1
|
Peng B, Cai Q, Shi X, Wang Z, Yan J, Xu M, Wang M, Shi Z, Niu Z, Guo X, Yang Y. Metal-containing nanoparticles in road dust from a Chinese megacity over the last decade: Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134970. [PMID: 38905977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial sink of metal-containing nanoparticles (MNPs), road dust can record their spatiotemporal variations in urban environments. In this study, taking Shanghai as a representative megacity in China, a total of 272 dust samples were collected in the winter and summer of 2013 and 2021/2022 to understand the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of MNPs. The number concentrations of Fe-, Ti-, and Zn-containing NPs were 3.8 × 106 - 8.4 × 108, 2.3 × 106-1.4 × 108, and 6.0 × 105-2.3 × 108 particles/mg, respectively, according to single particle (sp)ICP-MS analysis. These MNPs showed significantly higher number concentrations in summer than in winter. Hotspots of Fe-containing NPs were more concentrated in industrial and traffic areas, Zn-containing NPs were mainly distributed in the central urban areas, while Ti-containing NPs were abundant in areas receiving high rainfall. The structural equation model results indicates that substantial rainfall in summer can help remove MNPs from atmospheric PM2.5 into dust, while in winter industrial and traffic activities were the primary contributors for MNPs. Moreover, the contribution of traffic emissions to MNPs has surpassed industrial one over the last decade, highlighting the urgency to control traffic-sourced MNPs, especially those from non-exhaust emissions by electric vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection Certification & Tech Innovation Center Co. Ltd., 68 South Yutian Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zuoshun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xingpan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li X, Yang H, Wu Y, Pu Q, He W, Li X. A review of tire wear particles: Occurrence, adverse effects, and control strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116782. [PMID: 39059345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs), common mixed particulate emerging contaminants in the environment, have global per capita emissions accounting for 0.23-1.9 kg/year, attracting global attention recently due to their wide detection, small size, mobility, and high toxicity. This review focuses on the occurrence characteristics of TWPs in multiple environmental media, adverse effects on organisms, potential toxicity mechanisms, and environmental risk prevention and control strategies of TWPs. The environmental fate of TWPs throughout the entire process is systematically investigated by the bibliometric analysis function of CiteSpace. This review supplements the gap in the joint toxicity and related toxicity mechanisms of TWPs with other environmental pollutants. Based on the risks review of TWPs and their additives, adverse impacts have been found in organisms from aquatic environments, soil, and humans, such as the growth inhibition effect on Chironomus dilutes. A multi-faceted and rationalized prevention and control treatment of "source-process-end" for the whole process can be achieved by regulating the use of studded tires, improving the tire additive formula, growing plants roadside, encouraging micro-degradation, and other methods, which are first reviewed. By addressing the current knowledge gaps and exploring prospects, this study contributes to developing strategies for reducing risks and assessing the fate of TWPs in multiple environmental media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Xinao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qikun Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's A1B 3X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang C, Liu X, Wu Q, Cao J, Zhu X, Wang X, Song Y. Cardiovascular toxic effects of nanoparticles and corresponding molecular mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124360. [PMID: 38871171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in nanotechnology have been integrated into various disciplines, leading to an increased prevalence of nanoparticle exposure. The widespread utilization of nanomaterials and heightened levels of particulate pollution have prompted government departments to intensify their focus on assessing the safety of nanoparticles (NPs). The cardiovascular system, crucial for maintaining human health, has emerged as vulnerable to damage from nanoparticle exposure. A mounting body of evidence indicates that interactions can occur when NPs come into contact with components of the cardiovascular system, contributing to adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these events remain elusive. This work provides a comprehensive review of recent advance on nanoparticle-induced adverse cardiovascular events and offers insight into the associated molecular mechanisms. Finally, the influencing factors of NPs-induced cardiovascular toxicity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Zhou B, Zhang J, Jiao L, Cheng K, Chen L, Li Y, Li Y, Ho SSH, Wen Z. Optical properties and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols in a valley city under persistent high temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172462. [PMID: 38615761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols were collected in the valley city of Baoji city in Northern China in August 2022. The light absorption characteristics and influencing factors of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) were analyzed, and their radiative forcing was estimated. The results showed that the light absorption of secondary brown carbon [AbsBrC,sec (370)] was 7.5 ± 2.4 Mm-1, which was 2.5 times that of primary brown carbon [AbsBrC,pri (370), 3.0 ± 1.2 Mm-1]. During the study period, the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of aerosol was 1.6, indicating that there was obvious secondary aerosol formation or carbonaceous aerosol aging in the valley city of Baoji. Except for secondary BrC (BrCsec), the light absorption coefficient (Abs) and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of BC and primary BrC (BrCpri) during the persistent high temperature period (PHT) were higher than those during the normal temperature period (NT) and the precipitation period (PP), which indicated that the light absorption capacity of black carbon and primary brown carbon increased, while the light absorption capacity of secondary brown carbon decreased under persistent high temperature period. Secondary aerosols sulfide (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) are important factors for promoting the light absorption enhancemen of BC and BrCpri and photobleaching of BrCsec during persistent high temperature period. The Principal Component Analysis-Multiple Linear Regression (PCA-MLR) model showed that traffic emissions was the most important source of pollution in Baoji City. Based on this, the secondary source accelerates the aging of BC and BrC, causing changes in light absorption. During PHT, the radiative forcing of BC and BrCpri were enhanced, while the radiative forcing of BrCsec was weakened, but the positive radiative forcing generated by them may aggravate the high-temperature disaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Bianhong Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Lihua Jiao
