1
|
Zhang H, Yang Y, Ma S, Yuan W, Gao M, Li T, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Li A, Zhao B. Development of a Multifaceted Perspective for Systematic Analysis, Assessment, and Performance for Environmental Standards of Contaminated Sites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3078-3091. [PMID: 38284061 PMCID: PMC10809668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated soil and groundwater can pose significant risks to human health and ecological environments, making the remediation of contaminated sites a pressing and sustained challenge. It is significant to identify key performance indicators and advance environmental management standards of contaminated sites. The traditional study currently focuses on the inflexible collection of related files and displays configurable limitations regarding integrated assessment and in-depth analysis of published standards. In addition, there is a relative lack of research focusing on the analysis of different types of standard documents. Herein, we introduce a cross-systematic retrospective and review for the development of standards of the contaminated sites, including the comprehensive framework, multifaceted analysis, and improved suggestion of soil and groundwater standards related to the environment. The classification and structural characteristics of different types of files are systematically analyzed of over 300 national, trade, local, and group standards for the contaminated sites. It exhibits that trade standards are the main types and testing methods are the important format within numerical considerations of soil standards. The guide standard serves as a crucial component in environmental management for investigating, assessing, and remediating of contaminated sites. Future improvement plans and development directions are proposed for advancing robust technical support for effective soil contamination prevention and control. This multidimensional analysis and the accompanying suggestions can provide improved guidance for Chinese environmental management of contaminated sites and sparkle the application of standards in a wide range of countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shaobing Ma
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanna Xiong
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Aiyang Li
- Chinese
Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute
of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
- Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Department
of Environmental Sciences, 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song JH, Her Y, Guo T. Quantifying the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrogen loading in the Western Lake Erie Basins. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9216. [PMID: 35654952 PMCID: PMC9163129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble nitrogen is highly mobile in soil and susceptible to leaching. It is important to identify nitrogen transport pathways so that the sources can be efficiently targeted in environment management. This study quantified the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrate + nitrite loading by separating flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration measurements into two periods depending on whether only baseflow was present or not using baseflow separation methods. When both direct runoff and baseflow were present in streamflow, their nitrate + nitrite concentrations were assumed based on the hydrological reasoning that baseflow does not change rapidly, and streamflow mostly consists of direct runoff within a rainfall event. For this study, we obtained and investigated daily flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration observations made at the outlets of 22 watersheds located in the Western Lake Erie area. Results showed that baseflow was responsible for 26 to 77% of the nitrate + nitrite loads. The relative nitrate + nitrite load contributions of direct runoff and baseflow substantially varied with the sizes of drainage areas and agricultural land uses. Increases in drainage areas tend to prolong the travel time of surface runoff and thus help its reinfiltration into soil, which then could increase the baseflow contribution. In addition, the artificial drainage networks common in the agricultural fields of the study areas would promote the drainage of nutrient-laden excess water from soils. Such findings suggest the need for environmental management customized considering nitrogen transport pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Song
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department & Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Younggu Her
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department & Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Tian Guo
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farm vehicles approaching weights of sauropods exceed safe mechanical limits for soil functioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117699119. [PMID: 35576469 PMCID: PMC9173810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117699119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanization has greatly contributed to the success of modern agriculture, with vastly expanded food production capabilities achieved by the higher capacity of farm machinery. However, the increase in capacity has been accompanied by higher vehicle weights that increase risks of subsoil compaction. We show here that while surface contact stresses remained nearly constant over the course of modern mechanization, subsoil stresses have propagated into deeper soil layers and now exceed safe mechanical limits for soil ecological functioning. We developed a global map for delineating subsoil compaction susceptibility based on estimates of mechanization level, mean tractor size, soil texture, and climatic conditions. The alarming trend of chronic subsoil compaction risk over 20% of arable land, with potential loss of productivity, calls for a more stringent design of farm machinery that considers intrinsic subsoil mechanical limits. As the total weight of modern harvesters is now approaching that of the largest animals that walked Earth, the sauropods, a paradox emerges of potential prehistoric subsoil compaction. We hypothesize that unconstrained roaming of sauropods would have had similar adverse effects on land productivity as modern farm vehicles, suggesting that ecological strategies for reducing subsoil compaction, including fixed foraging trails, must have guided these prehistoric giants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Koppe E, Schneider FJA, Londero AL, de Queiroz R, Buligon L, Minella JPG. Soil water infiltration evaluation from punctual to hillslope scales. