1
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Kang P, Sun C, Yang W, Wang M, Yin S, Zhang R. Atmospheric H 2O 2 during haze episodes in a Chinese megacity: Concentration, source, and implication on sulfate production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174391. [PMID: 38955272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an important oxidant, plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry. To reveal its characteristics in polluted areas, comprehensive observations were conducted in Zhengzhou, China from February 22 to March 4, 2019, including heavy pollution days (HP) and light pollution days (LP). High NO concentrations (18 ± 26 ppbv) were recorded in HP, preventing the recombination reaction of two HO2• radicals. Surprisingly, higher concentrations of H2O2 were observed in HP (1.5 ± 0.6 ppbv) than those in LP (1.2 ± 0.6 ppbv). In addition to low wind speed and relative humidity, the elevated H2O2 in HP could be mainly attributed to intensified particle-phase photoreactions and biomass burning. In terms of sulfate formation, transition-metal ions (TMI)-catalyzed oxidation emerged as the predominant oxidant pathway in both HP and LP. Note that the average H2O2 oxidation rate increased from 3.6 × 10-2 in LP to 1.1 × 10-1 μg m-3 h-1 in HP. Moreover, the oxidation by H2O2 might exceed that of TMI catalysis under specific conditions, emerging as the primary driver of sulfate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shenbo Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Panru Kang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chuifu Sun
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingkai Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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2
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Dai Y, Chen Z, Qin X, Dong P, Xu J, Hu J, Gu L, Chen S. Hydrolysis reactivity reveals significant seasonal variation in the composition of organic peroxides in ambient PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172143. [PMID: 38569967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric organic peroxides (POs) play a key role in the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), impacting both air quality and human health. However, there still remain technical challenges in investigating the reactivity of POs in ambient aerosols due to the instability and lack of standards for POs, impeding accurate evaluation of their environmental impacts. In the present study, we conducted the first attempt to categorize and quantify POs in ambient PM2.5 through hydrolysis, which is an important transformation pathway for POs, thus revealing the reactivities of various POs. POs were generally categorized into hydrolyzable POs (HPO) and unhydrolyzable POs (UPO). HPO were further categorized into three groups: short-lifetime HPO (S-HPO), intermediate-lifetime HPO (I-HPO), and long-lifetime HPO (L-HPO). S-HPO and L-HPO are typically formed from Criegee intermediate (CI) and RO2 radical reactions, respectively. Results show that L-HPO are the most abundant HPO, indicating the dominant role of RO2 pathway in HPO formation. Despite their lower concentration compared to L-HPO, S-HPO make a major contribution to the HPO hydrolysis rate due to their faster rate constants. The hydrolysis of PM2.5 POs accounts for 19 % of the nighttime gas-phase H2O2 growth during the summer observation, constituting a noteworthy source of gas-phase H2O2 and contributing to the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Seasonal and weather conditions significantly impact the composition of POs, with HPO concentrations in summer being significantly higher than those in winter and elevated under rainy and nighttime conditions. POs are mainly composed of HPO in summer, while in winter, POs are dominated by UPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Gao J, Wang H, Liu W, Xu H, Wei Y, Tian X, Feng Y, Song S, Shi G. Hydrogen peroxide serves as pivotal fountainhead for aerosol aqueous sulfate formation from a global perspective. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4625. [PMID: 38816351 PMCID: PMC11139875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional atmospheric chemistry posits that sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be oxidized to sulfate (SO42-) through aqueous-phase reactions in clouds and gas-phase oxidation. Despite adequate knowledge of traditional mechanisms, several studies have highlighted the potential for SO2 oxidation within aerosol water. Given the widespread presence of tropospheric aerosols, SO42- production through aqueous-phase oxidation in aerosol water could have a pervasive global impact. Here, we quantify the potential contributions of aerosol aqueous pathways to global sulfate formation based on the GEOS-Chem simulations and subsequent theoretical calculations. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation significantly influences continental regions both horizontally and vertically. Over the past two decades, shifts in the formation pathways within typical cities reveal an intriguing trend: despite reductions in SO2 emissions, the increased atmospheric oxidation capacities, like rising H2O2 levels, prevent a steady decline in SO42- concentrations. Abating oxidants would facilitate the benefit of SO2 reduction and the positive feedback in sulfate mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haoqi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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4
