Schlegel HB. Charge Migration in HCCI Cations Probed by Strong Field Ionization: Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction and Vibrational Wavepacket Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6040-6050. [PMID: 37459461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Strong field ionization of neutral iodoacetylene (HCCI) can produce a coherent superposition of the X and A cations and results in charge migration between the CC π orbital and the iodine π-type lone pair. This charge migration causes oscillations in the rate of strong field ionization of the cation to the dication that can be monitored using intense few-cycle probe pulses. The dynamics and strong field ionization of the coherent superposition the X and A states of HCCI+ have been modeled by time-dependent configuration interaction (TDCI) simulations. When the nuclei are allowed to move, the electronic wavefunctions need to be multiplied by vibrational wavefunctions. Nuclear motion has been modeled by vibrational packets moving on quadratic approximations to the potential energy surfaces for the X and A states of the cation. The overlap of the vibrational wavepackets decays in about 10-15 fs. Consequently, the oscillations in the strong field ionization decay on the same time scale. A revival of the vibrational overlap and in the oscillations of the strong field ionization is seen at 60-110 fs. TDCI simulations show that the decay and revival of the charge migration can be monitored by strong field ionization with intense 2- and 4-cycle linearly polarized 800 nm pulses. The revival is also seen with 7-cycle pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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41
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Gu Y, Gu B, Sun S, Yong H, Chernyak VY, Mukamel S. Manipulating Attosecond Charge Migration in Molecules by Optical Cavities. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37390450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast electronic charge dynamics in molecules upon photoionization while the nuclear motions are frozen is known as charge migration. In a theoretical study of the quantum dynamics of photoionized 5-bromo-1-pentene, we show that the charge migration process can be induced and enhanced by placing the molecule in an optical cavity, and can be monitored by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The collective nature of the polaritonic charge migration process is investigated. We find that, unlike spectroscopy, molecular charge dynamics in a cavity is local and does not show many-molecule collective effects. The same conclusion applies to cavity polaritonic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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42
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Koushki AM. High-order harmonic generation from aligned HCN molecules under orthogonally and linearly polarized two-color laser fields. J Mol Model 2023; 29:137. [PMID: 37052706 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular high-order harmonic generation and molecular orbital ionization probabilities are calculated under orthogonally and linearly polarized two-color laser fields. When a second-harmonic field is applied, the high-order harmonics generated under the linearly polarized two-color laser fields in the antiparallel case are stronger than those generated in the orthogonal polarization case and even stronger than those of the parallel polarization case. The results show that ionization probabilities of various orbitals and harmonic orders are dependent on spatial symmetry of molecular orbitals. It is found that the ionization of low-lying Kohn-Sham molecular orbitals contributes significantly to the ionization and molecular high-order harmonic generation processes. The ionization probability maximum occurs when molecular orbital densities are maximum in the direction of laser field polarization. Furthermore, we show that the degeneracy of π orbitals is broken when the laser-molecule alignment angle deviates from the field axis. Accordingly, we indicated one component of the π orbital is effectively contributed to the ionization and high-order harmonic generation processes. Finally, to confirm the recollision model in the high-order harmonic generation, the quantum time-frequency analysis is used to extract electron paths information on subcycle time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Koushki
- Photonics and Quantum Technologies Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, North Kargar Avenue, P. O. Box 11365-8489, Tehran, Iran.