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Kaijing Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji 721013, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Zhongtao Wen
- Baoji Ecological Environment Science and Technology Service Center, Baoji 721000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Lu D, Wang W, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhang A, Liu Q, Jiang G. Precisely Identifying the Sources of Magnetic Particles by Hierarchical Classification-Aided Isotopic Fingerprinting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9770-9781. [PMID: 38781163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic particles (MPs), with magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) as the most abundant species, are ubiquitously present in the natural environment. MPs are among the most applied engineered particles and can be produced incidentally by various human activities. Identification of the sources of MPs is crucial for their risk assessment and regulation, which, however, is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report a novel approach, hierarchical classification-aided stable isotopic fingerprinting, to address this problem. We found that naturally occurring, incidental, and engineered MPs have distinct Fe and O isotopic fingerprints due to significant Fe/O isotope fractionation during their generation processes, which enables the establishment of an Fe-O isotopic library covering complex sources. Furthermore, we developed a three-level machine learning model that not only can distinguish the sources of MPs with a high precision (94.3%) but also can identify the multiple species (Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3) and synthetic routes of engineered MPs with a precision of 81.6%. This work represents the first reliable strategy for the precise source tracing of particles with multiple species and complex sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Huazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tombuloglu G, Tombuloglu H, Slimani Y, Almessiere MA, Baykal A, Bostancioglu SM, Kirat G, Ercan I. Effects of foliar iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4) application on photosynthetic parameters, distribution of mineral elements, magnetic behaviour, and photosynthetic genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108616. [PMID: 38615444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of foliar magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IONP) application on the physiology, photosynthetic parameters, magnetic character, and mineral element distribution of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The IONP suspension (500 mg L-1) was sprayed once (S1), twice (S2), thrice (S3), and four times (S4) a week on seedlings. Upon 21 days of the treatments, photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, photosynthetic yield, electron transport rate) were elucidated. Inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to determine the mineral elements and abundance of magnetic power in the seedlings. In addition, the RT-qPCR method was performed to quantify the expressions of photosystem-related (PsaC, PsbP6, and PsbQ) and ferritin-coding (Fer-1 and Fer-2) genes. Results revealed that the physiological and photosynthetic indices were improved upon S1 treatment. The optimal dosage of IONP spraying enhances chlorophyll, carotenoid, electron transport rate (ETR), and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)) but substantially diminishes non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). However, frequent IONP applications (S2, S3, and S4) caused growth retardation and suppressed the photosynthetic parameters, suggesting a toxic effect of IONP in recurrent treatments. Fer-1 and Fer-2 expressions were strikingly increased by IONP applications, suggesting an attempt to neutralize the excess amount of Fe ions by ferritin. Nevertheless, frequent IONP treatment fluctuated the mineral distribution and caused growth inhibition. Although low-repeat foliar applications of IONP (S1 in this study) may help improve plant growth, consecutive applications (S2, S3, and S4) should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzin Tombuloglu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yassine Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah A Almessiere
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, 34295, Turkey
| | - Safiye Merve Bostancioglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Goztepe Campus, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Kirat
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ercan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Duzce University, 81010, Duzce, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regencia ZJG, Zhao W, Torres-Roja C, Jones BC, Baja ES. Association between lead and circulating markers of inflammation among traffic enforcers in Metro Manila, Philippines: the MMDA traffic enforcer's health study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:303-311. [PMID: 38351350 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several epidemiological studies have linked lead (Pb) exposure to induced oxidative stress and the promotion of inflammatory response. We performed a within-subjects study (repeated measures study) to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of blood lead (B-Pb) and toenail lead (T-Pb) and circulating markers of inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the associations between B-Pb concentrations and T-Pb concentrations and circulating markers of inflammation, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (s-VCAM-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on 158 traffic enforcers from the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) traffic enforcer's health study. Linear mixed-effects models with random subject-specific intercepts were fitted to estimate the association between B-Pb and T-Pb exposure and circulating markers of inflammation, adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Traffic enforcers were middle-aged men (89.4%) with a mean age (± SD) of 37.1 years ± 8.9 years and had a total of 293 valid markers