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Moon A, Jongebloed U, Dingilian KK, Schauer AJ, Chan YC, Cesler-Maloney M, Simpson WR, Weber RJ, Tsiang L, Yazbeck F, Zhai S, Wedum A, Turner AJ, Albertin S, Bekki S, Savarino J, Gribanov K, Pratt KA, Costa EJ, Anastasio C, Sunday MO, Heinlein LMD, Mao J, Alexander B. Primary Sulfate Is the Dominant Source of Particulate Sulfate during Winter in Fairbanks, Alaska. ACS ES&T AIR 2024; 1:139-149. [PMID: 39166537 PMCID: PMC10928653 DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Within and surrounding high-latitude cities, poor air quality disturbs Arctic ecosystems, influences the climate, and harms human health. The Fairbanks North Star Borough has wintertime particulate matter (PM) concentrations that exceed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) threshold for public health. Particulate sulfate (SO4 2-) is the most abundant inorganic species and contributes approximately 20% of the total PM mass in Fairbanks, but air quality models underestimate observed sulfate concentrations. Here we quantify sulfate sources using size-resolved δ34S(SO4 2-), δ18O(SO4 2-), and Δ17O(SO4 2-) of particulate sulfate in Fairbanks from January 18th to February 25th, 2022 using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. Primary sulfate contributes 62 ± 12% of the total sulfate mass on average. Most primary sulfate is found in the size bin with a particle diameter < 0.7 μm, which contains 90 ±5% of total sulfate mass and poses the greatest risk to human health. Oxidation by all secondary formation pathways combined contributes 38 ± 12% of total sulfate mass on average, indicating that secondary sulfate formation is inefficient in this cold, dark environment. On average, the dominant secondary sulfate formation pathways are oxidation by H2O2 (13 ± 6%), O3 (8 ± 4%), and NO2 (8 ± 3%). These findings will inform mitigation strategies to improve air quality and public health in Fairbanks and possibly other high-latitude urban areas during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Moon
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ursula Jongebloed
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kayane K. Dingilian
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Schauer
- Department
of Earth and Space Sciences, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yuk-Chun Chan
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - William R. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ling Tsiang
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fouad Yazbeck
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shuting Zhai
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alanna Wedum
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexander J. Turner
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah Albertin
- IGE,
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Slimane Bekki
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joël Savarino
- IGE,
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Konstantin Gribanov
- Climate
and Environment Physics Laboratory, Ural
Federal University, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kerri A. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emily J. Costa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael O. Sunday
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Laura M. D. Heinlein
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, United States
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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5
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Han X, Dong X, Liu CQ, Wei R, Lang Y, Strauss H, Guo Q. Multiple Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for Sulfate Formation in Haze Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20647-20656. [PMID: 38033251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of sulfate formation during winter haze events in North China remains largely elusive. In this study, the multiple sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate in different grain-size aerosol fractions collected seasonally from sampling sites in rural, suburban, urban, industrial, and coastal areas of North China are used to constrain the mechanism of SO2 oxidation at different levels of air pollution. The Δ33S values of sulfate in aerosols show an obvious seasonal variation, except for those samples collected in the rural area. The positive Δ33S signatures (0‰ < Δ33S < 0.439‰) observed on clean days are mainly influenced by tropospheric SO2 oxidation and stratospheric SO2 photolysis. The negative Δ33S signatures (-0.236‰ < Δ33S < ∼0‰) observed during winter haze events (PM2.5 > 200 μg/m3) are mainly attributed to SO2 oxidation by H2O2 and transition metal ion catalysis (TMI) in the troposphere. These results reveal that both the H2O2 and TMI pathways play critical roles in sulfate formation during haze events in North China. Additionally, these new data provide evidence that the tropospheric oxidation of SO2 can produce significant negative Δ33S values in sulfate aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Han