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43
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Yehorova D, Kretchmer JS. A multi-fragment real-time extension of projected density matrix embedding theory: Non-equilibrium electron dynamics in extended systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:131102. [PMID: 37031109 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we derive a multi-fragment real-time extension of the projected density matrix embedding theory (pDMET) designed to treat non-equilibrium electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems. As in the previously developed static pDMET, the real time pDMET partitions the total system into many fragments; the coupling between each fragment and the rest of the system is treated through a compact representation of the environment in terms of a quantum bath. The real-time pDMET involves simultaneously propagating the wavefunctions for each separate fragment–bath embedding system along with an auxiliary mean-field wavefunction of the total system. The equations of motion are derived by (i) projecting the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the fragment and bath space associated with each separate fragment and by (ii) enforcing the pDMET matching conditions between the global 1-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) obtained from the fragment calculations and the mean-field 1-RDM at all points in time. The accuracy of the method is benchmarked through comparisons to time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group and time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) theory; the methods were applied to a one- and two-dimensional single-impurity Anderson model and multi-impurity Anderson models with ordered and disordered distributions of the impurities. The results demonstrate a large improvement over TDHF and rapid convergence to the exact dynamics with an increase in fragment size. Our results demonstrate that the real-time pDMET is a promising and flexible method that balances accuracy and efficiency to simulate the non-equilibrium electron dynamics in heterogeneous systems of large size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Yehorova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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44
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Fernández-Milán P, Borràs VJ, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Photoionization of the water molecule with XCHEM. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134305. [PMID: 37031111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated total and partial photoionization cross sections, β asymmetry parameters, and molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of the water molecule by using the XCHEM methodology. This method accounts for electron correlation in the electronic continuum, which is crucial to describe Feshbach resonances and their autoionization decay. We have identified a large number of Feshbach resonances, some of them previously unknown, in the region between 12.2 and 18.7 eV, for which we provide energy positions and widths. Many of these resonances lead to pronounced peaks in the photoionization spectra, some of them remarkably wide (up to 0.2 eV, for resonances converging to the third ionization threshold), which should be observable in high-energy resolution experiments. We show that, in the vicinity of these peaks, both asymmetry parameters and MFPADs vary very rapidly with photoelectron energy, which, as in atoms and simpler molecules, reflects the interference between direct ionization and autoionization, which is mostly driven by electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández-Milán
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V J Borràs
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Vester J, Despré V, Kuleff AI. The role of symmetric vibrational modes in the decoherence of correlation-driven charge migration. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104305. [PMID: 36922132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the electron correlation, the fast removal of an electron from a molecule may create a coherent superposition of cationic states and in this way initiate pure electronic dynamics in which the hole-charge left by the ionization migrates throughout the system on an ultrashort time scale. The coupling to the nuclear motion introduces a decoherence that eventually traps the charge, and crucial questions in the field of attochemistry include how long the electronic coherence lasts and which nuclear degrees of freedom are mostly responsible for the decoherence. Here, we report full-dimensional quantum calculations of the concerted electron-nuclear dynamics following outer-valence ionization of propynamide, which reveal that the pure electronic coherences last only 2-3 fs before being destroyed by the nuclear motion. Our analysis shows that the normal modes that are mostly responsible for the fast electronic decoherence are the symmetric in-plane modes. All other modes have little or no effect on the charge migration. This information can be useful to guide the development of reduced dimensionality models for larger systems or the search for molecules with long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vester
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Despré
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, PCI, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Schnack-Petersen AK, Moitra T, Folkestad SD, Coriani S. New Implementation of an Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Damped-Response Framework with Illustrative Applications to Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1775-1793. [PMID: 36763003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an implementation of a damped response framework for calculating resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CC2) levels of theory in the open-source program eT. This framework lays the foundation for future extension to higher excitation methods (notably, the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples, CC3) and to multilevel approaches. Our implementation adopts a fully relaxed ground state and different variants of the core-valence separation projection technique to address convergence issues. Illustrative results are compared with those obtained within the frozen-core core-valence separated approach, available in Q-Chem, as well as with experiment. The performance of the CC2 method is evaluated in comparison with that of CCSD. It is found that, while the CC2 method is noticeably inferior to CCSD for X-ray absorption spectra, the quality of the CC2 RIXS spectra is often comparable to that of the CCSD level of theory, when the same valence excited states are probed. Finally, we present preliminary RIXS results for a solvated molecule in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiTThe Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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47
