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Cai X, Wang A, Dai B, Wang Z, Xia S. Insights into the membrane biofouling behavior of planktonic anammox bacteria: Effect of solution pH and ionic strength. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138656. [PMID: 37040838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of solution pH and ionic strength on membrane biofouling of anammox bacteria is essential for the widespread application of anammox MBRs. To provide an original elucidation, this study combined interfacial thermodynamics analysis and filtration experiments with an established planktonic anammox MBR to explore the biofouling behavior of anammox bacteria under varying solution pH and ionic strengths. Preliminary results showed that variation in solution pH and ionic strength has critical impacts on the thermodynamic properties of planktonic anammox bacteria and membrane surfaces. The further interfacial thermodynamics analysis and filtration experiments indicated that an increased pH and a decreased ionic strength could reduce membrane fouling by planktonic anammox bacteria. More specifically, a higher pH or lower ionic strength resulted in a stronger repulsive energy barrier due to the larger interaction distance covered by the dominant electrostatic double layer (EL) component compared to the Lewis acid-base (AB) and Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) components, which corresponded to a reduction in the normalized flux (J/J0) decline and the accumulation of cake resistance (Rc) during the filtration process. Furthermore, the aforementioned effect mechanism was verified by a correlation analysis of the thermodynamic properties and filtration behavior. These findings have generalized significance for understanding the biofouling or aggregation behavior of anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Effects of reducing, stabilizing, and antibiotic agents on "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1829-1843. [PMID: 36752812 PMCID: PMC10006275 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammon ium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium and reduce nitrite, producing N2, and could play a major role in energy-optimized wastewater treatment. However, sensitivity to various environmental conditions and slow growth currently hinder their wide application. Here, we attempted to determine online the effect of environmental stresses on anammox bacteria by using an overnight batch activity test with whole cells, in which anammox activity was calculated by quantifying N2 production via headspace-pressure monitoring. A planktonic mixed culture dominated by "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1 was cultivated in a 30-L semi-continuous stirring tank reactor. In overnight resting-cell anammox activity tests, oxygen caused strong inhibition of anammox activity, which was reversed by sodium sulfite (30 µM). The tested antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin elicited their effect on a dose-dependent manner; however, strain CSTR1 was highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole. Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and Fe2O3. Protein expression analysis from resting cells after anammox activity stimulation revealed that NapC/NirT family cytochrome c (KsCSTR_12840), hydrazine synthase, hydrazine dehydrogenase, hydroxylamine oxidase, and nitrate:nitrite oxidoreductase were upregulated, while a putative hydroxylamine oxidoreductase HAO (KsCSTR_49490) was downregulated. These findings contribute to the growing knowledge on anammox bacteria physiology, eventually leading to the control of anammox bacteria growth and activity in real-world application. KEY POINTS: • Sulfite additions can reverse oxygen inhibition of the anammox process • Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and ferric oxide • Sulfamethoxazole marginally affected anammox activity.
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3
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Reino C, Ding C, Adrian L. Continuous cultivation of Dehalococcoides mccartyi with brominated tyrosine avoids toxic byproducts and gives tight reactor control. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119396. [PMID: 36463679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1 is a strictly anaerobic organohalide-respiring bacterium with strong application potential to remediate aquifers and soils contaminated with halogenated aromatics. To date, cultivation of strain CBDB1 has mostly been done in bottles or fed-batch reactors. Challenges with such systems include low biomass yield and difficulties in controlling the growth conditions. Here, we report the cultivation of planktonic D. mccartyi strain CBDB1 in a continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR) that led to high cell densities (∼8 × 108 cells mL-1) and dominance of strain CBDB1. The reactor culture received acetate, hydrogen, and the brominated amino acid D- or L-3,5-dibromotyrosine as substrates. Both D- and L-3,5-dibromotyrosine were utilized as respiratory electron acceptors and are promising for biomass production due to their decent solubility in water and the formation of a non-toxic debromination product, tyrosine. By monitoring headspace pressure decrease which is indicative of hydrogen consumption, the organohalide respiration rate was followed in real time. Proteomics analyses revealed that the reductive dehalogenase CbdbA238 was highly expressed with both D- and L-3,5-dibromotyrosine, while other reductive dehalogenases including those that were previously suggested to be constitutively expressed, were repressed. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified 16S rRNA genes indicated that the majority of cells in the community belonged to the Dehalococcoides although the CSTR was operated under non-sterile conditions. Hence, tightly controlled CSTR cultivation of Dehalococcoides opens novel options to improve biomass production for bioaugmentation and for advanced biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Reino
