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Liu M, Li X, Li Y, Zou Y. Insights into the airborne microorganisms in a Sichuan south-road dark tea pile fermentation plant during production. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1439133. [PMID: 39286348 PMCID: PMC11402737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sichuan south-road dark tea (SSDT) is generally produced through a series of processes, including fixing, rolling, pile fermentation, and drying, with microbial action during pile fermentation playing a crucial role in determining tea quality. The air within the SSDT pile fermentation plant (SSDTPP) is considered an important source of these microbes, but research in this area has been limited. Methods In this study, air samples from SSDTPP were collected on the 1st (SSDT1), 12th (SSDT2), and 24th (SSDT3) days of pile fermentation and comprehensively analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Results and discussion The results revealed the presence of 2 and 24 phyla, 9 and 49 classes, 18 and 88 orders, 28 and 153 families, 38 and 253 genera, and 47 and 90 species of fungi and bacteria, respectively, across all samples. SSDT1 and SSDT2 individually had the highest fungal and bacterial diversity, while Aspergillus was the dominant genus throughout the pile fermentation with an abundance of 34.6%, 91.17%, and 67.86% in SSDT1, SSDT2, and SSDT3, respectively. Microbial populations in SSDT1 were predominantly involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, etc. However, SSDT2 exhibited a higher prevalence of human disease-related functions. SSDT3 primarily focused on the metabolism of other amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, 104 genera and 22 species coexisted in both SSDTPP air and piled SSDT, suggesting that frequent microbial exchange may occur between them. These findings pave the way for microbial traceability during SSDT production and provide a foundation for further functional microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimiao Li
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Ding L, Zhang Q, Wang C, Yao C, Shan F, Li Q. A Clean and Health-Care-Focused Way to Reduce Indoor Airborne Bacteria in Calf House with Long-Wave Ultraviolet. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1472. [PMID: 39065239 PMCID: PMC11279370 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to a relatively high concentration of airborne bacteria emitted from intensive livestock houses could potentially threaten the health and welfare of animals and workers. There is a dual effect of air sterilization and promotion of vitamin D synthesis for the specific bands of ultraviolet light. This study investigated the potential use of A-band ultraviolet (UVA) tubes as a clean and safe way of reducing airborne bacteria and improving calf health. The composition and emission characteristics of airborne bacteria were investigated and used to determine the correct operating regime of UVA tubes in calf houses. Intermittent exceedances of indoor airborne bacteria were observed in closed calf houses. The measured emission intensity of airborne bacteria was 1.13 ± 0.09 × 107 CFU h-1 per calf. Proteobacteria were the dominant microbial species in the air inside and outside calf houses. After UVA radiation, the indoor culturable airborne bacteria decreased in all particle size ranges of the Anderson sampler, and it showed the highest reduction rate in the size range of 3.3-4.7 μm. The results of this study would enrich the knowledge of the source characteristics of the airborne bacteria in intensive livestock farming and contribute to the environmental control of cattle in intensive livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Ding
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chaoyuan Wang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Feifei Shan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.D.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 100097, China
- National Innovation Center of Digital Technology in Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100097, China
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3
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Yan C, Wan WD, Wang RN, Lai TN, Ali W, He SS, Liu S, Li X, Nasir ZA, Coulon F. Quantitative health risk assessment of microbial hazards from water sources for community and self-supply drinking water systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133324. [PMID: 38150760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In low and medium income countries (LMIC) drinking water sources (wells and boreholes) often contain a high number of pathogenic microorganisms, that can pose significant human and environmental health risks. In this study, a quantitative microbial risk assessment approach based on existing literature was conducted to evaluate and compare the quantitative health risks associated with different age groups using various drinking water supply systems. Results showed that both community-supply and self-supply modes exhibit similar levels of risk. However, the self-supply water source consistently showed higher risks compared to the community-supply one. Borehole water was found to be a more suitable option than well water, consistently showing between 5 and 8 lower health risks for E. coli and fecal coliform levels, respectively. The sensitivity analysis further showed the importance of prioritizing the reduction of E. coli concentration in well water and fecal coliform concentration in borehole water. This study offers a fresh perception on quantifying the impact of exposure concentration and age groups, shedding light on how they affect environmental health risks. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders involved in the management and protection of water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Wei-di Wan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Rui-Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Yancheng Port Holding Group Co., LTD., Yancheng 320900, PR China
| | - Tian-Nuo Lai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wajid Ali
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan He
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Sai Liu
- CITIC Treated Water into River Engineering Investment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Three Gorges Base Development Co., Ltd., Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Tastassa AC, Sharaby Y, Lang-Yona N. Aeromicrobiology: A global review of the cycling and relationships of bioaerosols with the atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168478. [PMID: 37967625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms and biological matter (bioaerosols) play a key role in global biogeochemical cycling, human and crop health trends, and climate patterns. Their presence in the atmosphere is controlled by three main stages: emission, transport, and deposition. Aerial survival rates of bioaerosols are increased through adaptations such as ultra-violet radiation and desiccation resistance or association with particulate matter. Current research into modern concerns such as climate change, global gene transfer, and pathogenicity often neglects to consider atmospheric involvement. This comprehensive review outlines the transpiring of bioaerosols across taxa in the atmosphere, with significant focus on their interactions with environmental elements including abiotic factors (e.g., atmospheric composition, water cycle, and pollution) and events (e.g., dust storms, hurricanes, and wildfires). The aim of this review is to increase understanding and shed light on needed research regarding the interplay between global atmospheric phenomena and the aeromicrobiome. The abundantly documented bacteria and fungi are discussed in context of their cycling and human health impacts. Gaps in knowledge regarding airborne viral community, the challenges and importance of studying their composition, concentrations and survival in the air are addressed, along with understudied plant pathogenic oomycetes, and archaea cycling. Key methodologies in sampling, collection, and processing are described to provide an up-to-date picture of ameliorations in the field. We propose optimization to microbiological methods, commonly used in soil and water analysis, that adjust them to the context of aerobiology, along with other directions towards novel and necessary advancements. This review offers new perspectives into aeromicrobiology and calls for advancements in global-scale bioremediation, insights into ecology, climate change impacts, and pathogenicity transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Tastassa
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Sharaby
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Lang-Yona
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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Yan C, Hu YN, Gui ZC, Lai TN, Ali W, Wan NH, He SS, Liu S, Li X, Jin TX, Nasir ZA, Alcega SG, Coulon F. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 exposure assessment for workers in wastewater treatment plants using Monte-Carlo simulation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120845. [PMID: 37976948 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies on COVID-19 pandemic have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originating from human stool are detected in raw sewage for several days, leading to potential health risks for workers due to the production of bioaerosols and droplets during wastewater treatment process. In this study, data of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater were gathered from literatures, and a quantitative microbial risk assessment with Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the daily probability of infection risk through exposure to viable infectious viral airborne particles of the workers during four seasons and under six environmental conditions. Inhalation of bioaerosols and direct ingestion of wastewater droplets were selected as exposure pathways. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used for sensitivity analysis to identify the variables with the greatest influence on the infection risk probability. It was found that the daily probability of infection risk decreased with temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) increase. The probability of direct droplet ingestion exposure pathway was higher than that of the bioaerosol inhalation pathway. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the most sensitive variable for both exposure pathways was the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in stool. So, appropriate aeration systems, covering facilities, and effective ventilation are suggested to implement in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to reduce emission concentration. Further to this, the exposure time (t) had a larger variance contribution than T and RH for the bioaerosol inhalation pathway. Implementing measures such as adding more work shifts, mandating personal protective equipment for all workers, and implementing coverage for treatment processes can significantly reduce the risk of infection among workers at WWTPs. These measures are particularly effective during environmental conditions with low temperatures and humidity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ning Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zi-Cheng Gui