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyuan Dong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Harald Strauss
- Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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6
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Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Longstreth JD, Schikowski T, Andersen MPS, Solomon KR, Wilson SR. Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1129-1176. [PMID: 37310641 PMCID: PMC10262938 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives the net production of tropospheric ozone (O3) and a large fraction of particulate matter (PM) including sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. Ground-level O3 and PM are detrimental to human health, leading to several million premature deaths per year globally, and have adverse effects on plants and the yields of crops. The Montreal Protocol has prevented large increases in UV radiation that would have had major impacts on air quality. Future scenarios in which stratospheric O3 returns to 1980 values or even exceeds them (the so-called super-recovery) will tend to ameliorate urban ground-level O3 slightly but worsen it in rural areas. Furthermore, recovery of stratospheric O3 is expected to increase the amount of O3 transported into the troposphere by meteorological processes that are sensitive to climate change. UV radiation also generates hydroxyl radicals (OH) that control the amounts of many environmentally important chemicals in the atmosphere including some greenhouse gases, e.g., methane (CH4), and some short-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Recent modeling studies have shown that the increases in UV radiation associated with the depletion of stratospheric ozone over 1980-2020 have contributed a small increase (~ 3%) to the globally averaged concentrations of OH. Replacements for ODSs include chemicals that react with OH radicals, hence preventing the transport of these chemicals to the stratosphere. Some of these chemicals, e.g., hydrofluorocarbons that are currently being phased out, and hydrofluoroolefins now used increasingly, decompose into products whose fate in the environment warrants further investigation. One such product, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), has no obvious pathway of degradation and might accumulate in some water bodies, but is unlikely to cause adverse effects out to 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA.
- USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest after retirement from Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J D Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - M P Sulbæk Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, USA
| | - K R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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7
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Liu P, Chen H, Song Y, Xue C, Ye C, Zhao X, Zhang C, Liu J, Mu Y. Atmospheric ammonia in the rural North China Plain during wintertime: Variations, sources, and implications for HONO heterogeneous formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160768. [PMID: 36493819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in secondary inorganic aerosol formation. Understanding the temporal variations, sources, and environmental influences of NH3 is conducive to better formulate PM2.5 pollution control strategies for policy-makers. Here, we performed a comprehensive field campaign with the measurements of NH3 and related parameters at a rural site of the North China Plain (NCP) in winter of 2017. The results showed that residential coal combustion contributed dominantly to NH3 during the entire observation period, resulting in the obviously high average concentration of NH3 (31.2 ± 24.6 ppbv). The sensitivity tests of pH-NHx during the three different pollution periods suggested that the rural site was always in the NHx-rich atmosphere where high levels of NHx increased the particle pH inefficiently. Nevertheless, the particle pH still elevated by 1.5-2.2 units at the excessive NHx levels during the three pollution periods. In addition, the HONO/NO2 ratios were found to correlate linearly with NH3 concentrations, implying the acceleration effect of NH3 on HONO production from NO2 heterogeneous reactions. After considering the NH3-enhanced uptake coefficient of NO2 in the nocturnal HONO budget, the unknown source of HONO could be fully explained. Therefore, more attentions should be given for effective emission control of NH3 to improve air quality throughout the NCP, especially in the rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yifei Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS-Université Orléans-CNES, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Can Ye
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Ye C, Lu K, Song H, Mu Y, Chen J, Zhang Y. A critical review of sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during winter polluted periods. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:387-399. [PMID: 36522000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ye