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Eziuzor SC, Corrêa FB, Peng S, Schultz J, Kleinsteuber S, da Rocha UN, Adrian L, Vogt C. Structure and functional capacity of a benzene-mineralizing, nitrate-reducing microbial community. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2795-2811. [PMID: 34995421 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS How benzene is metabolized by microbes under anoxic conditions is not fully understood. Here, we studied the degradation pathways in a benzene-mineralizing, nitrate-reducing enrichment culture. METHODS AND RESULTS Benzene mineralization was dependent on the presence of nitrate and correlated to the enrichment of a Peptococcaceae phylotype only distantly related to known anaerobic benzene degraders of this family. Its relative abundance decreased after benzene mineralization had terminated, while other abundant taxa-Ignavibacteriaceae, Rhodanobacteraceae and Brocadiaceae-slightly increased. Generally, the microbial community remained diverse despite the amendment of benzene as single organic carbon source, suggesting complex trophic interactions between different functional groups. A subunit of the putative anaerobic benzene carboxylase previously detected in Peptococcaceae was identified by metaproteomic analysis suggesting that benzene was activated by carboxylation. Detection of proteins involved in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) indicates that benzene mineralization was accompanied by anammox, facilitated by nitrite accumulation and the presence of ammonium in the growth medium. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that benzene was activated by carboxylation and further assimilated by a novel Peptococcaceae phylotype. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results confirm the hypothesis that Peptococcaceae are important anaerobic benzene degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Eziuzor
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felipe B Corrêa
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shuchan Peng
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Júnia Schultz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulisses N da Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Zhou M, Shi Q, Wang Y. Application of hydrophilic modified nylon fabric membrane in an anammox-membrane bioreactor: performance and fouling characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5330-5344. [PMID: 34420166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The membrane fouling is the main bottleneck hindering the wide applications of anammox-membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this study, surface-coating hydrophilic modification of the membrane using polyvinyl alcohol was applied in a granular anammox-MBR. Stable anammox performance of >77% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved in both original and modified MBRs, along with decreasing anammox granule size. The modified membrane exhibited superior flux performance, and the membrane foulants were reduced in the MBR operation. Specifically, the foulant formation rate (f) was 0.46 g·m-2·d-1 for the modified membrane with 100-μm coating thickness (M100) compared with 0.75 g·m-2·d-1 for the original membrane (M0). However, the fouling cycle of the modified membrane with 250-μm coating thickness (M250) was greatly shortened (5 days compared with 19 days for M0) and f increased to 1.25 g·m-2·d-1. Specially, the excess adhesion of exopolysaccharides and humic substances to the hydrophilic modified membrane changed the fouling layer structure and filtration resistance distribution, ultimately causing higher filtration resistance when coating thickness increased. Notably, the flux decline contribution of the concentration polarization was only 33.3% for M0, while it was 71.3% for M250. Finally, it was revealed that using a modified membrane increased the biological secretion rate of polysaccharide but decreased the protein bio-production rate, leading to a high PS (polysaccharide)/PN (protein) ratio in the MBR. The fouling mechanism of the hydrophilic modified membrane applied in anammox-MBR was proposed, and we highlight that the degree of hydrophilic modification is crucial to mitigating membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Izadi P, Izadi P, Eldyasti A. Holistic insights into extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in anammosx bacterial matrix and the potential sustainable biopolymer recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129703. [PMID: 33578118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process has been proven to be a favorable and innovative process, for treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater due to decreased oxygen and carbon requirements at very high nitrogen loading rates. Anammox process is mainly operated through biofilm or granular sludge structures, as for such slow-growing microorganisms, elevated settling velocity of granules allows for adequate biomass retention and lowered potential risk of washouts. Stability of granular sludge biomass is extremely critical, yet the formation mechanism is poorly understood. There are number of important functions linked to Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) in anammox bacterial matrix, such as; structural stability, aggregation promotion, maintenance of physical structure in the granules, water preserving and protective cell barrier. There is an increasing demand to introduce accurate methods for proper EPS extraction and characterization, to expand the perception of anammox granule stability and potential resource recovery. Analyzing EPS with a focus on various (mechanical and physical) properties can lead to biopolymer production from granular sludge. Biopolymers such as EPS are attractive alternatives substituting the conventional chemical polymers furthermore their recovery from the waste sludge and the potential applications in industrial sectors, leads to a radical enhancement of both environmental and economical sustainability, accelerating the circular economy advancements. Here, this study aims to overview the newest understanding on the structure of anammox sludge EPS, obtained recently and to assess the potential challenges and prospects to identify the knowledge gaps towards constructing an inclusive anammox EPS recovery and characterization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Parnian Izadi
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Eldyasti
- Lassonde School of Engineering, Civil Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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7