of inflammation measurements. B-Pb concentration was related to increased hs-CRP levels. A 10% increase in B-Pb was associated with a 5.7% increase in hs-CRP level [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.3-10.1]. However, B-Pb was not associated with s-ICAM-1 and s-VCAM-1. Furthermore, no associations were observed between T-Pb and all the circulating markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Low-level B-Pb may increase hs-CRP among traffic enforcers. Moreover, the study suggests that Pb via the oxidative and inflammation pathways may have an essential role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, MMDA and the Department of Labor and Employment can use our study's findings as evidence to conduct routine screening of blood heavy metals, especially Pb, among MMDA and other traffic enforcers as part of their yearly medical examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zypher Jude G Regencia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Room 103, Paz Mendoza Bldg., 547 Pedro Gil Street, 1000, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Room 201, NIH Bldg., 623 Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, 1000, Manila, Philippines
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Torres-Roja
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Byron C Jones
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Baja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Room 103, Paz Mendoza Bldg., 547 Pedro Gil Street, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Room 201, NIH Bldg., 623 Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Yu H, Pan R, Miao G, Wang Y, Li Z, Yu H, Lu L, Jin X. Airborne magnetite nanoparticles induced early vascular pathologies by disrupting lipid metabolism under high-fat dietary patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1175-1186. [PMID: 37860912 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively detected in the atmospheric environment and implicated as a prominent threat to atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Due to globalization and economic development, the dramatic shift in diet from traditional to high-fat dietary patterns aggravated atherosclerosis progression induced by environmental factors. However, limited knowledge is available regarding vascular risks and underlying mechanisms of airborne MNPs in high-risk populations with high-fat dietary habits. Herein, we demonstrated that MNPs exerted a proatherogenic effect under high-fat dietary patterns, leading to aortic wall thickening, elastic fiber disorganization, macrophage infiltration, and local inflammation. Based on the correlation analysis between MNPs and PM group, we identified that MNPs might be a key PM component in atherogenic toxicity. MNPs exposure disturbed the dynamic process of lipid metabolism, manifested as aortic lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, and hepatic lipid metabolism disorder, which was modulated by the JAK-STAT pathway. Overall, these findings provide new insight into understanding the cardiovascular risks and mechanisms of MNPs among high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ruonan Pan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Gan Miao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang XL, Harmer JR, Schenk G, Southam G. Inorganic Fe-O and Fe-S oxidoreductases: paradigms for prebiotic chemistry and the evolution of enzymatic activity in biology. Front Chem 2024; 12:1349020. [PMID: 38389729 PMCID: PMC10881703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1349020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductases play crucial roles in electron transfer during biological redox reactions. These reactions are not exclusive to protein-based biocatalysts; nano-size (<100 nm), fine-grained inorganic colloids, such as iron oxides and sulfides, also participate. These nanocolloids exhibit intrinsic redox activity and possess direct electron transfer capacities comparable to their biological counterparts. The unique metal ion architecture of these nanocolloids, including electron configurations, coordination environment, electron conductivity, and the ability to promote spontaneous electron hopping, contributes to their transfer capabilities. Nano-size inorganic colloids are believed to be among the earliest 'oxidoreductases' to have 'evolved' on early Earth, playing critical roles in biological systems. Representing a distinct type of biocatalysts alongside metalloproteins, these nanoparticles offer an early alternative to protein-based oxidoreductase activity. While the roles of inorganic nano-sized catalysts in current Earth ecosystems are intuitively significant, they remain poorly understood and underestimated. Their contribution to chemical reactions and biogeochemical cycles likely helped shape and maintain the balance of our planet's ecosystems. However, their potential applications in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental protection sectors have not been fully explored or exploited. This review examines the structure, properties, and mechanisms of such catalysts from a material's evolutionary standpoint, aiming to raise awareness of their potential to provide innovative solutions to some of Earth's sustainability challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- NYS Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hermosillo-Abundis C, Angulo-Molina A, Méndez-Rojas MA. Erythrocyte Vulnerability to Airborne Nanopollutants. TOXICS 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 38276727 PMCID: PMC10818893 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The toxicological impact of airborne polluting ultrafine particles (UFPs, also classified as nanoparticles with average sizes of less than 100 nm) is an emerging area of research pursuing a better understanding of the health hazards they pose to humans and other organisms. Hemolytic activity is a toxicity parameter that can be assessed quickly and easily to establish part of a nanoparticle's behavior once it reaches our circulatory system. However, it is exceedingly difficult to determine to what extent each of the nanoparticles present in the air is responsible for the detrimental effects exhibited. At the same time, current hemolytic assessment methodologies pose a series of limitations for the interpretation of results. An alternative is to synthesize nanoparticles that model selected typical types of UFPs in air pollution and evaluate their individual contributions to adverse health effects under a clinical assay of osmotic fragility. Here, we discuss evidence pointing out that the absence of hemolysis is not always a synonym for safety; exposure to model nanopollutants, even at low concentrations, is enough to increase erythrocyte susceptibility and dysfunction. A modified osmotic fragility assay in combination with a morphological inspection of the nanopollutant-erythrocyte interaction allows a richer interpretation of the exposure outcomes. Membrane-nanoparticle interplay has a leading role in the vulnerability observed. Therefore, future research in this line of work should pay special attention to the evaluation of the mechanisms that cause membrane damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hermosillo-Abundis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andres Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico;