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huan Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Gao J, Wei Y, Zhao H, Liang D, Feng Y, Shi G. The role of source emissions in sulfate formation pathways based on chemical thermodynamics and kinetics model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158104. [PMID: 35987245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is a major PM2.5 constituent and poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health, which has attracted lots of attention to the sulfate formation mechanism. In recent years, there has been great scientific interest in the multiphase oxidation of SO2 in aqueous aerosol particles. Many factors are involved in the reaction process, including precursor SO2, oxidants/catalysts, and aerosol acidity, which are three channels closely related to the source emission. The conjoint analysis of source emissions and sulfate aqueous formation can provide a scientific basis for designing effective strategies, though the related research is extremely limited. Here, we applied an improved solute strength-dependent chemical Thermodynamics & Kinetics model (for aqueous pathway contribution) and the Partial Target Transformation-Positive matrix factor model (for source apportionment) to explore the role of source emission in sulfate aqueous formation. The results indicated H2O2 aqueous oxidation was the dominant pathway (65.9 %), and secondary nitrate source may grow together with sulfate formation from H2O2 pathway. H2O2 and TMI pathways were related to higher SOR (sulfur oxidation rate). TMI pathway was significant in summer (54.6 %) and increased with secondary sources and vehicle exhaust. NO2 pathway was more significant at low secondary source and high coal combustion (higher contribution of NO2 pathway appeared in winter, 24.7 %). While high formation rate of the O3 pathway always occurred at low source levels. Coal combustion and vehicle exhaust showed obvious effects on sulfate aqueous formation. Notably, aerosol acidity is a significant factor related to sources and plays a key role in sulfate formation. The result also suggested aerosol pH may be more important than the amounts of substances involved in the oxidation reaction. The findings in this work can provide useful information for better understanding sulfate aqueous formation and offer a scientific basis for designing strategies for air pollution control and sulfate mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Danni Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
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10
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Min K, Li Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Chen B, Ma M, Liu Q, Jiang G. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Strategy for In Situ Quantification of Soot in Size-Segregated Air Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15189-15197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zigu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Taishan Institute for Ecology and Environment (TIEE), Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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11
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Ye C, Xue C, Liu P, Zhang C, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Liu J, Lu K, Mu Y. Strong impacts of biomass burning, nitrogen fertilization, and fine particles on gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156997. [PMID: 35777574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry as an indicator of the atmospheric oxidizing capacity. It is also a vital oxidant of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the aqueous phase, resulting in the formation of acid precipitation and sulfate aerosol. However, sources of H2O2 are not fully understood especially in polluted areas affected by human activities. In this study, we reported some high H2O2 cases observed during one summer and two winter campaigns conducted at a polluted rural site in the North China Plain. Our results showed that agricultural fires led to high H2O2 concentrations up to 9 ppb, indicating biomass burning events contributed substantially to primary H2O2 emission. In addition, elevated H2O2 and O3 concentrations were measured after fertilization as a consequence of the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by soil HONO emission. Furthermore, H2O2 exhibited unexpectedly high concentration under high NOx conditions in winter, which are closely related to multiphase reactions in particles involving organic chromophores. Our findings suggest that these special factors (biomass burning, fertilization, and ambient particles), which are not well considered in current models, are significant contributors to H2O2 production, thereby affecting the regional atmospheric oxidizing capacity and the global sulfate aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ye
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS - Université Orléans - CNES, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuobiao Ma