- CCDI (Suzhou) exploration and design consultant Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Tian-Nuo Lai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wajid Ali
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Nian-Hong Wan
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co, Ltd., Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan He
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co, Ltd., Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Sai Liu
- CITIC Treated Water into River Engineering Investment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Three Gorges Base Development Co., Ltd., Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ting-Xu Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Sonia Garcia Alcega
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK6 7AA, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Zhang X, Lu B, Chen G, Wang L, Lin B, Peng Z, Lu S, Li D, Chen J. Culturable and inhalable airborne bacteria in a semiunderground municipal wastewater treatment plant: Distribution, transmission, and health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132234. [PMID: 37586239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens constitute a growing threat to global public health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of airborne bacteria, which pose great health risks to the employee and nearby residents. In this study, the distribution, transmission and health risk of the airborne culturable and inhalable bacteria carried by PM2.5 in a semiunderground WWTP were evaluated. The concentrations of culturable bacteria in the air were 21.2-1431.1 CFU/m3, with the main contributions of primary and biological treatments. The relative abundances of culturable and total inhalable bacterial taxa were positively correlated (p < 0.05). However, certain bacteria, including Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus, exhibited high reproductive capacity despite their low concentration in the air, suggesting that they can survive and regrow in suitable environments. Transmission modeling revealed that the concentrations of airborne bacteria exponentially decreased with distance from 18.67 to 24.12 copies /m3 at the source to 0.06-0.14 copies /m3 at 1000 m downwind. The risks of 8-h exposure in this WWTP except the outlet exceeded the reference value recommended by WHO, which were primarily dependent on P. aeruginosa, Salmonella, and E. coli. Management practices should consider improved controls for bioaerosols in order to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengliang Peng
- Shanghai Chengtou Sewage Treatment Co., LtD., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songliu Lu
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Mortazavi R. Introduction to the A&WMA 2023 Critical Review: Environmental sampling for disease surveillance: Recent advances and recommendations for best practice. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:429-433. [PMID: 37224402 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2207448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mortazavi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Liu J, Yu X, Wang Y, Han Y, Cao Y, Wang Z, Lyu J, Zhou Z, Yan Y, Zheng T. Dispersion characteristics of bioaerosols during treatment of rural solid waste in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121338. [PMID: 36842620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In rural China, the release of bioaerosols containing pathogens from solid waste dumps poses a potential health risk to the local population. Here, we sampled bioaerosols from rural solid waste-treatment in four provinces of northwest China to investigate their emission and dispersion characteristics in order to provide a scientific basis for control and risk reduction of bioaerosols released from rural sanitation facilities. The airborne bioaerosol concentrations and particle size distributions were calculated using an Anderson six-stage airborne microbial sampler and counting with its internal Petri dish culture. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the microbial composition at different sampling sites and to explore possible influencing factors, while the health risk associated with exposure was estimated based on average daily dose-rate. The highest concentration point values of bacteria and fungi in bioaerosols near the solid waste were 63,617 ± 15,007 and 8044 ± 893 CFU/m³, respectively. Furthermore, the highest concentration point values of Enterobacteriaceae was 502 ± 35 CFU/m³. Most bioaerosols were coarse particles larger than 3.3 μm. Potentially pathogenic genera of winter-indicator species detected in the air were primarily Delftia, Rhodococcus and Aspergillus. The composition of solid waste and environmental conditions are important factors in determining the characteristics of bioaerosols. Local residents are exposed to bioaerosols mainly through inhalation. Children are at a particularly high risk of exposure through both inhalation and skin contact. The results of this study show that bioaerosols in the vicinity of rural solid waste dumps pose a health risk to the surrounding population. More suitable risk assessment criteria for rural areas should be established, and corresponding control and protection measures should be taken from three aspects: generation source and transmission pathway, as well as the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xuezheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jinxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Christophe S, Pentieva K, Botsaris G. Knowledge and Practices of Cypriot Bovine Farmers towards Effective and Safe Manure Management. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040293. [PMID: 37104447 PMCID: PMC10146322 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Manure from bovine farms is commonly used as an organic fertiliser. However, if not properly managed, it can spread significant biological and chemical hazards, threatening both human and animal health. The effectiveness of risk control hugely relies on farmers' knowledge regarding safe manure management and on the application of suitable management practices. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and practices of Cypriot bovine farmers towards safer manure management, from its generation to its final use, in line with the One Health approach. Factors affecting farmers' knowledge and applied practices are also investigated through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was developed and sent to all eligible bovine farmers in Cyprus (n = 353), and 30% (n = 105) of them returned the completed questionnaire. Results revealed there are some gaps in farmers' knowledge. The use of manure for fertilising crops dominated. Only half of the farmers stored manure in appropriate facilities, with 28.5% of them using a dedicated area with cement floors and 21.5% utilising leakproof tanks. The majority (65.7%) stored manure for more than three months before its use as a fertiliser in a dried form. In multiple regression analysis, education level and farming purpose were significant determinants of farmer knowledge. In conclusion, Cypriot farmers' knowledge must be reinforced to ensure proper manure management. The results highlight the importance of providing relevant training to farmers. Although the current practices partially decrease manure pathogens, interventions to promote the use of more effective treatment methods, such as biogas transformation and composting, would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - George Botsaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
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Peng S, Luo M, Long D, Liu Z, Tan Q, Huang P, Shen J, Pu S. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and machine learning reveal the bacterial composition of inhalable particles from two different breeding stages in a piggery. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114712. [PMID: 36863163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial loading aggravates the harm of particulate matter (PM) to public health and ecological systems, especially in operations of concentrated animal production. This study aimed to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of bacterial components of inhalable particles at a piggery. The morphology and elemental composition of coarse particles (PM10, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) and fine particles (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) were analyzed. Full-length 16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to identify bacterial components according to breeding stage, particle size, and diurnal rhythm. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to further explore the relationship between bacteria and the environment. The results showed that the morphology of particles in the piggery differed, and the morphologies of the suspected bacterial components were elliptical deposited particles. Full-length 16 S rRNA indicated that most of the airborne bacteria in the fattening and gestation houses were bacilli. The analysis of beta diversity and difference between samples showed that the relative abundance of some bacteria in PM2.5 was significantly higher than that in PM10 at the same pig house (P < 0.01). There were significant differences in the bacterial composition of inhalable particles between the fattening and gestation houses (P < 0.01). The aggregated boosted tree (ABT) model showed that PM2.5 had a great influence on airborne bacteria among air pollutants. Fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST) showed that feces was a major potential source of airborne bacteria in pig houses (contribution 52.64-80.58 %). These results will provide a scientific basis for exploring the potential risks of airborne bacteria in a piggery to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Min Luo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Qiong Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, No. 51, Changlong Avenue, Rong chang District, Chongqing 402460, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for pigs, Chongqing 402460, China.