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Méndez-Rojas
- Department of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andres Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan Z, Liu Z, Yang B, Zhu X, Song E, Song Y. Long-term pulmonary iron oxide nanoparticles exposure disrupts hepatic iron-lipid homeostasis and increases plaque vulnerability in ApoE -/- mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122905. [PMID: 37951529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have attracted great attention due to their extensive applications, which warranted their environmental concerns. Although recent advances have proposed the relevance of Fe3O4 NPs to cardiovascular disease, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the effects of NPs remain indistinct. ApoE-/- mice were chosen as a long-term exposure model to explore the immanent association between respiratory exposure to Fe3O4 NPs and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Pulmonary exposure to 20 nm and 200 nm Fe3O4 NPS resulted in significant lung injury, and pulmonary histopathological examination displayed inflammatory cell infiltration, septal thickening and alveolar congestion. Intriguingly, liver iron deposition and variations in the hepatic lipid homeostasis were found in Fe3O4 NPs-exposed mice, eventually leading to dyslipidemia, hinting the potential cardiovascular toxicity of Fe3O4 NPs. In addition, we not only found that Fe3O4 NPs exposure increased aortic plaque area, but also increased M1 macrophages in the plaque, which yielding plaque vulnerability in ApoE-/- mice Of note, 20 nm Fe3O4 NPs showed enhanced capability on the progression of atherosclerosis than 200 nm Fe3O4 NPs. This study may propose the potential mechanism for adverse cardiovascular disease induced by Fe3O4 NPs and provide convincing evidence for the safety evaluation of Fe3O4 NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bingwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shahpoury P, Lelieveld S, Johannessen C, Berkemeier T, Celo V, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Harner T, Lammel G, Nenes A. Influence of aerosol acidity and organic ligands on transition metal solubility and oxidative potential of fine particulate matter in urban environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167405. [PMID: 37777133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The adverse health effects of air pollution around the world have been associated with the inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Such outcomes are thought to be related to the induction of oxidative stress due to the excess formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The ability of airborne chemicals to deplete antioxidants and to form ROS is known as oxidative potential (OP). Here we studied the influence of aerosol acidity and organic ligands on the solubility of transition metals, in particular iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), and on the OP of PM2.5 from Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance urban sites in Toronto, Vancouver, and Hamilton. Using chemical assays and model simulations of the lung redox chemistry, we quantified ROS formation in the lung lining fluid, targeting superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH), as well as the PM2.5 redox potential (RP). Experimental •OH formation (OPOH) showed high correlations with RP and model-predicted ROS metrics. Both aerosol acidity and oxalate content enhanced the solubility of transition metals, with oxalate showing a stronger association. While experimental OP metrics were primarily associated with species of primary origin such as elemental carbon, Fe, and Cu, model-predicted ROS were associated with secondary processes including proton- and ligand-mediated dissolution of Fe. Model simulations showed that water-soluble Cu was the main contributor to O2•- formation, while water-soluble Fe dominated the formation of highly reactive •OH radical, particularly at study sites with highly acidic aerosol and elevated levels of oxalate. This study underscores the importance of reducing transition metal emissions in urban environments to improve population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Shahpoury
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Steven Lelieveld
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valbona Celo
- Analysis and Air Quality Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Górka-Kostrubiec B, Werner T, Karasiński G. Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4733-4746. [PMID: 38108987 PMCID: PMC10794260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic susceptibility (κ) of particulate matter (PM) is a useful tool in estimation concentration of iron-rich particles and provides useful information on the emission sources and pathways of spread of PM in the atmosphere. However, there is currently no established protocol for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of PM collected on filters used in standard monitoring of PM concentration. This paper presents a step-by-step process for collecting PM on filters in automatic samplers and measuring their κ. The procedure outlines requirements for data quality, measurement uncertainty, exposure time and conditions, and the amount of material collected on the filters. The study analyzed a 2-year dataset of magnetic susceptibility measurements by MFK-1 kappabridge (Agico, Czech Republic) for PM10 and PM2.5 collected at two locations, Warsaw and Cracow, in Poland using low-volume PM samplers. By strictly following the procedure for conditioning filters, measuring magnetic susceptibility and mass of PM, the study found that it is possible to obtain repeatable data with good measurement accuracy and acceptable errors. This makes magnetic susceptibility an additional reliable parameter for tracking of emission sources of iron-rich particles. Successful implementation of this magnetic method as a standard procedure for monitoring PM in addition to the PM mass collected on filters could be used to analyze sources of emission of Fe-particles and their contribution to the PM mass, especially in urban and industrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Górka-Kostrubiec