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Xu J, Li C, Zhu N, Shen Y, Yuan H. Alleviating the nitrite stress on anaerobic ammonium oxidation by pyrolytic biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145800. [PMID: 33610985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nitrite (NO2-) inhibition in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is widely reported. Here, the effects of three pyrolytic biochars (CS300, CS550 and CS800) were investigated to alleviate NO2- stress on anammox process under exposure of varied NO2--N concentrations (70, 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1). No nitrite inhibition was observed at 70 mg N L-1. However, the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNREs) decreased with NO2--N concentration increased, while the biochar-amended groups achieved higher TNREs than the control (CK). At 200 mg N L-1, the TNREs were 60.2%, 99.0%, 98.5% and 86.6% for CK, CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively. At 400 mg N L-1, the TNREs were 23.3%, 56.0%, 37.1% and 29.7% for CK, CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively. At 600 mg N L-1 in which severe inhibition was observed, the TNREs were increased by 231% (p = 0.002), 149% (p = 0.014), and 51.0% (p = 0.166) for CS300, CS550 and CS800, respectively, as compared to CK, with the corresponding specific anammox activity increased by 3.1-, 2,0- and 1.1-folds, respectively. CS300 enriched the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia and increased the gene copies of functional genes (hzsA, hdh, nirS and nirK). Besides, CS300 effectively alleviated the suppression of three membrane-associated enzyme complexes for anammox electron transport chain, indicating the possible contribution of redox-active moieties of CS300 to energy conversion metabolism for mitigating the NO2--N inhibition. This study provided an effective strategy for alleviating NO2--N stress by applying an environmentally compatible material (biochar) on anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hunan BISEN Environmental & Energy Co. Ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Hunan BISEN Environmental & Energy Co. Ltd., Changsha 410100, China.
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Yuan Q, Wang K, He B, Liu R, Qian L, Wan S, Zhou Y, Cai H, Gong H. Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with hybrid sludge retention time in a temperate zone of China. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:854-864. [PMID: 33150637 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous anammox bacteria enrichment at mainstream conditions was reported in a full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in a temperate zone of China. The mainstream anammox was observed after WWTP process retrofit, which constructed a hybrid sludge retention time (SRT) system by providing moving carriers in the anaerobic/anoxic tank and was initially designed to enhance the denitrification process in a conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process. The hybrid SRT system achieved 86.0 ± 4.6% total nitrogen (TN) removal via combined mainstream anammox and conventional denitrification. Autotrophic denitrification via mainstream anammox was confirmed by various shreds of evidence including high-throughput sequencing, specific anammox activity test, and 15 N isotopic tracing. Long-term anammox bacteria existence in the biofilm of the carrier in anoxic zones was detected in a much higher relative abundance compared with other spots. The contribution of anammox activity to TN removal was estimated at around 20%-30%. The reasons leading to spontaneous anammox enrichment were mainly attributed to the carriers for slow-growing bacteria growth and dissolved oxygen gradient in the anoxic tank (caused by intermittent aeration) for nitrite production. The insights of this full-scale case study provide important perspectives for future mainstream anammox application, and also the design of an energy-neutral WWTP process. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spontaneous mainstream anammox in a full-scale WWTP after its retrofit in a temperate zone of China was reported. Anammox bacteria enrichment and long-term stability on moving carriers at mainstream conditions was achieved by modified hybrid SRT system. The hybrid SRT system achieve stable nitrogen removal even in cold winter and high BOD/N situation by combining mainstream anammox with conventional denitrification. Long term full-scale operation demonstrated excellent nitrogen removal with about 20%-30% contribution of mainstream anammox. This full-scale case study provided perspectives for future optimizing mainstream anammox application, and also energy-neutral WWTP process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Shuo Wan
- Thunip Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yaxu Zhou
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hulin Cai
- Xi'an Wastewater Treatment Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Ying XB, Tang CY, Guo W, Sheng DS, Wang MZ, Feng HJ. Quantifying the electron-donating and -accepting capacities of wastewater for evaluating and optimizing biological wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:235-243. [PMID: 33637248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes have been widely used for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. In such biological processes, pollutants are converted into pollution-free substances by microorganisms through oxidation-reduction reactions. Thus, how to quantify the internal oxidation-reduction properties wastewaters and seek out targeted countermeasures is essential to understand, operate, and optimize biological wastewater treatment systems. So far, no such approach is available yet. In this work, a novel concept of electron neutralization-based evaluation is proposed to describe the internal oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater. Pollutants in wastewater are defined as electron donor substances (EDSs) or electron acceptor substances (EASs), which could give or accept electrons, respectively. With such an electron neutralization concept, several parameters, i.e., electron residual concentration (R), economy-related index (E and Er), and economical evaluation index (Y and Yr), are defined. Then, these parameters are used to evaluate the performance and economic aspects of currently applied wastewater treatment processes and even optimize systems. Three case studies demonstrate that the proposed concept could be effectively used to reduce wastewater treatment costs, assess energy recovery, and evaluate process performance. Therefore, a new, simple, and reliable methodology is established to describe the oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater and assess the biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dong-Shen Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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10