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11
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Zhang S, Liang Z, Wang X, Ye Z, Li G, An T. Bioaerosols in an industrial park and the adjacent houses: Dispersal between indoor/outdoor, the impact of air purifier, and health risk reduction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107778. [PMID: 36724713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhaling airborne pathogens may cause severe epidemics showing huge threats to indoor dwellings residents. The ventilation, environmental parameters, and human activities would affect the abundance and pathogenicity of bioaerosols in indoor. However, people know little about the indoor airborne microbes especially pathogens near the industrial park polluted with organics and heavy metals. Herein, the indoor bioaerosols' community composition, source and influencing factors near an electronic waste (e-waste) industrial park were investigated. Results showed that the average bioaerosol level in the morning was lower than evening. Bioaerosol concentration and activity in indoor (1936 CFU/m3 and 7.62 × 105 ng/m3 sodium fluorescein in average) were lower than the industrial park (4043 CFU/m3 and 7.77 × 105 ng/m3 sodium fluorescein), and higher microbial viability may be caused by other pollutants generated during e-waste dismantling process. Fluorescent biological aerosol particles occupied 17.6%-23.7% of total particles, indicating that most particles were non-biological. Bacterial communities were richer and more diverse than fungi. Furthermore, Bacillus and Cladosporium were the dominant indoor pathogens, and pathogenic fungi were more influenced by environmental factors than bacteria. SourceTracker analysis indicates that outdoor was the main source of indoor bioaerosols. The hazard quotient (<1) of airborne microbes through inhalation was negligible, but long-term exposure to pathogens could be harmful. Air purifiers could effectively remove the airborne fungi and spheroid bacteria than cylindrical bacteria, but open doors and windows would reduce the purification efficiency. This study is great important for risk assessments and control of indoor bioaerosols near industrial park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhishu Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zikai Ye
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Wei W, Qi J, Yin Y, Gong J, Yao X. Characteristics of inhalable bioaerosols on foggy and hazy days and their deposition in the human respiratory tract. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119593. [PMID: 35680068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric bioaerosols contain live and dead biological components that can enter the human respiratory tract (HRT) and affect human health. Here, the total microorganisms in a coastal megacity, Qingdao, were characterized on the basis of long-term observations from October 2013 to January 2021. Particular attention was given to the size dependence of inhalable bioaerosols in concentration and respiratory deposition in different populations on foggy and hazy days. Bioaerosol samples stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were selected to measure the total airborne microbe (TAM) concentrations with an epifluorescence microscope, while a multiple-path particle dosimetry model was employed to calculate respiratory deposition. The mean TAM concentrations in the particle size range of 0.65-1.1 μm (TAM0.65-1.1) were 1.23, 2.02, 1.60 and 2.33 times those on sunny reference days relative to the corresponding values on days with slight, mild, moderate and severe levels of haze, respectively. The mean concentration of TAMs in the particle size range of 0.65-2.1 μm (TAM0.65-2.1) on severely hazy days was (2.02 ± 3.28) × 105 cells/m3, with a reduction of 4.16% relative to that on the reference days. The mean TAM0.65-2.1 concentration changed from (1.50 ± 1.37) × 105 cells/m3 to (1.76 ± 1.36) × 105 cells/m3, with TAM0.65-1.1 increasing from (7.91 ± 7.97) × 104 cells/m3 to (1.76 ± 1.33) × 105 cells/m3 on days with light fog days and medium fog, respectively. The modeling results showed that the majority of TAM0.65-2.1 deposition occurred in the extrathoracic (ET) region, followed by the alveolar (AL) region. When different populations were examined separately, the deposition doses (DDs) in adult females and in children ranked at the minimum value (6.19 × 103 cells/h) and maximum value (1.08 × 104 cells/h), respectively. However, the inhalation risks on polluted days, such as hazy, foggy and mixed hazy-foggy (HF) days, were still below the threshold for adverse impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yidan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China
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13
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Rocha-Melogno L, Crank KC, Ginn O, Bergin MH, Brown J, Gray GC, Hamilton KA, Bibby K, Deshusses MA. Quantitative microbial risk assessment of outdoor aerosolized pathogens in cities with poor sanitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154233. [PMID: 35245543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aeromicrobiological transmission pathway of enteric pathogens in places with unsafe sanitation services is poorly understood. In an attempt to partly fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the potential public health impact of bioaerosols near open waste canals (OWCs) using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). We used data acquired in La Paz, Bolivia to characterize the risk of disease that aerosolized enteric pathogens may pose through food, fomites and inhalation (all followed by ingestion). Three reference pathogens were selected to conduct the assessment: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Shigella flexneri, and Campylobacter jejuni. Inhalation followed by ingestion had the highest median infection risk per event i.e. 3 × 10-5 (3 infections for every 100,000 exposures), compared to contaminated food e.g. 5 × 10-6 and fomites e.g. 2 × 10-7, all for C. jejuni infections. Our sensitivity analysis showed that bacterial fluxes from the air were the most influential factor on risk. Our results suggest that fecal bacterial aerosols from OWCs present non-negligible risks of infection in La Paz, with median annual infection risks by C. jejuni being 18 (food), and 100 (inhalation) times greater than the EPA's standard for drinking water (1 × 10-4). We included two of the QMRA models presented here in a novel web application we developed for user-specified application in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rocha-Melogno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; ICF, 2635 Meridian Parkway Suite 200, Durham, NC 27713, United States
| | - Katherine C Crank
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Olivia Ginn
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Kerry A Hamilton
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 770 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States; The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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14
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Pu S, Peng S, Zhu J, Liu Z, Long D, Lim T. Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Correlation with Feed, Manure and NH3 in a Pig-Fattening House. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030145. [PMID: 35324770 PMCID: PMC8951050 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5 in pig houses, has received increasing attention due to the potential health risks associated with PM. At present, most studies have analyzed PM2.5 in Chinese pig houses utilizing natural ventilation. These results, however, are strongly affected by the internal structure and regional environment, thus limiting their applicability to non-mechanically ventilated pig houses. This experiment was carried out in an environmentally controlled pig house. The animal feeding operation and manure management in the house were typical for Southwest China. To reduce the influence of various environmental factors on PM2.5, the temperature and humidity in the house were maintained in a relatively stable state by using an environmental control system. The concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was monitored, while the biological contents and chemical composition of PM2.5 were analyzed, and feed, manure, and dust particles were scanned using an electron microscope. Moreover, bacterial and fungal contents and some water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were identified. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was strongly affected by pig activity, and a phenomenon of forming secondary particles in the pig house was found, although the transformation intensity was low. The concentration of PM2.5 had negative correlations of 0.27 and 0.18 with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Interestingly, a stronger correlation was observed between ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations (the concentration of ammonia had stronger positive correlations with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide concentrations at +0.44 and +0.59, respectively). The main potential sources of PM2.5 production were feed and manure. We speculate that manure could contribute to the broken, rough, and angular particles that formed the pig house PM2.5 that easily adhered to other components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Siyi Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
| | - TengTeeh Lim
- Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
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15
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Wu H, Wang Y, Du B, Li H, Dong L, Hu H, Meng L, Zheng N, Wang J. Influence of Dairy Cows Bedding Material on the Microbial Structure and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:830333. [PMID: 35283830 PMCID: PMC8914314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.830333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in milk are among the most important issues related to the safety of dairy products and the health of consumers. However, despite that dairy cow are housed for long periods of time on different beddings, the effect of different bedding materials on the microbiota and presence of ARGs is unclear. In this study, the composition of microorganisms, and the presence of mastitis pathogens and 33 ARGs targeting seven antibiotics in raw milk produced from farms using sand bedding, rice husk bedding, and recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding were compared by amplicon sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the microbial composition of milk was related to the microbiota of bedding. None of the mastitis pathogens were detected in milk from cows housed on sand bedding (S-M). The proportion of ARGs was highest in the S-M group and lowest in the milk from cows housed on RMS bedding (RMS-M) group. In general, the content of ARGs in RMS-M was the lowest, however, the RMS bedding may pose a threat to the breast health of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Zheng,