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Werner
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Karasiński
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jaén C, Titos G, Castillo S, Casans A, Rejano F, Cazorla A, Herrero J, Alados-Arboledas L, Grimalt JO, van Drooge BL. Diurnal source apportionment of organic and inorganic atmospheric particulate matter at a high-altitude mountain site under summer conditions (Sierra Nevada; Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167178. [PMID: 37730028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
High-altitude mountain areas are sentinel ecosystems for global environmental changes such as anthropogenic pollution. In this study, we report a source apportionment of particulate material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) in a high-altitude site in southern Europe (Sierra Nevada Station; SNS (2500 m a.s.l.)) during summer 2021. The emission sources and atmospheric secondary processes that determine the composition of aerosol particles in Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain) are identified from the concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 12 major inorganic compounds, 18 trace elements and 44 organic molecular tracer compounds in PM10 filter samples collected during day- and nighttime. The multivariate analysis of the joint dataset resolved five main PM10 sources: 1) Saharan dust, 2) advection from the urbanized valley, 3) local combustion, 4) smoke from a fire-event, and 5) aerosol from regional recirculation with high contribution of particles from secondary inorganic and organic aerosol formation processes. PM sources were clearly associated with synoptic meteorological conditions, and day- and nighttime circulation patterns typical of mountainous areas. Although a local pollution source was identified, the contribution of this source to PM10, OC and EC was small. Our results evidence the strong influence of middle- and long-range transport of aerosols, mainly from anthropogenic origin, on the aerosol chemical composition at this remote site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Jaén
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Casans
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rejano
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Cazorla
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Herrero
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Alados-Arboledas
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA), University of Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo sn, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Forest V, Pourchez J. Biological effects of brake wear particles in mammalian models: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167266. [PMID: 37741409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic is a major contributor to air pollution through aerosols both from exhaust emissions (EE) and non-exhaust emissions (NEE). NEE result from mechanical abrasion of brakes and tires, erosion of road surfaces and resuspension of road dust into the atmosphere by passing traffic. EE have been thoroughly studied and have decreased over time due to a stricter control. On the other hand, NEE have not received such attention and there is currently no legislation to specifically reduce NEE particles. Consequently, NEE relative part has become prevalent, potentially making of these emissions a major human health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the biological effects of brake wear particles, a type of NEE. To this end, we conducted a bibliographic search of two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) on June 1, 2023, focusing on the toxicological effects of brake wear particles induced in vitro and in vivo. We excluded reviews (no original experimental data), papers not written in English, studies performed in non-mammalian models and papers where no toxicity data were reported. Of the 291 papers, 19 were found to be relevant and included in our analysis, confirming that the assessment of the brake wear particles toxicity in mammalian models is still limited. This review also reports that brake wear particles can induce oxidative stress, proinflammatory response and DNA damage. Finally, some perspectives for further research and measures to mitigate the risk of brake wear emissions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sheikh HA, Maher BA, Woods AW, Tung PY, Harrison RJ. Efficacy of green infrastructure in reducing exposure to local, traffic-related sources of airborne particulate matter (PM). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166598. [PMID: 37634712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
One aim of roadside green infrastructure (GI) is to mitigate exposure to local, traffic-generated pollutants. Here, we determine the efficacy of roadside GI in improving local air quality through the deposition and/or dispersion of airborne particulate matter (PM). PM was collected on both pumped air filters and on the leaves of a recently installed 'tredge' (trees managed as a head-high hedge) at an open road environment next to a primary school in Manchester, U.K. The magnetic properties of PM deposited on leaves and filters (size fractions PM10 and PM2.5) were deduced from hysteresis loops, first-order reversal curves (FORCs), and low-temperature remanence measurements. These were complemented with electron microscopy to identify changes in magnetic PM concentration downwind of the tredge/GI. We show that the tredge is permeable to airflow using a simple CO2 tracer experiment; hence, it allows interception and subsequent deposition of PM on its leaves. Magnetic loadings per m3 of air from filters (PM10 saturation magnetisation, Ms, at 5 K) were reduced by 40 % behind the tredge and a further 63 % in the playground; a total reduction of 78 % compared to roadside air. For the PM2.5 fraction, the reduction in magnetic loading behind the tredge was remarkable (82 %), reflecting efficient diffusional capture of sub-5 nm Fe-oxide particles by the tredge. Some direct mixing of roadside and playground air occurs at the back of the playground, caused by air flow over, and/or through gaps in, the slowly-permeable tredge. The magnetic loading on tredge leaves increased over successive days, capturing ~23 % of local, traffic-derived PM10. Using a heuristic two-dimensional turbulent mixing model, we assess the limited dispersion of PM < 22.5 μm induced by eddies in the tredge wake. This study demonstrates that PM deposition on leaves reduces exposure significantly in this school playground setting; hence, providing a cost-effective mitigation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Sheikh
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK.