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Ni L, Shi Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wang Y. Fouling behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic modified membrane in anammox membrane bioreactor: Role of gel layer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Ding C, Adrian L. Comparative genomics in "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" reveal high genomic plasticity in the overall genome structure, CRISPR loci and surface proteins. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:851. [PMID: 33261555 PMCID: PMC7709395 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) are contributing significantly to the nitrogen cycle and are successfully used in wastewater treatment. Due to the lack of complete genomes in the databases, little is known about the stability and variability of their genomes and how the genomes evolve in response to changing environments. Results Here we report the complete genome of the anammox bacterium “Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” strain CSTR1 which was enriched planktonically in a semi-continuous stirred-tank reactor. A comparison of the genome of strain CSTR1 with the genome of “Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” MBR1 and the draft genome of KUST showed > 99% average nucleotide identity among all. Rearrangements of large genomic regions were observed, most of which were associated with transposase genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that strain MBR1 is more distantly related to the other two strains. Proteomic analysis of actively growing cells of strain CSTR1 (growth rate ~ 0.33 d− 1) failed to detect the annotated cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase (NirS) although in total 1189 proteins were found in the proteome. Yet, this NirS was expressed when strain CSTR1 was under stress or starvation (growth rate < 0.06 d− 1). We also observed large sequence shifts in the strongly expressed S-layer protein compared to other “Ca. Kuenenia” strains, indicating the formation of hybrids of genes encoding the surface proteins. Conclusions “Ca. Kuenenia” strains appear to be relatively stable in their basic physiological traits, but show high variability in overall genome structure and surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Ding C, Adrian L, Peng Y, He J. 16S rRNA gene-based primer pair showed high specificity and quantification accuracy in detecting freshwater Brocadiales anammox bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5714083. [PMID: 31967636 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are widely distributed and contribute significantly to the global nitrogen cycle. Traditionally, identification and quantification based on the 16S rRNA gene were considered not reliable because of low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity within Brocadiales. Here we hypothesize that by using appropriate primers and methodology, 16S-based detection and quantification of anammox bacteria can be accurate. We modified an existing 16S rRNA gene-based primer pair (Amx694F-Amx960R) by changing one nucleotide (Amx694F position 18, G→C) (Amx694PF-Amx960R) so that they match the sequences of most Brocadiales anammox bacteria, and evaluated the modified primer pair with 29 freshwater samples from microcosms, anammox reactors and wastewater treatment plants of various geographical origins. The primer pair showed high specificity in detection and quantification of anammox populations in samples that contained >0.1% anammox bacteria. Quantification of anammox abundance by quantitative real-time PCR and delineation of anammox species by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis agreed well with amplicon sequencing results. A clear shift of anammox population towards 'Candidatus Kuenenia' was observed under laboratory cultivation conditions. With the help of amplicon sequencing, we demonstrated that 16S rRNA gene-based anammox-specific primers are able to achieve qualitative and quantitative monitoring of anammox communities in wastewater treatment plants and natural freshwater environments.2007;73:5261-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany.,Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Budhraja R, Karande S, Ding C, Ullrich MK, Wagner S, Reemtsma T, Adrian L. Characterization of membrane-bound metalloproteins in the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1. Talanta 2020; 223:121711. [PMID: 33298257 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound metalloproteins are the basis of biological energy conservation via respiratory processes, however, their biochemical characterization is difficult. Here, we followed a gel-based proteomics and metallomics approach to identify membrane-associated metalloproteins in the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1. Membrane-associated protein complexes were separated by two dimensional Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis and subunits were identified by mass spectrometry; protein-bound metal ions were quantified from the gel by connecting either a desolvating nebulizer system or laser ablation to inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QqQ-MS). We identified most protein complexes predicted to be involved in anaerobic ammonium oxidation and carbon fixation. The ICP-QqQ-MS data showed the presence of Fe and Zn in a wide range of high molecular weight protein complexes (230-800 kDa). Mo was prominently found in gel slices with proteins of a size of 500-650 kDa, whereas Ni was only found using the desolvating nebulizer system in the protein range of 350-500 kDa. The detected protein complexes and their metal content were consistent with genome annotations. Gel-based metalloproteomics is a sensitive and reliable approach for the characterization of metalloproteins and could be used to characterize many multimeric metalloprotein complexes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shubhangi Karande
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria K Ullrich