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Liu M, Wang W, Li J, Wang T, Xu Z, Song Y, Zhang W, Zhou L, Lian C, Yang J, Li Y, Sun Y, Tong S, Guo Y, Ge M. High fraction of soluble trace metals in fine particles under heavy haze in central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156771. [PMID: 35724777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric trace metals are a key component of particulate matter and significantly influence the atmospheric process and human health. The dissolved fraction of trace metals represents their bioavailability and exhibits high chemical activity. However, the optimum measurement method for detecting the soluble fraction of trace metals is still undetermined. The impact of variations in pollution on the soluble fraction is largely unrevealed. Therefore, in this work, a one-month field observation was conducted in Central China and different extraction solvents were used to determine the proper measurement method for the soluble fraction of trace metals and investigate the variation pattern under different pollution conditions. The findings show that solvents with acidity near that of aerosol water can better reflect the actual soluble fraction of trace metals in fine particulate matter. The soluble fraction of trace metals tends to increase with pollution level increased, demonstrating unexpectedly high health risks and chemical activity under heavy haze conditions. Our results indicate that remediation and trace metal pollution control are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenying Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chaofan Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinxing Yang
- Sanmenxia Environmental Monitoring Station, Sanmenxia 472400, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengrui Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Gao J, Shi G, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Tian X, Feng Y, Russell AG, Nenes A. Targeting Atmospheric Oxidants Can Better Reduce Sulfate Aerosol in China: H 2O 2 Aqueous Oxidation Pathway Dominates Sulfate Formation in Haze. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10608-10618. [PMID: 35786903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate sulfate is one of the most important components in the atmosphere. The observation of rapid sulfate aerosol production during haze events provoked scientific interest in the multiphase oxidation of SO2 in aqueous aerosol particles. Diverse oxidation pathways can be enhanced or suppressed under different aerosol acidity levels and high ionic strength conditions of atmospheric aerosol. The importance of ionic strength to sulfate multiphase chemistry has been verified under laboratory conditions, though studies in the actual atmosphere are still limited. By utilizing online observations and developing an improved solute strength-dependent chemical thermodynamics and kinetics model (EF-T&K model, EF is the enhancement factor that represents the effect of ionic strength on an aerosol aqueous-phase reaction), we provided quantitative evidence that the H2O2 pathway was enhanced nearly 100 times and dominated sulfate formation for entire years (66%) in Tianjin (a northern city in China). TMI (oxygen catalyzed by transition-metal ions) (14%) and NO2 (14%) pathways got the second-highest contributions. Machine learning supported the result that aerosol sulfate production was more affected by the H2O2 pathway. The collaborative effects of atmospheric oxidants and SO2 on sulfate aerosol production were further investigated using the improved EF-T&K model. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of adopting target oxidant control as a new direction for sustainable mitigation of sulfate, given the already low SO2 concentrations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras GR-26504, Greece
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14
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Wei J, Fang T, Shiraiwa M. Effects of Acidity on Reactive Oxygen Species Formation from Secondary Organic Aerosols. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:336-345. [PMID: 35928555 PMCID: PMC9342606 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the chemical transformation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and aerosol health effects by causing oxidative stress in vivo. Acidity is an important physicochemical property of atmospheric aerosols, but its effects on the ROS formation from SOA have been poorly characterized. By applying the electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique and the Diogenes chemiluminescence assay, we find highly distinct radical yields and composition at different pH values in the range of 1-7.4 from SOA generated by oxidation of isoprene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, β-pinene, toluene, and naphthalene. We observe that isoprene SOA has substantial hydroxyl radical (•OH) and organic radical yields at neutral pH, which are 1.5-2 times higher compared to acidic conditions in total radical yields. Superoxide (O2 •-) is found to be the dominant species generated by all types of SOAs at lower pH. At neutral pH, α-terpineol SOA exhibits a substantial yield of carbon-centered organic radicals, while no radical formation is observed by aromatic SOA. Further experiments with model compounds show that the decomposition of organic peroxide leading to radical formation may be suppressed at lower pH due to acid-catalyzed rearrangement of peroxides. We also observe 1.5-3 times higher molar yields of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acidic conditions compared to neutral pH by biogenic and aromatic SOA, likely due to enhanced decomposition of α-hydroxyhydroperoxides and quinone redox cycling, respectively. These findings are critical to bridge the gap in understanding ROS formation mechanisms and kinetics in atmospheric and physiological environments.