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:300. [PMID: 35347464 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying infiltration and surface runoff at the hillslope scale is indispensable for soil conservation studies. However, the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration imposes a major constraint on surface runoff estimation. Point infiltration values do not fully express the complexity of the surface runoff in the landscape. Considering the need to improve the estimation of runoff volume from infiltration data, this study aimed to measure the apparent infiltration at hillslope-scale and compare it with two methods of infiltration estimative derived from point information. The study was carried out in six hydrological monitoring units paired. A set of hyetographs and hydrographs allowed the determination of apparent infiltration [Formula: see text] to each monitoring unit as a function of precipitation rate P. The measured [Formula: see text] values were used: (1) to evaluate the efficiency of the different land management in increasing infiltration; and (2) to evaluate the efficiency of two methods of hillslope-scale infiltration estimation based on point data: (a) derived from concentric rings method ([Formula: see text]), and (b) derived from a physically-based modeling ([Formula: see text]). Regarding the differences in land managements, terraces proved to be the most efficient land management practice, followed by phytomass addition. Regarding the methods, for precipitation rates greater than 40 [Formula: see text] the point infiltration-based [Formula: see text] underestimates apparent infiltration [Formula: see text] with PBIAS ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Even so, [Formula: see text] proved efficient in representing [Formula: see text] at less intense rainfall events. Nonetheless, the point infiltration-based method [Formula: see text] properly represented [Formula: see text] to all rainfall intensities (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient [Formula: see text]).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Koppe
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio José Andres Schneider
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Londero
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rosemar de Queiroz
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Buligon
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Paolo Gomes Minella
- Department of Soils, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., n.1000, Santa Maria, RS Postal Code 97105-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sonderegger T, Pfister S. Global Assessment of Agricultural Productivity Losses from Soil Compaction and Water Erosion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12162-12171. [PMID: 34464105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To guide us toward a sustainable future, the impacts of human activities on natural resources need to be understood and quantified. In this study on global agriculture, we use a Life Cycle Assessment framework to estimate potential long-term soil productivity losses caused by soil compaction and water erosion due to agricultural crop production. We combine several data sets to model spatially resolved Life Cycle Inventory information at the global level and multiply results with characterization factors from a previous publication. The global picture shows a compaction-stressed "Global North" and an erosion-stressed "Global South", with some countries and regions in between, for example, China and parts of South America. Results show that both compaction and water erosion impacts matter at the global level and that overall potential long-term productivity losses of 10-20% can be expected, with high relative impacts on low input production systems. These losses might limit long-term agricultural productivity and lead to additional land use change. Our work adds to and extends the discussion of global assessments of soil degradation. Furthermore, we prove the suggested framework to be applicable and useful for Life Cycle Assessments and other studies and provide results that can be used in such global assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonderegger
- Chair of Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Pfister
- Chair of Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sevigné-Itoiz E, Mwabonje O, Panoutsou C, Woods J. Life cycle assessment (LCA): informing the development of a sustainable circular bioeconomy? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200352. [PMID: 34334023 PMCID: PMC8326828 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of life cycle assessment (LCA) in informing the development of a sustainable and circular bioeconomy is discussed. We analyse the critical challenges remaining in using LCA and propose improvements needed to resolve future development challenges. Biobased systems are often complex combinations of technologies and practices that are geographically dispersed over long distances and with heterogeneous and uncertain sets of indicators and impacts. Recent studies have provided methodological suggestions on how LCA can be improved for evaluating the sustainability of biobased systems with a new focus on emerging systems, helping to identify environmental and social opportunities prior to large R&D investments. However, accessing economies of scale and improved conversion efficiencies while maintaining compatibility across broad ranges of sustainability indicators and public acceptability remain key challenges for the bioeconomy. LCA can inform, but not by itself resolve this complex dimension of sustainability. Future policy interventions that aim to promote the bioeconomy and support strategic value chains will benefit from the systematic use of LCA. However, the LCA community needs to develop the mechanisms and tools needed to generate agreement and coordinate the standards and incentives that will underpin a successful biobased transition. Systematic stakeholder engagement and the use of multidisciplinary analysis in combination with LCA are essential components of emergent LCA methods. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sevigné-Itoiz
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, (ICL), 18-19 Princess Garden, South Kensington, London SW7 1NE, UK
| | - Onesmus Mwabonje
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, (ICL), 18-19 Princess Garden, South Kensington, London SW7 1NE, UK
| | - Calliope Panoutsou
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, (ICL), 18-19 Princess Garden, South Kensington, London SW7 1NE, UK
| | - Jeremy Woods
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, (ICL), 18-19 Princess Garden, South Kensington, London SW7 1NE, UK
| |
Collapse
|