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiaqi Wang,
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16
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Ding D, Zhu J, Gao Y, Yang F, Ma Y, Cheng X, Li J, Dong P, Yang H, Chen S. Effect of cattle farm exposure on oropharyngeal and gut microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150685. [PMID: 34600986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Livestock farms are recognized as the main sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) with potential implications for human health. In this study, we systematically analyzed microbiome composition, distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the oropharynx and gut of workers in cattle farms and surrounding villagers, cattle feces and farm air, and the relationship of microbial communities among farm air, cattle feces and farmworkers (oropharynx and gut). Exposure to the farm environment may have remodeled farmworkers' oropharynx and gut microbiota, with reduced microbial diversity (P < 0.05) and enrichment of some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria like Shigella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria in the oropharynx. Meanwhile, compared with villagers, ARG abundance in oropharynx of farmworkers increased significantly (P < 0.05), but, no significant difference in gut (P > 0.05). Microbial composition and ARG profile in farmworkers might be influenced by working time and work type, ARG abundance in farmworkers' gut was positively correlated with working time (P < 0.01), and higher ARG abundance was found in the oropharynx of drovers. The network analysis revealed that 4 MGEs (tnpA-01, tnpA-04, Tp614, and IS613), 5 phyla (e.g. Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and TM7), and 6 genera were significantly associated with 37 ARGs (ρ > 0.6, P < 0.01). Overall, our results indicated that farm exposure may have affected the microbial composition and increased ARG abundance of farmworkers. Transmission of some ARGs may have occurred among the environment, animals and humans via host bacteria, which might pose a potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Henan Vocational College of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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17
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Ginn O, Rocha-Melogno L, Bivins A, Lowry S, Cardelino M, Nichols D, Tripathi SN, Soria F, Andrade M, Bergin M, Deshusses MA, Brown J. Detection and Quantification of Enteric Pathogens in Aerosols Near Open Wastewater Canals in Cities with Poor Sanitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14758-14771. [PMID: 34669386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban sanitation infrastructure is inadequate in many low-income countries, leading to the presence of highly concentrated, uncontained fecal waste streams in densely populated areas. Combined with mechanisms of aerosolization, airborne transport of enteric microbes and their genetic material is possible in such settings but remains poorly characterized. We detected and quantified enteric pathogen-associated gene targets in aerosol samples near open wastewater canals (OWCs) or impacted (receiving sewage or wastewater) surface waters and control sites in La Paz, Bolivia; Kanpur, India; and Atlanta, USA, via multiplex reverse-transcription qPCR (37 targets) and ddPCR (13 targets). We detected a wide range of enteric targets, some not previously reported in extramural urban aerosols, with more frequent detections of all enteric targets at higher densities in La Paz and Kanpur near OWCs. We report density estimates ranging up to 4.7 × 102 gc per mair3 across all targets including heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, enteroinvasive E. coli/Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., norovirus, and Cryptosporidium spp. Estimated 25, 76, and 0% of samples containing positive pathogen detects were accompanied by culturable E. coli in La Paz, Kanpur, and Atlanta, respectively, suggesting potential for viability of enteric microbes at the point of sampling. Airborne transmission of enteric pathogens merits further investigation in cities with poor sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ginn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46656, United States
| | - Lucas Rocha-Melogno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- ICF, 2635 Meridian Parkway Suite 200, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46656, United States
| | - Sarah Lowry
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Maria Cardelino
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dennis Nichols
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sachchida Nand Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering & Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Freddy Soria
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz 4807, Bolivia
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz 1995, Bolivia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mike Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Deparment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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18
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Akpeimeh GF, Fletcher LA, Evans BE, Ibanga IE. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of Workers Exposure to Bioaerosols at MSW Open Dumpsites. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2021; 41:1911-1924. [PMID: 33385185 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioaerosol exposure data from the study by Akpeimeh, Fletcher, and Evans (2019) was used to compute the risk of infection from the exposure of dumpsite workers to Aspergillus fumigatus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. A stochastic (Markov Chain) model was used to model the transport of the inhaled dose though the human respiratory system and then integrated into the beta-Poisson dose-response model to estimate workers risks of respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) infection. The infection risk was computed based on workers exposure to E. coli O157:H7 at 10-50% pathogen ingestion rate and pathogen-indicator ratio (P:I) of 1:103 and 1:104 , while exposure to A. fumigatus was based solely on the average initial exposure dose. The results showed that after 11 hours of exposure, workers engaged in scavenging, waste sorting, and site monitoring were at risk of respiratory and GI infection in the magnitude of 10-1 . However, the risk estimates associated with specific areas of the dumpsite showed that, the risk of GI infection at the active area ranged between 3.23 × 10-3 -1.56 × 10-2 and 3.25 × 10-4 -1.62 × 10-3 ; dormant area 2.06 × 10-3 -1.01 × 10-2 and 2.09 × 10-4 -1.04 × 10-3 ; entrance 1.85 × 10-3 -9.09 × 10-3 and 1.87 × 10-4 -9.27 × 10-4 ; boundary 1.82 × 10-3 -8.82 × 10-3 and 2.09 × 10-4 -8.94 × 10-4 for P:I = 1:103 and 1:104 respectively, while the risk of respiratory infection risks were in the magnitude of 10-1 for all four locations. The estimated risk of workers developing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections were high for all activities assessed at the dumpsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Akpeimeh
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - L A Fletcher
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - B E Evans
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - I E Ibanga
- School of Design, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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19
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Atmospheric dispersion and transmission of Legionella from wastewater treatment plants: A 6-year case-control study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113811. [PMID: 34311418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Legionnaires Disease incidence has risen in the Netherlands in recent years. For the majority of the cases, the source of infection is never identified. Two Dutch wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have previously been identified as source of outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease (LD) among local residents. The objective of this study is to examine if LD patients in the Netherlands are more exposed to aerosols originating from WWTPs than controls. METHODS An atmospheric dispersion model was used to generate nationwide exposure maps of aerosols from 776 WWTPs in the Netherlands. Municipal sewage treatment plants and industrial WWTPs were both included. Exposure of LD cases and controls at the residential address was compared, in a matched case-control design using a conditional logistic regression. Cases were notified LD cases with onset of disease in the period 2013-2018 in the Netherlands (n = 1604). RESULTS Aerosols dispersed over a large part of the Netherlands, but modelled concentrations are estimated to be elevated in close proximity to WWTPs. A statistically significant association was found between LD and the calculated annual average aerosol concentrations originating from WWTPs (odds-ratio: 1.32 (1.06-1.63)). This association remained significant when the two outbreak-related WWTPs were removed from the analysis (odds-ratio: 1.28 (1.03-1.58)). CONCLUSION LD cases were more exposed to aerosols from WWTPs than controls. This indicates that exposure to aerosols dispersed from WWTPs caused Legionnaires Disease in residents living near WWTPs in the period 2013-2018. In order to investigate which characteristics of WWTPs are associated with an increased LD risk, the WWTP database should be updated and more data is needed on the presence and survival of aerosolized Legionella bacteria to improve the Legionella dispersion modelling. Furthermore, it is recommended to further investigate how aerosol dispersion of WWTPs can effectively be reduced in order to reduce the potential health risk.
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20
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Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15001. [PMID: 34294794 PMCID: PMC8298528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg-1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO2 + NH3 promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36-83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO2 + NH3, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH3 + CO2, is equivalent to 11,732-42,232 Mg N year-1, valued at 6-21.5 million USD year-1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO2 + NH3 can offset 23-82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.