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Moitra T, Konecny L, Kadek M, Rubio A, Repisky M. Accurate Relativistic Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Valence and Core Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1714-1724. [PMID: 36757216 PMCID: PMC9940299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
First principles theoretical modeling of out-of-equilibrium processes observed in attosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) triggering pure electron dynamics remains a challenging task, especially for heavy elements and/or core excitations containing fingerprints of scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects. To address this, we formulate a methodology for simulating TAS within the relativistic real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) framework, for both the valence and core energy regimes. Especially for TAS, full four-component (4c) RT simulations are feasible but computationally demanding. Therefore, in addition to the 4c approach, we also introduce the atomic mean-field exact two-component (amfX2C) Hamiltonian accounting for one- and two-electron picture-change corrections within RT-TDDFT. amfX2C preserves the accuracy of the parent 4c method at a fraction of its computational cost. Finally, we apply the methodology to study valence and near-L2,3-edge TAS processes of experimentally relevant systems and provide additional physical insights using relativistic nonequilibrium response theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Algorithmiq
Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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48
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Jayadev NK, Ferino-Pérez A, Matz F, Krylov AI, Jagau TC. The Auger spectrum of benzene. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064109. [PMID: 36792526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an ab initio computational study of the Auger electron spectrum of benzene. Auger electron spectroscopy exploits the Auger-Meitner effect, and although it is established as an analytic technique, the theoretical modeling of molecular Auger spectra from first principles remains challenging. Here, we use coupled-cluster theory and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory combined with two approaches to describe the decaying nature of core-ionized states: (i) Feshbach-Fano resonance theory and (ii) the method of complex basis functions. The spectra computed with these two approaches are in excellent agreement with each other and also agree well with experimental Auger spectra of benzene. The Auger spectrum of benzene features two well-resolved peaks at Auger electron energies above 260 eV, which correspond to final states with two electrons removed from the 1e1g and 3e2g highest occupied molecular orbitals. At lower Auger electron energies, the spectrum is less well resolved, and the peaks comprise multiple final states of the benzene dication. In line with theoretical considerations, singlet decay channels contribute more to the total Auger intensity than the corresponding triplet decay channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanthara K Jayadev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Florian Matz
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas-C Jagau
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Conde ÁP, Lamas I, Albaneda MS, Méndez C, Longarte A, Montero R. Tracking ultrafast dynamics by sub-20-fs UV pulses generated in the lab open atmosphere. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Cardosa-Gutierrez M, De Bo G, Duwez AS, Remacle F. Bond breaking of furan-maleimide adducts via a diradical sequential mechanism under an external mechanical force. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1263-1271. [PMID: 36756317 PMCID: PMC9891376 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substituted furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts are bound by dynamic covalent bonds that make them particularly attractive mechanophores. Thermally activated [4 + 2] retro-Diels-Alder (DA) reactions predominantly proceed via a concerted mechanism in the ground electronic state. We show that an asymmetric mechanical force along the anchoring bonds in both the endo and exo isomers of proximal dimethyl furan-maleimide adducts favors a sequential pathway. The switching from a concerted to a sequential mechanism occurs at external forces of ≈1 nN. The first bond rupture occurs for a projection of the pulling force on the scissile bond at ≈4.3 nN for the exo adduct and ≈3.8 nN for the endo one. The reaction is inhibited for external forces up to ≈3.4 nN for the endo adduct and 3.6 nN for the exo one after which it is activated. In the activated region, at 4 nN, the rupture rate of the first bond for the endo adduct is computed to be ≈3 orders of magnitude larger than for the exo one in qualitative agreement with recent sonication experiments [Z. Wang and S. L. Craig, Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 12263-12266]. In the intermediate region of the path between the rupture of the first and the second bond, the lowest singlet state exhibits a diradical character for both adducts and is close in energy to a diradical triplet state. The computed values of spin-orbit coupling along the path are too small for inducing intersystem crossings. These findings open the way for the rational design of DA mechanophores for polymer science and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume De Bo
- Department of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Anne-Sophie Duwez
- UR Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Francoise Remacle
- UR Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium
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