| | - B A Maher
- Center for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - A W Woods
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - P Y Tung
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - R J Harrison
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, CB2 3EQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Chen T, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Yang H, Hu X, Xiao J, Liu Q, Jiang G. Deep Neural Network-Based Electron Microscopy Image Recognition for Source Distinguishing of Anthropogenic and Natural Magnetic Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16465-16476. [PMID: 37801812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning models excel at image recognition of macroscopic objects, but their applications to nanoscale particles are limited. Here, we explored their potential for source-distinguishing environmental particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images can reveal distinguishable features in particle morphology from various sources, but cluttered foreground objects and scale variations pose challenges to visual recognition models. In this proof-of-concept work, we proposed a novel instance segmentation model named CoMask to tackle these issues with atmospheric magnetic particles, a key species of PM2.5. CoMask features a densely connected feature extraction module to excavate multiscale spatial cues at the single-particle level and enlarges the receptive field size for improved representation capability. We also employed a collaborative learning strategy to further improve performance. Compared with other state-of-the-art models, CoMask was competitive on benchmark and TEM data sets. The application of CoMask not only enables the source-distinguishing of magnetic particles but also opens up a new vista for machine learning applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weican Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoguang Hu
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Xue R, Li C, Hu L, Li Q, Sun Y, Chen Y, Yuan W, Xia Q, Hu L, Wei Y, He M. Inhalation of subway fine particles induces murine extrapulmonary organs damage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163181. [PMID: 37001660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of its speed and convenience, the subway has become the first choice for travel by many residents. However, the concentration of fine particles (PM2.5) in the air of a subway platform is higher than that of the ground level or carriage. Moreover, the composition and source of subway PM2.5 differ from those of atmospheric PM2.5. Currently, there is insufficient research on the impact of subway PM2.5 on health. In this study, intratracheally subway PM2.5-inoculated wild type (WT) and Rag1-/- mice, lacking functional T cells and B cells, were used to investigate the potential of subway PM2.5 exposure to cause extrapulmonary organ injuries. Subway PM2.5 increased inflammatory cells infiltration, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 gene and protein expression, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB levels in liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus in a dose-dependent fashion in WT mice. Subway PM2.5 exposure resulted in slight macrophage (F4/80+) and neutrophil (Ly6G+) infiltration and caused no increase in the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, or COX-2 in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and thymus of Rag1-/- mice. These results demonstrate a dose-response manner between subway PM2.5 exposure and inflammatory injuries of extrapulmonary organs, which could be related to the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Subway PM2.5-induced extrapulmonary organ damage was dependent on T cells and B cells; this finding may provide insight for research on the mechanisms responsible for the health hazards posed by air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rou Xue
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qidian Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenke Yuan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Longji Hu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao He
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pellecchia M, Papa G, Barbato M, Capitani G, Negri I. Origin of non-exhaust PM in cities by individual analysis of particles collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121885. [PMID: 37236592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas present multiple challenges to scientists interested in unraveling the source, transport, and fate of airborne particulate matter (PM). Airborne PM consists of a heterogeneous mixture of particles with different sizes, morphologies, and chemical compositions. However, standard air quality stations only detect the mass concentration of PM mixtures with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM10) and/or ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). During honey bee foraging flights, airborne PM up to 10 μm in size attaches to their bodies, making them suitable for collecting spatiotemporal data on airborne PM. The individual particulate chemistry of this PM can be assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on a sub-micrometer scale, allowing accurate identification and classification of the particles. Herein, we analyzed the PM fractions of 10-2.5 μm, 2.5-1 μm, and below 1 μm in average geometric diameter collected by bees from hives located in the city of Milan, Italy. Bees showed contamination by natural dust, originating from soil erosion and rock outcropping in the foraging area, and particles with recurrent heavy metal content, most likely attributed to vehicular braking systems and possibly tires (non-exhaust PM). Notably, approximately 80% of non-exhaust PM was ≤1 μm in size. This study provides a possible alternative strategy to apportion the finer fraction of PM in urban areas and determine citizens' exposure. Our findings may also prompt decision-makers to issue policy addressal for non-exhaust pollution, especially for the ongoing restructuring of European regulations on mobility and the shift toward electric vehicles whose contribution to PM pollution is debated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pellecchia
- KOINE'- Consulenze Ambientali, Via Parmigianino 13, Montechiarugolo, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Papa
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza, Italy; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Palatucci snc, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Capitani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, Piacenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beddows DCS, Harrison RM, Gonet T, Maher BA, Odling N. Measurement of road traffic brake and tyre dust emissions using both particle composition and size distribution data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121830. [PMID: 37211228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of tyre and brake wear emission factors are presented, derived from data collected from roadside and urban background sites on the premises of the University of Birmingham, located in the UK's second largest city. Size-fractionated particulate matter samples were collected at both sites concurrently in the spring/summer of 2019 and analysed for elemental concentrations and magnetic properties. Using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF), three sources were identified in the roadside mass increment of the 1.0-9.9 μm stages of MOUDI impactors located at both sites, namely: brake dust (7.1%); tyre dust (9.6%); and crustal (83%). The