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21
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Zhang X, Ji Z, Yue Y, Liu H, Wang J. Infection Risk Assessment of COVID-19 through Aerosol Transmission: a Case Study of South China Seafood Market. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4123-4133. [PMID: 32543176 PMCID: PMC7323058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading throughout the world. Aerosol is a potential transmission route. We conducted the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to evaluate the aerosol transmission risk by using the South China Seafood Market as an example. The key processes were integrated, including viral shedding, dispersion, deposition in air, biologic decay, lung deposition, and the infection risk based on the dose-response model. The available hospital bed for COVID-19 treatment per capita (1.17 × 10-3) in Wuhan was adopted as a reference for manageable risk. The median risk of a customer to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection via the aerosol route after 1 h of exposure in the market with one infected shopkeeper was about 2.23 × 10-5 (95% confidence interval: 1.90 × 10-6 to 2.34 × 10-4). The upper bound could increase and become close to the manageable risk with multiple infected shopkeepers. More detailed risk assessment should be conducted in poorly ventilated markets with multiple infected cases. The uncertainties were mainly due to the limited information on the dose-response relation and the viral shedding which need further studies. The risk rapidly decreased outside the market due to the dilution by ambient air and became below 10-6 at 5 m away from the exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
(IfU), ETH Zürich, Zürich,
CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical
Technologies, Empa, Dübendorf,
CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Ji
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
(IfU), ETH Zürich, Zürich,
CH-8093, Switzerland
- School of Geography and Tourism,
Shaanxi Normal University,
Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
- International Joint
Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and
Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an, Shaanxi
710119, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
(IfU), ETH Zürich, Zürich,
CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical
Technologies, Empa, Dübendorf,
CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
(IfU), ETH Zürich, Zürich,
CH-8093, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering
(IfU), ETH Zürich, Zürich,
CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical
Technologies, Empa, Dübendorf,
CH-8600, Switzerland
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22
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Yan C, Gui ZC, Wu JT. Quantitative microbial risk assessment of bioaerosols in a wastewater treatment plant by using two aeration modes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8140-8150. [PMID: 33051848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonnegligible emission of bioaerosols usually occurs during aeration of wastewater in aerator tanks in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Literature had shown that the respiratory and intestinal diseases of workers at WWTPs are related to bioaerosols. Thus, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) based on Monte Carlo simulation was utilized in this research to assess the health risks of Gram-negative bacteria bioaerosol (GNBB) and Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol (SAB) among academic visitors and staffs. Results showed that the concentrations of GNBB and SAB in the inverted umbrella aeration mode were consistently higher than those in the microporous aeration mode under all six size distribution ranges of the Anderson six-stage impactor. Thus, GNBB and SAB can be highly threatening to the weasand and first bronchus (or alveoli and third bronchus) for the exposure populations. The health risks (annual probability of infection (Py) and disease burden (DB)) of males were constantly higher than those of females for each certain exposure scenario. The health risks of staffs were higher than those of academic visitors when assessed by Monte Carlo simulation. The wearing of mask is an effective measure to minimize health risks through reducing the bioaerosol concentration intake. Especially, for the academic visitors and staffs exposed to GNBB, all their DB failed to meet the World Health Organization DB benchmark under various credible intervals when they were without a mask on. In a word, the results of health risk assessment in this research can be utilized as an educational tool and policy basis to facilitate the implementation of efficacious prevention measures to protect the public health from bioaerosol health threats in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Cheng Gui
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ting Wu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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23
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Li P, Li L, Wang Y, Zheng T, Liu J. Characterization, factors, and UV reduction of airborne bacteria in a rural wastewater treatment station. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141811. [PMID: 32882567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols containing pathogens released from wastewater will pose potential health risks to workers on site. The emission of airborne bacteria from a rural wastewater treatment station and their inactivation by ultraviolet were investigated in this study. High-throughput sequencing technique was utilized to assay airborne bacterial population while the health risks associated with airborne bacteria exposure were estimated based on average daily dose rates. The recorded emission level of airborne bacteria in the air surrounding the multi-point inlet contact oxidation bioreactor (MTB) was 4795 ± 1475 CFU/m3, containing 2233 ± 471 CFU/m3 of intestinal bacteria, and most of them (70.3%) was coarse particles with size over 2.1 μm. Wind disturbance had significant effects on the diffusion and particle size distribution of the bioaerosols emitted from MTB. The identified opportunistic pathogens in bioaerosols were Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Achromobacter sp., and Curtobacterium sp. They were originated in the water and active sludge in MTB. Inhalation was one of the main ways through which onsite workers were exposed to airborne bacteria. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation caused an apparent decrease in the level of bioaerosols in the air, thereby indicating that it can be utilized as an effective method for the reducing of bioaerosols. This study aims to provide preliminary data for the bioaerosols control in rural wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA14YQ, UK.
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Gladding TL, Rolph CA, Gwyther CL, Kinnersley R, Walsh K, Tyrrel S. Concentration and composition of bioaerosol emissions from intensive farms: Pig and poultry livestock. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111052. [PMID: 32669254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive farming is widespread throughout the UK and yet the health effects of bioaerosols which may be generated by these sites are currently not well researched. A scoping study was established to measure bioaerosols emitted from intensive pig (n = 3) and poultry farms (n = 3) during the period 2014-2015. The concentration of culturable mesophilic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., and fungi selecting for presumptive Aspergillus fumigatus were measured using single-stage impaction Andersen samplers, whilst endotoxin and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan was undertaken using inhalable personal samplers. Particulate matter concentration was determined using an optical particulate monitor. Results showed that culturable bacteria, fungi, presumptive Staphylococcus aureus (confirmed only as Staphylococcus spp.) and endotoxin concentrations were elevated above background concentrations for distances of up to 250 m downwind of the source. Of all the culturable bioaerosols measured, bacteria and Staphylococcus spp. were identified as the most significant, exceeding published or proposed bioaerosol guidelines in the UK. In particular, culturable Staphylococcus spp. downwind was at least 61 times higher than background at the boundary and at least 8 times higher 70m downwind on the four farms tested. This research represents a novel dataset of intensive farm emissions within the UK. Future research should exploit the use of innovative culture-independent methods such as next generation sequencing to develop deeper insights into the make-up of microbial communities emitted from intensive farming facilities and which would better inform species of interest from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Gladding
- The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - C A Rolph
- The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - C L Gwyther
- The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R Kinnersley
- The Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, UK
| | - K Walsh
- The Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, UK
| | - S Tyrrel
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
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25
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Rocha-Melogno L, Ginn O, Bailey ES, Soria F, Andrade M, Bergin MH, Brown J, Gray GC, Deshusses MA. Bioaerosol sampling optimization for community exposure assessment in cities with poor sanitation: A one health cross-sectional study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139495. [PMID: 32425257 PMCID: PMC7233250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of exposure to enteric pathogens through the air and associated risk of infection is scarce in the literature outside of animal- or human-waste handling settings. Cities with poor sanitation are important locations to investigate this aerial exposure pathway as their rapid growth will pose unprecedented challenges in waste management. To address this issue, simple surveillance methods are needed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to optimize a community exposure bioaerosol surveillance strategy for urban outdoor locations with poor sanitation, and to determine which bioaerosols could contribute to exposure. Passive and active bioaerosol sampling methods were used to characterize the fate and transport of sanitation-related bioaerosols during the rainy and dry seasons in La Paz, Bolivia. Median coliform bacteria fluxes were 71 CFU/(m2 × h) during the rainy season and 64 CFU/(m2 × h) during the dry season, with 38% of the dry season samples testing positive for E. coli. Wind speed, relative humidity and UVB irradiance were identified as significant covariates to consider in bioaerosol transport models in La Paz. Active sampling yielded one positive sample (10%) for human adenovirus (HadV) and one sample (10%) for influenza A virus during the rainy season. HadV was detected at the site with the highest bacterial flux. Four samples (8%) were positive for influenza A virus in the dry season. These findings suggest that aerosols can contribute to community exposure to potentially pathogenic microorganisms in cities with poor sanitation. The use of passive sampling, despite its limitations, can provide quantitative data on microorganisms' viability within realistic timeframes of personal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rocha-Melogno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Olivia Ginn
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Emily S Bailey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Freddy Soria
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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26
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Li X, Chen H, Yao M. Microbial emission levels and diversities from different land use types. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105988. [PMID: 32717647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosol particles, originated from many different earth ground sources, have unique health impacts, including respiratory infections, allergic reactions, and toxic effects. Here, we applied a portable high-flow sampler HighBioTrap to collect and investigate bioaerosol emissions from 13 different land types (forest, wetland, lake, bare soil, cropland, wastewater treatment facility, street, livestock farm, smeltery and garden) that are heavily or less affected by humans. Plate cultivation, real-time quantitative PCR analysis (q-PCR) and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis were used to characterize bacterial and fungal levels as well as their community structures emitted from different land use types. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in biological emission levels (up to 100-fold difference) and diversity among different land use types. Cropland, sewage plant street and smeltery heavily affected by human activities were found to exhibit higher bioaerosol emission levels, with Massilia genus detected as the dominant species. In contrast, some land types (lakes, forests, gardens, and wetland) less affected by humans were found to emit lower bioaerosol levels but with higher culturability, e.g., up to 16% for wetland. In addition, the microbiological structures of these land-use types usually had higher species richness and diversity, yet different dominant species. For some land types such as streets in Beijing, the microbial community appeared to be skewed with an over 80% relative abundance of a specific dominant species such as Massilia. Other detected dominant species also included Acinetobacter and Brevundimonas for street, and Sphingomonas for wetland. For fungal community, Naganishia, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aureobasidium were detected to be most abundant. RDA analysis showed metals and ions could to some extent affect the microbial community structures. This work highlights that the human activities could substantially affect the airborne microbiota, which in turn could affect local human health and ecosystems. On the other hand, the results here provide important references for quantitatively estimating the microbial emissions from the earth into the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoxuan Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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27