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15
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Qin X, Chen Z, Gong Y, Dong P, Cao Z, Hu J, Xu J. Persistent Uptake of H 2O 2 onto Ambient PM 2.5 via Dark-Fenton Chemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9978-9987. [PMID: 35758291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) and gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) interact ubiquitously to influence atmospheric oxidizing capacity. However, quantitative information on H2O2 loss and its fate on urban aerosols remain unclear. This study investigated the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions of H2O2 on PM2.5 and explored how these processes are affected by various experimental conditions (i.e., relative humidity, temperature, and H2O2 concentration). We observed a persistent uptake of H2O2 by PM2.5 (with the uptake coefficients (γ) of 10-4-10-3) exacerbated by aerosol liquid water and temperature, confirming the critical role of water-assisted chemical decomposition during the uptake process. A positive correlation between the γ values and the ratio of dissolved iron concentration to H2O2 concentration suggests that Fenton catalytic decomposition may be an important pathway for H2O2 conversion on PM2.5 under dark conditions. Furthermore, on the basis of kinetic data gained, the parameterization of H2O2 uptake on PM2.5 was developed and was applied into a box model. The good agreement between simulated and measured H2O2 uncovered the significant role that heterogeneous uptake plays in the sink of H2O2 in the atmosphere. These findings suggest that the composition-dependent particle reactivity toward H2O2 should be considered in atmospheric models for elucidating the environmental and health effects of H2O2 uptake by ambient aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijiong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Effects of Chemical Reactions on the Oxidative Potential of Humic Acid, a Model Compound of Atmospheric Humic-like Substances. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) contains various chemicals, some of which generate in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS). Owing to their high reactivity and oxidation ability, ROS can cause various diseases. To understand how atmospheric PM affects human health, we must clarify the PM components having oxidative potential (OP) leading to ROS production. According to previous studies, OP is exhibited by humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric PM. However, the OP-dependence of the chemical structures of HULIS has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, humic acid (HA, a model HULIS material) was exposed to ozone and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and its OP and structures were evaluated before and after the reactions using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), respectively. The OP of HA was more significantly increased by UV irradiation than by ozone exposure. FT-IR analysis showed an increased intensity of the C=O peak in the HA structure after UV irradiation, suggesting that the OP of HA was increased by a chemical change to a more quinone-like structure after irradiation.
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17
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Liu P, Ye C, Zhang C, He G, Xue C, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Song Y, Li X, Wang X, Chen J, He H, Herrmann H, Mu Y. Photochemical Aging of Atmospheric Fine Particles as a Potential Source for Gas-Phase Hydrogen Peroxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15063-15071. [PMID: 34705458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an important oxidant, plays a key role in atmospheric sulfate formation, affecting the global radiation budget and causing acid rain deposition. The disproportionation reactions of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) in both gas and aqueous phases have long been considered as dominant sources for atmospheric H2O2. However, these known sources cannot explain the significant formation of H2O2 in polluted areas under the conditions of high NO levels and low ambient relative humidity (RH). Here, we show that under relatively dry conditions during daytime, atmospheric fine particles directly produce abundant gas-phase H2O2. The formation of H2O2 is verified to be by a reaction between the particle surface -OH group and HO2 radicals formed by photooxidation of chromophoric dissolved organic matters (CDOMs), which is slightly influenced by the presence of high NO levels but remarkably accelerated by water vapor and O2. In contrast to aqueous-phase chemistry, transition metal ions (TMIs) are found to significantly suppress H2O2 formation from the atmospheric fine particles. The H2O2 formed from relatively dry particles can be directly involved in in situ SO2 oxidation, leading to sulfate formation. As CDOMs are ubiquitous in atmospheric fine particles, their daytime photochemistry is expected to play important roles in formation of H2O2 and sulfate worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Can Ye
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangzhi He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengtang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tilgner A, Schaefer T, Alexander B, Barth M, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Nenes A, Pye HOT, Herrmann H, McNeill VF. Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021. [PMID: 34675968 PMCID: PMC8525431 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of aqueous atmospheric solutions is a key parameter driving both the partitioning of semi-volatile acidic and basic trace gases and their aqueous-phase chemistry. In addition, the acidity of atmospheric aqueous phases, e.g., deliquesced aerosol particles, cloud, and fog droplets, is also dictated by aqueous-phase chemistry. These feedbacks between acidity and chemistry have crucial implications for the tropospheric lifetime of air pollutants, atmospheric composition, deposition to terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, visibility, climate, and human health. Atmospheric research has made substantial progress in understanding feedbacks between acidity and multiphase chemistry during recent decades. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on these feedbacks with a focus on aerosol and cloud systems, which involve both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Here, we describe the impacts of acidity on the phase partitioning of acidic and basic gases and buffering phenomena. Next, we review feedbacks of different acidity regimes on key chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics, as well as uncertainties and chemical subsystems with incomplete information. Finally, we discuss atmospheric implications and highlight the need for future investigations, particularly with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world, and the need for advancements in field and laboratory measurements and model tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary Barth
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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