large fraction of the mass apportioned to crustal material was suspected to be mainly from a nearby construction site rather than resuspension of road dust. By using Ba and Zn as elemental tracers, brake and tyre wear emission factors were estimated as 7.4 mg/veh.km and 9.9 mg/veh.km, respectively, compared with the PMF-derived equivalent values of 4.4 mg/veh.km and 11 mg/veh.km. Based on the magnetic measurements, an emission factor can be estimated independently for brake dust of 4.7 mg/veh.km. A further analysis was carried out on the concurrently measured roadside increment in the particle number size distribution (10 nm-10 μm). Four factors were identified in the hourly measurements: traffic exhaust nucleation; traffic exhaust solid particles; windblown dust; and an unknown source. The high increment of the windblown dust factor, 3.2 μg/m3, was comparable in magnitude to the crustal factor measured using the MOUDI samples (3.5 μg/m3). The latter's polar plot indicated that this factor was dominated by a large neighbouring construction site. The number emission factors of the exhaust solid particle and exhaust nucleation factors were estimated as 2.8 and 1.9 x 1012/veh.km, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C S Beddows
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tomasz Gonet
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Odling
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Letaïef S, Camps P, Carvallo C. A supervised machine learning approach to classify traffic-derived PM sources based on their magnetic properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116006. [PMID: 37150384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental magnetism techniques are increasingly used to map the deposition of particulate pollutants on any type of accumulative surfaces. The present study is part of a collective effort that begun in recent years to evaluate the efficiency of these techniques involving a large range of measurements to trace the source signals. Here we explore the possibilities provided by the very simple but robust k-near-neighbors algorithm (kNN) for classification in a source-to-sink approach. For this purpose, in a first phase, the magnetic properties of the traffic-related sources of particulate matter (tire, brake pads, exhaust pipes, etc.) are used to parameterize and train the model. Then, the magnetic parameters measured on accumulating surfaces exposed to a polluted air as urban plant leaves and passive filters are confronted to the model. The results are very encouraging. The algorithm predicts the dominant traffic-related sources for different kinds of accumulative surfaces. The model predictions are generally consistent according to the sampling locations. Its resolution seems adequate since different dominant sources could be identified within one street. We demonstrate the possibility to trace traffic-derived pollutants from sources to sinks based only on magnetic properties, and to eventually quantify their contributions in the total magnetic signal measured. Because magnetic mapping has a high-resolution efficiency, these results open the opportunity to complement conventional methods used to measure air quality and to improve the numerical models of pollutant dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Letaïef
- Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre Camps
- Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claire Carvallo
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, F-75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Préndez M, Carvallo C, Godoy N, Egas C, Aguilar Reyes BO, Calzolai G, Fuentealba R, Lucarelli F, Nava S. Magnetic and elemental characterization of the particulate matter deposited on leaves of urban trees in Santiago, Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2629-2643. [PMID: 36068421 PMCID: PMC10140104 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter is a serious threat to human health, especially in fast-growing cities. In this study, we carried out a magnetic and elemental study on tree leaves used as passive captors and urban dust from various sites in the city of Santiago, Chile, to assess the reliability of magnetic and elemental measurements to characterize particulate matter pollution from vehicular origin. We found that the magnetic susceptibility and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization measured on urban tree leaves is a good proxy for tracing anthropogenic metallic particles and allow controlling the exposure time for particulate matter collection, in agreement with other studies carried out in large cities. Similar measurements on urban soil can be influenced by particles of detritic (natural) origin, and therefore, magnetic measurements on tree leaves can help to identify hotspots where fine particles are more abundant. Elemental particle-induced X-ray emission analysis of tree leaves showed the presence of a number of elements associated with vehicular emissions, in particular Cu, Zn, Fe, K and S which are present at every site, and As, Se, V, Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo and Pb identified at some sites. We observed a correlation between magnetic parameters and the concentrations of S and Br as well as Cu to a smaller extent. Moreover, this study shows the importance of selecting carefully the tree species as well as the location of trees in order to optimize phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Préndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingtone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Carvallo
- UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - N Godoy
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingtone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Egas
- Instituto Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Av Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - B O Aguilar Reyes
- Unidad Morelia, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - G Calzolai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Florence, Italy
| | - R Fuentealba
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingtone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Lucarelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Florence, Italy
| | - S Nava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Limke A, Scharpf I, Blesing F, von Mikecz A. Tire components, age and temperature accelerate neurodegeneration in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121660. [PMID: 37080524 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, traffic-related air pollution is linked with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. The molecular pathways underlying the epidemiologic observations are unknown. In this study, models of neurodegenerative disorders in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were used to investigate effects of the tire wear component nano silica. Life span-resolved exposition of reporter strain GRU102 that expresses the Alzheimer's peptide amyloid beta1-42 with silica nanoparticles significantly reduced locomotory fitness in middle-aged nematodes. A specific vulnerability of 10-day-old nematodes was identified in GRU102 cultivated at ambient temperatures of 15 and 20 °C. Reduction of locomotory fitness was corroborated in the Parkinson's disease model BZ555. Nano silica from different sources, including genuine tire components, accelerated the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in BZ555 nematodes. Dendritic beading was observed in single PDE neurons along the lateral side of the posterior body. In both, the Alzheimer's disease model GRU102 and the Parkinson's disease model BZ555 increased age and the non-chemical exposome factor temperature aggravated nano silica-induced neurodegeneration. Middle-aged cohorts were defined as the most vulnerable age-group. The results suggest C. elegans disease models as a platform to elucidate the relationships between neurodegeneration, age and the environmental factor ambient temperature after exposition with defined components of non-exhaust emissions or sampled urban aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Limke