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Xu P, Zhang C, Mou X, Wang XC. Bioaerosol in a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant: concentration, size distribution, and health risk assessment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1547-1559. [PMID: 33107849 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An investigation on bioaerosol in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Xi'an, China, was conducted to understand the characteristics of bioaerosol released from wastewater and sludge treatment facilities because the bioaerosols may pose a threat to human health. Using the Andersen impactor sampler collection and colony-counting method, bioaerosol concentrations and size distributions were detected. The risk quotient method was used to evaluate the health risks associated with inhalation of bioaerosol for WWTP staff, based on the average daily dose rates of exposure. The health risk in relation to Legionella pneumophila was quantitatively calculated using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), based on the assumption of the percentage. The maximum concentration of airborne bacteria (3,767 ± 280 colony forming units (CFU)/m3) and fungi (8,775 ± 406 CFU/m3) occurred from the aerated grit chamber and sludge thickening house, respectively, which all exceeded 500 CFU/m3 as the acceptable guideline proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The particle size of airborne bacteria was mainly distributed in the first three stages (>3.3 µm), while that of airborne fungi was from the second to the fourth stage (2.1-7.0 µm). The hazard index exposure to bioaerosol for adult males and females by inhalation were higher than 1. The proportion of L. pneumophila should be strictly controlled below 10-8, based on the QMRA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Chongmiao Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China E-mail:
| | - Xiao Mou
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China E-mail:
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28
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Maffia J, Balsari P, Padoan E, Ajmone-Marsan F, Ricauda Aimonino D, Dinuccio E. Evaluation of particulate matter (PM 10) emissions and its chemical characteristics during rotary harrowing operations at different forward speeds and levelling bar heights. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115041. [PMID: 32593925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant which poses a considerable risk to human health. The agricultural sector is responsible of the 15% of the total anthropogenic emissions of PM10 (PM fraction with aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm) and soil preparation activities have been recognized as one of the main drivers of this contribution. The emission factors (EF) proposed by European environmental agency (EEA) for tilling operations are based on very few studies, none of which has been made in Italy. Moreover, few studies have considered the influence of operative parameters on PM10 emissions during tilling. The aim of this work was to assess PM10 emission and dispersion during rotary harrowing and to understand how operative parameters, such as forward speed and implement choice may affect PM release. A further objective was to assess the near field dispersion of PM10 to address exposure risks. Emission factors (EFs) were determined during two different trials (T1 and T2). During T1, the effect of tractor speeds (0.6, 1.1 and 1.7 m s-1) on PM10 emissions was investigated, while in T2 a comparative essay was made to study the influence of levelling bar height on emissions. The average ground level downwind concentrations of PM10 during harrowing operation was estimated through dispersion modelling. The observed PM10 EFs for rotary harrowing were 8.9 ± 2.0 mg m-2 and 9.5 ± 2.5 mg m-2 on T1 and T2, respectively. The heavy metal content of soil-generated PM10 was also assessed. In the generated PM, the elemental concentrations were higher than ones in soil. As, Cd and Ni concentration levels, determined in PM10 near to the tractor path, were also high, being several times higher than the annual average regulatory threshold levels in ambient air, as defined by the European regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Maffia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Paolo Balsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elio Padoan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Franco Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Davide Ricauda Aimonino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elio Dinuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Wu C, Yang F, Brancher M, Liu J, Qu C, Piringer M, Schauberger G. Determination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial dairy farm with an exercise yard and the health-related impact for residents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37684-37698. [PMID: 32608005 PMCID: PMC7496066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have the potential to pose a risk to human health and the environment. Here, we present an assessment of the emission, dispersion, and health-related impact of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from a 300-head, full-scale dairy farm with an exercise yard in Beijing, China. By monitoring the referred gas emissions with a dynamic flux chamber for seven consecutive days, we examined their emission rates. An annual hourly emission time series was constructed on the basis of the measured emission rates and a release modification model. The health risk of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions around the dairy farm was then determined using atmospheric dispersion modeling and exposure risk assessment. The body mass-related mean emission factors of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 2.13 kg a-1 AU-1 and 24.9 g a-1 AU-1, respectively (one animal unit (AU) is equivalent to 500 kg body mass). A log-normal distribution fitted well to ammonia emission rates. Contour lines of predicted hourly mean concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were mainly driven by the meteorological conditions. The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide at the fence line were below 10 μg m-3 and 0.04 μg m-3, respectively, and were 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the current Chinese air quality standards for such pollutants. Moreover, the cumulative non-carcinogenic risks (HI) of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 4 orders of magnitudes lower than the acceptable risk levels (HI = 1). Considering a health risk criterion of 1E-4, the maximum distance from the farm fence line to meet this criterion was nearly 1000 m towards north-northeast. The encompassed area of the contour lines of the ambient concentration of ammonia is much larger than that of hydrogen sulfide. However, the contour lines of the ammonia health risk are analogous to those of hydrogen sulfide. In general, the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from the dairy farm are unlikely to cause any health risks for the population living in the neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Marlon Brancher
- WG Environmental Health, Unit for Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Martin Piringer
- Department of Environmental Meteorology, Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Schauberger
- WG Environmental Health, Unit for Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Park EH, Heo J, Kim H, Yi SM. The major chemical constituents of PM 2.5 and airborne bacterial community phyla in Beijing, Seoul, and Nagasaki. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126870. [PMID: 32353811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particle (PM2.5) samples were collected in three East Asian cities (Beijing, China; Seoul, South Korea; Nagasaki, Japan) from December 2014 to November 2015 to quantitatively investigate airborne bacteria at the phylum level. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria represented the top five airborne bacterial phyla in all three cities. The most dominant airborne phylum, Proteobacteria, was more prevalent during the winter (at rates of 67.2%, 79.9%, and 87.0% for Beijing, Seoul, and Nagasaki, respectively). Correlations among airborne bacteria and environmental factors including PM2.5, its major chemical constituents, and meteorological factors were calculated. Temperature correlated negatively with Proteobacteria but positively with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Cyanobacteria correlated positively with particulate NO3- and SO42- levels in Beijing (R = 0.46 and R = 0.35 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively) but negatively in Seoul (R = -0.14 and R = -0.19 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively) and Nagasaki (R = -0.05 and R = -0.03 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively). Backward trajectory analysis was applied for 72 h and three clusters were classified in each city. Five dominant bacteria and other bacterial groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in local clustering, as compared to the long-range transport clusters from Beijing. The proportions of the five bacterial phyla in Seoul were significantly different in each cluster. A local cluster in Nagasaki had higher ratios of all major airborne bacterial phyla, except Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Park
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10087, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Busan Developmet Institute, 955 Jungangdae-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47210, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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31
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Hsiao TC, Lin AYC, Lien WC, Lin YC. Size distribution, biological characteristics and emerging contaminants of aerosols emitted from an urban wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121809. [PMID: 31843411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid exchange process could spread pathogens and pharmaceutical emerging pollutants into the air as aerosol particles in an Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs). These particles can later be transported to places where such pollution is unforeseen. In this study, measurements were conducted in the aeration area of a UWTP in northern Taiwan. According to this investigation, nanoparticles are major contributors to both the number and volume concentration of particles. Most fluorescent particles may be bacterial aggregates or fungal species. Moreover, nine common emerging contaminants were analyzed and found in both air and water samples. Among these contaminants, the most abundant chemicals in the air were erythromycin-H2O (191.45 pg/m3) and methamphetamine (39.02 pg/m3). These results imply that UWTPs could be an emission source of emerging contaminants and bioaerosols, and the potential risk of inhalation exposure should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Lien
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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32