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Environmental Biotechnology, Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Cui B, Yang Q, Liu X, Huang S, Yang Y, Liu Z. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on long-term stability of partial nitrification process. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:343-351. [PMID: 32081330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is regarded as one of the crucial factors to influence partial nitrification process. However, achieving and keeping stable partial nitrification under different DO concentrations were widely reported. The mechanism of DO concentration influencing partial nitrification is still unclear. Therefore, in this study two same sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) cultivated same seeding sludge were built up with real-time control strategy. Different DO concentrations were controlled in SBRs to explore the effect of DO concentration on the long-term stability of partial nitrification process at room temperature. It was discovered that ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) was inhibited when DO concentration decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 mg/L. The abundance of Nitrospira increased from 1011.5 to 1013.7 copies/g DNA, and its relative percentage increased from 0.056% to 3.2% during 190 operational cycles, causing partial nitrification gradually turning into complete nitrification process. However, when DO was 2.5 mg/L the abundance of Nitrospira was stable and AOB was always kept at 1010.7 copies/g DNA. High AOR was maintained, and stable partial nitrification process was kept. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity was significantly higher than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity at DO of 2.5 mg/L, which was crucial to maintain excellent nitrite accumulation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Siting Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yubing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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16
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Cui B, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu W, Li J. Improving nitrogen removal in biological aeration filter for domestic sewage treatment via adjusting microbial community structure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122006. [PMID: 31476564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in reactor prevents the application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technology to main-stream wastewater treatment. How to eliminate NOB and reserve anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) simultaneously becomes the biggest challenge. In this study two coupled biological aeration filters (BAFs) were built up to treat domestic sewage. In BAF1 nitrogen removal concentration was 21.4 mg/L via heterotrophic denitrification pathway. Backwash was conducted to BAF2 to improve nitrogen removal performance. After backwash Nitrospira proportion declined from 10.8% to 2.1%, while Candidatus Kuenenia percentage increased from 5.6% to 10.2%. Nitrogen removal concentration improved from 8.6 mg/L to 22.8 mg/L via anammox pathway in BAF2, and total nitrogen removal concentration reached to 44.2 mg/L in two coupled BAFs during aeration process. These findings could provide a new strategy for the application of anammox technology to main-stream wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianmin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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17
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Zhao Y, Jiang B, Tang X, Liu S. Metagenomic insights into functional traits variation and coupling effects on the anammox community during reactor start-up. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:50-60. [PMID: 31202013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anammox technology is an energy-efficient wastewater treatment process and anammox community structure has gained extensive attention. However, the dynamics of community functional traits are still elusive. Here, we combined the long-term reactor operation and metagenomic, multiple bioinformatic and network analyses to reveal the succession of anammox community and function traits during reactor start-up. We found the cooperation of denitrifiers that affiliated to the phylum Proteobacteria could reduce nitrite to dinitrogen gas. These organisms and genes had higher abundance after the inhibition phase, which could contribute to nitrite consuming and reactor performance recovery. Importantly, the Terrimonas and Anaerolinea organisms had ability of extracellular polymers secretion or aggregate formation. They had the highest abundance at the end of the lag phase, which could benefit for promoting the nitrogen removal rate (NRR). Meanwhile, Terrimonas and Anaerolinea bacteria could cooperate with methanogenic and nitrite-denitrifying methanotrophic organisms based on H2 and CH4, respectively. Since these organisms also had higher abundance after the inhibition phase, their cooperation could prevent anammox bacteria from nitrite inhibiting when the influent nitrite concentration was higher. The analysis of community and function shift is expected to emphasize the importance of functional bacteria in anammox process and provides a potential control strategy for nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.
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18
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Budhraja R, Ding C, Walter P, Wagner S, Reemtsma T, Gary Sawers R, Adrian L. The impact of species, respiration type, growth phase and genetic inventory on absolute metal content of intact bacterial cells. Metallomics 2019; 11:925-935. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Absolute metal ion content was determined from whole cells of different microbial species and changes were related to growth conditions and change of encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Chair of Geobiotechnology
| | - Chang Ding
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Philipp Walter
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - R. Gary Sawers
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology
- Martin-Luther Universität
- Halle
- Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ
- Isotope Biogeochemistry
- 04318 Leipzig
- Germany
- Chair of Geobiotechnology
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