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Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Shen D, Dai P, Li Y, Li C. Seasonal variations of microbial assemblage in fine particulate matter from a nursery pig house. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134921. [PMID: 31771854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms contained in PM2.5 from livestock houses can spread over long distances through airborne transmission. As such, the potential bacterial pathogens and fungal allergens within can pose a formidable threat to nearby residents' health and the overall environment. However, little is known about the microbial assemblage contained in PM2.5 from pig houses. In this study, 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial and fungal assemblage contained in PM2.5 from a nursery pig house across four seasons, respectively. The results showed that alpha diversity was higher in summer and autumn compared to the spring and winter. The bacterial and fungal assemblage varied according to season. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria and fungi were Firmicutes and Basidiomycota, respectively, across the four seasons. At the genus level, a total of five potential bacterial pathogen and 20 potential fungal allergen genera were identified across the samples. The most abundant bacterial pathogen and fungal allergen genera were observed in summer and autumn, respectively, but neither had a significant correlation with PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, microbial diversity and the relative abundance of fungal allergen genera were positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity. It can be concluded that microbial diversity and assemblage varied significantly among the seasons in a nursery pig house, and this can be useful in exploring the potential risks of PM2.5 from pig houses across all four seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ouyang W, Gao B, Cheng H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lin C, Chen J. Airborne bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance gene dynamics in PM 2.5 during rainfall. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105318. [PMID: 31726367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biotoxicity and public health effects of airborne bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are being increasingly recognized. The characteristics of bacterial community composition and ARGs in PM2.5 under different rainfall conditions were studied based on the on-site synchronous measurements in downtown Beijing. Marked differences were evident in the bacterial community characteristics of PM2.5 before, during, and after rain events (p < 0.05). The rain intensities affected the bacterial community abundance in PM2.5 and heavy rain had greater washing effects. The Proteobacteria (phylum level), α-Proteobacteria (class level), Pseudomonadales (order level), Pseudomonadaceae (family level), and Cyanobacteria (genus level) were the dominant bacterial taxa associated with PM2.5 in Beijing during rain events. However, the bacteria at each level that displayed the biggest percentage variance was not the dominant type under different rain intensities. The ermB, tetW, and mphE genes were the primary ARGs, with abundances of 18 to 30 copies/m3, which was a relatively smaller value than other observations. Real-time monitoring of the meteorological condition of rain events and physicochemical properties of PM2.5 were used to identify the main factors during rainfall. The bacterial community was sensitive to the ionic and metal element components of PM2.5 during rainfall. The abundance of ARGs was closely correlated with some groups of the bacterial community, which were also close to the initial value before the rain. Statistical analysis demonstrated that temperature, relative humidity, and duration of rain were the primary meteorological factors for the biological characteristics. The ionic species, rather than metal elements, in PM2.5 were the sensitive factors for the bacteria community and ARGs, which varied at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels. The observations provide insights for the biological risk assessment in an urban rainfall water and the potential health impact on citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Yang K, Wang C, Xue S, Li W, Liu J, Li L. The identification, health risks and olfactory effects assessment of VOCs released from the wastewater storage tank in a pesticide plant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109665. [PMID: 31520952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated during pesticide synthesis is a potential source of high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, which would cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Here, we provided a comprehensive study on concentrations, health risks, and olfactory effects of VOCs emitted from a pesticide wastewater storage tank. A total of 21 VOCs were identified, their concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 5023.83 μg/m3. Chlorinated compounds such as trichloroethylene (mean = 2581.29 μg/m3) and dichloromethane (mean = 2309.55 μg/m3) presented the highest concentrations. Both the cumulative chronic toxicities (514) and cancer risks (1.67 × 10-3) of VOCs were up to three orders of magnitude higher than the occupational safety limits. Trichloroethylene contributed the greatest to the cumulative chronic toxicities (88.41%) and cancer risks (74.91%). Benzene was another compound with a high cancer risk of 3.32 × 10-4. Regarding olfactory effects, triethylamine and diethylamine were the dominant contributors with a relative olfactory perception importance of 39.93% and 34.26%, respectively. The results of fuzzy synthetic evaluation revealed that benzene, diethylamine, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, and triethylamine were the priority compounds caused the overall pollution levels, health risks, and olfactory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Fujian Provincial Colleges and University Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Utilization, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, 364012, China.
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Xu J, Jia C, He J, Xu H, Tang YT, Ji D, Yu H, Xiao H, Wang C. Biomass burning and fungal spores as sources of fine aerosols in Yangtze River Delta, China - Using multiple organic tracers to understand variability, correlations and origins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:155-165. [PMID: 31078087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Research is restricted regarding impacts of biomass burning (BB) on fine aerosol (PM2.5), due mainly to lack of specific BB tracers. This study aims to characterize the variability, distributions, and contributions of BB and fungal spores as sources of PM2.5 using a multiple organic tracer approach. PM2.5 samples were collected at four representative sites in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China every 6 days for one year. In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for three anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan), two sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol), water-soluble inorganic ions, and elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC). Levoglucosan was the most abundant BB tracer (mean concentration = 81 ng/m3), and fungal spore tracers arabitol and mannitol had similar abundances (5.6 and 5.7 ng/m3, respectively). Anhydrides and sugar alcohols had high within-group correlations, indicating their respective common sources. Concentrations of tracers displayed large temporal variations but small spatial variations, suggesting strong seasonality in BB and fungal spore sources. BB sources were burning of grass, pine needles, hardwood and crop straw, which were originated from transboundary/cross-region transport and local fire spots. PCA analyses revealed that the common sources of fine aerosols in YRD were secondary inorganic aerosols, soil dust, BB and fungal spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsha Xu
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre (IDIC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Jun He
- International Doctoral Innovation Centre (IDIC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Honghui Xu
- Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Proteomic Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Airborne Bioaerosols in Indoor and Outdoor Environment in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Rehman KU, Ur Rehman R, Somroo AA, Cai M, Zheng L, Xiao X, Ur Rehman A, Rehman A, Tomberlin JK, Yu Z, Zhang J. Enhanced bioconversion of dairy and chicken manure by the interaction of exogenous bacteria and black soldier fly larvae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:75-83. [PMID: 30780056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Generation of insects' biomass from lignocellulose rich organic wastes is of significant challenges in reducing the environmental impact of wastes and in sustaining feed and food security. This research looked at the effects of lignocellulotic exogenous bacteria in the black soldier fly (BSF) organic waste conversion system for biomass production and lignocellulose biodegradation of dairy and chicken manures. Six exogenous bacteria were investigated for cellulolytic activity with carboxymethyl cellulose and found that these tested bacterial strains degrade the cellulose. In this study; a co-conversion process using Hermetia illucens larvae to convert the previously studied best mixing ratio of dairy manure (DM) and chicken manure (CHM) (2:3) and cellulose degrading bacteria was established to enhance the larval biomass production, waste reduction and manure nutrient degradation. BSF larvae assisted by MRO2 (R5) has the best outcome measures: survival rate (99.1%), development time (19.0 d), manure reduction rate (48.7%), bioconversion rate (10.8%), food conversion ratio (4.5), efficiency of conversion of ingestion (22.3), cellulose (72.9%), hemicellulose (68.5%), lignin (32.8%), and nutrient utilization (protein, 71.2% and fat, 67.8%). By analyzing the fiber structural changes by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), we assume that exogenous bacteria assist the BSF larvae that trigger lead to structural and chemical modification of fibers. We hypothesized that these surface and textural changes are beneficial to the associated gut bacteria, thereby helping to larval growth and reduce waste. The finding of the investigation showed that enhanced conversion of DM and CHM by BSF larvae assisted with lignocellulotic exogenous bacteria could play key role in the manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Aziz Somroo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Abdul Rehman
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Yang K, Li L, Wang Y, Xue S, Han Y, Liu J. Airborne bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant: Emission characterization, source analysis and health risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:596-606. [PMID: 30522052 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major sources of airborne bacteria, which could pose health risks to WWTP workers and surrounding residents. In this study, air samples were collected from various treatment facilities of a typical WWTP. Community compositions of airborne bacteria were identified by high-throughput sequencing technique. SourceTracker was used to determine the percentages of airborne bacteria from wastewater, sludge, ambient air, and other environment. Health risks associated with airborne bacteria were estimated based on the average daily dose rates (ADD) of exposure by inhalation and skin contact. Concentrations of airborne bacteria varied in a wide range of 23-4878 CFU/m3. The main emission sources of airborne bacteria were treatment facilities with aeration, mechanical agitation, and located indoors. For treatment facilities located indoors, higher percentages of airborne bacteria were associated with wastewater and sludge, while more airborne bacteria were originated from the ambient air for outdoor installations. Opportunistic pathogens such as Micrococcus, Bacteroides, Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter, were detected in airborne bacteria. Inhalation was the main pathway for on-site workers exposure to airborne bacteria. Due to the presence of opportunistic pathogens, strict control measures should be employed in WWTPs to reduce the infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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39
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Mirskaya E, Agranovski IE. Sources and mechanisms of bioaerosol generation in occupational environments. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:739-758. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1508125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Druckenmüller K, Günther K, Elbers G. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a tool to monitor exhaust air from poultry operations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:536-543. [PMID: 29486446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive poultry operation systems emit a considerable volume of inorganic and organic matter in the surrounding environment. Monitoring cleaning properties of exhaust air cleaning systems and to detect small but significant changes in emission characteristics during a fattening cycle is important for both emission and fattening process control. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric techniques as a monitoring tool of exhaust air from poultry operation systems. To generate a high-quality data set for evaluation, the exhaust air of two poultry houses was sampled by applying state-of-the-art filter sampling protocols. The two stables were identical except for one crucial difference, the presence or absence of an exhaust air cleaning system. In total, twenty-one exhaust air samples were collected at the two sites to monitor spectral differences caused by the cleaning device, and to follow changes in exhaust air characteristics during a fattening period. The total dust load was analyzed by gravimetric determination and included as a response variable in multivariate data analysis. The filter samples were directly measured with NIR spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and factor analysis (FA) were effective in classifying the NIR exhaust air spectra according to fattening day and origin. The results indicate that the dust load and the composition of exhaust air (inorganic or organic matter) substantially influence the NIR spectral patterns. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy as a tool is a promising and very rapid way to detect differences between exhaust air samples based on still not clearly defined circumstances triggered during a fattening period and the availability of an exhaust air cleaning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Druckenmüller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Günther
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Gereon Elbers
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Campus Jülich, Germany.
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41
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Grout L, Hales S, French N, Baker MG. A Review of Methods for Assessing the Environmental Health Impacts of an Agricultural System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071315. [PMID: 29937499 PMCID: PMC6069469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Global agricultural production is projected to increase substantially in the coming decades. Agricultural production provides food and materials crucial to human survival and well-being and is a critical source of livelihood, providing employment opportunities and economic benefits. However, industrialized or intensified agricultural systems, in particular, can have adverse effects on public health, place pressure on natural resources, and reduce environmental sustainability. This review attempts to identify and characterize key environmental health assessment methods for examining a broad array of potential impacts; (2) Methods: Electronic databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and GreenLINE were searched for published literature that presented methods for conducting an environmental health assessment of an agricultural system; (3) Results: Fifty-three sources were included in the review. Eight methods were selected to illustrate the wide range of approaches currently available: health risk assessment methods, health impact assessment, environmental impact assessment methods, environmental burden of disease, lifecycle methods, integrated assessment modeling, trade-off analysis, and economic assessment; (4) Conclusions: This review can provide guidance for selecting an existing method or for designing a new method for assessing the environmental health impacts of an agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Grout
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Nigel French
- Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Michael G Baker
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
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42
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Du P, Du R, Ren W, Lu Z, Fu P. Seasonal variation characteristic of inhalable microbial communities in PM 2.5 in Beijing city, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:308-315. [PMID: 28806548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi are primary constituents of airborne microbes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and significantly impact human health. However, hitherto, seasonal variation and effect of air pollution on microbial community composition and structure are poorly understood. This study analyzed the bacterial and fungal composition of PM2.5 under different air pollution levels during different seasons in Beijing. We altogether collected 75PM2.5 samples during four seasons from April 2014 to January 2015, under different air pollution levels and employed high-throughput sequencing methods to analyze microbial composition. The results showed that air pollution decreased species richness and community diversity of bacteria in PM2.5. The variation in bacterial and fungal community composition and structure was significantly related to the season but there was no correlation between their abundance and pollution levels. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were more abundant in winter than other seasons. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates seasonal variation characteristics of bacteria and fungi in PM2.5 in heavy haze contaminated areas and highlights the effects of air pollution on the atmospheric microbial community. This study would be useful to other bioaerosol studies focusing on the role of the atmospheric particulate matter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weishan Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zedong Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- State Key of Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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43
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Healy MG, Fenton O, Cormican M, Peyton DP, Ordsmith N, Kimber K, Morrison L. Antimicrobial compounds (triclosan and triclocarban) in sewage sludges, and their presence in runoff following land application. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:448-453. [PMID: 28458228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated municipal sewage ('biosolids') on land is an effective method to divert waste away from landfill and to use an alternative, low cost method of fertilisation. While legislation has mainly focused on the control of nutrient and metal application rates to land, other potentially harmful emerging contaminants (ECs) may be present in biosolids. Up to 80% of municipal sewage sludge is reused in agriculture in Ireland, which is currently the highest rate of reuse in Europe. However, unlike other countries, no study has been conducted on the presence of ECs across a range of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in this country. This study evaluated the concentrations of two ECs in sewage sludge, the antimicrobials triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), and their presence in surface runoff following land application in controlled rainfall simulation studies. In 16 WWTPs, concentrations of TCS and TCC were 0.61 and 0.08µgg-1, which is at the lower end of concentrations measured in other countries. The concentrations in runoff post land application were also mainly below the limits of detection (90ngL-1 for TCS, 6ngL-1 for TCC), indicating that runoff is not a significant pathway of entry into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - M Cormican
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - D P Peyton
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Teagasc Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - N Ordsmith
- Crawford Scientific Ltd., Holm Street, Strathaven, South Lanarkshire, ML10 6NB, Scotland, United Kingdom; Hall Analytical Laboratories Ltd., Unit A, Millbrook Business Centre, Floats Road, Manchester M23 9YJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - K Kimber
- Crawford Scientific Ltd., Holm Street, Strathaven, South Lanarkshire, ML10 6NB, Scotland, United Kingdom; Hall Analytical Laboratories Ltd., Unit A, Millbrook Business Centre, Floats Road, Manchester M23 9YJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - L Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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44
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Druckenmüller K, Gärtner A, Jäckel U, Klug K, Schiffels J, Günther K, Elbers G. Development of a methodological approach for the characterization of bioaerosols in exhaust air from pig fattening farms with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:974-983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Schaeffer JW, Reynolds S, Magzamen S, VanDyke A, Gottel NR, Gilbert JA, Owens SM, Hampton-Marcell JT, Volckens J. Size, Composition, and Source Profiles of Inhalable Bioaerosols from Colorado Dairies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6430-6440. [PMID: 28492313 PMCID: PMC9552963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter emissions from agricultural livestock operations contain both chemical and biological constituents that represent a potential human health hazard. The size and composition of these dusts, however, have not been well described. We evaluated the full size distribution (from 0 to 100 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and chemical/biological composition of inhalable dusts inside several Colorado dairy parlors. Four aerodynamic size fractions (<3, 3-10, 10-30, and >30 μm) were collected and analyzed using a combination of physiochemical techniques to understand the structure of bacterial communities and chemical constituents. Airborne particulate mass followed a bimodal size distribution (one mode at 3 μm and a second above 30 μm), which also correlated with the relative concentrations of the following microbiological markers: bacterial endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, and muramic acid. Sequencing of the 16S-rRNA components of this aerosol revealed a microbiome derived predominantly from animal sources. Bacterial genera included Staphlyococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, all of which have proinflammatory and pathogenic capacity. Our results suggest that the size distribution of bioaerosols emitted by dairy operations extends well above 10 μm in diameter and contains a diverse mixture of potentially hazardous constituents and opportunistic pathogens. These findings should inform the development of more effective emissions control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil R Gottel
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- The Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- The Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sarah M Owens
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jarrad T Hampton-Marcell
- The Microbiome Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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