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Scharpf
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabienne Blesing
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna von Mikecz
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang M, Liu X, Li K, Huang H, Hu H. Real-world emission for in-use non-road construction machinery in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46414-46425. [PMID: 36717414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-road construction machinery (NRCM) emissions pollutants significantly impact air quality. Six typical NRCM (2 excavators, 3 loaders, and 1 forklift) are analyzed based on a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in Wuhan to estimate the real-world emission characteristics and chemical composition of PM2.5 of NRCM. The results show that the fuel-based average emission factors (EFs) of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) are 19.4 ~ 35.7 g kg-1 fuel, 2.9 ~ 7.9 g kg-1 fuel, 57.5 ~ 95.3 g kg-1 fuel, and 1.8 ~ 2.6 g kg-1 fuel for the tested NRCM. The high NOx EF implies that the regulation of NOx emission in Wuhan should be strengthened. In addition, the PM2.5 chemical composition profiles for NRCM show that the PM2.5 emitted from NRCM is dominated by organic carbon and elemental carbon (56.11 ~ 73.85%), followed by water-soluble ions (WSIs, 1.47 ~ 3.46%), and elements (0.16 ~ 0.41%). The major WSIs species are Cl-, Na+ and NO3-, and the major elements are Ca, Na, and K, which are important markers for PM2.5 source analysis. The results of EFs and chemical composition emission characteristics of NRCM tailpipe pollutants obtained in the real-world can provide essential data support for accurately establish of emission inventory of non-road mobile sources in Wuhan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Hubei Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
West CP, Morales AC, Ryan J, Misovich MV, Hettiyadura APS, Rivera-Adorno F, Tomlin JM, Darmody A, Linn BN, Lin P, Laskin A. Molecular investigation of the multi-phase photochemistry of Fe(III)-citrate in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:190-213. [PMID: 35634912 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is ubiquitous in nature and found as FeII or FeIII in minerals or as dissolved ions Fe2+ or Fe3+ in aqueous systems. The interactions of soluble Fe have important implications for fresh water and marine biogeochemical cycles, which have impacts on global terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Upon dissolution of FeIII into natural aquatic systems, organic carboxylic acids efficiently chelate FeIII to form [FeIII-carboxylate]2+ complexes that undergo a wide range of photochemistry-induced radical reactions. The chemical composition and photochemical transformations of these mixtures are largely unknown, making it challenging to estimate their environmental impact. To investigate the photochemical process of FeIII-carboxylates at the molecular level, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study employing UV-visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, and oil immersion flow microscopy. In this study, aqueous solutions of FeIII-citrate were photolyzed under 365 nm light in an experimental setup with an apparent quantum yield of (φ) ∼0.02, followed by chemical analyses of reacted mixtures withdrawn at increment time intervals of the experiment. The apparent photochemical reaction kinetics of Fe3+-citrates (aq) were expressed as two generalized consecutive reactions of with the experimental rate constants of j1 ∼ 0.12 min-1 and j2 ∼ 0.05 min-1, respectively. Molecular characterization results indicate that R and I consist of both water-soluble organic and Fe-organic species, while P compounds are a mixture of water-soluble and colloidal materials. The latter were identified as Fe-carbonaceous colloids formed at long photolysis times. The carbonaceous content of these colloids was identified as unsaturated organic species with low oxygen content and carbon with a reduced oxidation state, indicative of their plausible radical recombination mechanism under oxygen-deprived conditions typical for the extensively photolyzed mixtures. Based on the molecular characterization results, we discuss the comprehensive reaction mechanism of FeIII-citrate photochemistry and report on the formation of previously unexplored colloidal reaction products, which may contribute to atmospheric and terrestrial light-absorbing materials in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P West
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Jackson Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Maria V Misovich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | | | | | - Jay M Tomlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Darmody
- Department of Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brittany N Linn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kardel F, Karbalaei Hassan S, Rashid H, Dehbandi R, Hopke PK, Abbasi S. Environmental magnetic signatures in mangrove ecosystems in northern Persian Gulf: Implication for pollution assessment in marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160083. [PMID: 36356772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of root, bark, and leaf of mangrove (Avicenna marina) and sediment were determined for pollution assessment at three locations in the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. The study revealed that the sources of the particles deposited on leaf surfaces can be discriminated via saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) values and heavy metal. However, different factors including wind direction, size of the magnetic particles and crown density, play a role using SIRM for biomonitoring of atmospheric particulate matter. For leaves, the significant correlations between SIRM and leaf elemental contents indicated that the deposited particles on their surface mainly have geogenic sources. The magnetic analyses revealed that leaves are more suitable than bark for monitoring atmospheric pollution using mangrove trees due to the effect of different factors including dense crown of trees, washing of tree trunk by sea waves, and elements translocation from roots and sediments. Instead, the positive and significant correlation between the SIRM values for sediments and mangrove roots, and no or negative correlation between sediments and roots with barks and leaves indicates that the magnetic properties of the sediments and mangrove roots are suitable indicators of pollution in aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kardel
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box: 416, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Shadi Karbalaei Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box: 416, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Rashid
- Geological Survey of Iran, Azadi Square, Meraj Avenue, 13185-1494 Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kacer J, Altmaier R, Latta D, O'Shaughnessy PT, Cwiertny DM. Evaluation of airborne particulates and associated metals originating from steel slag applied to rural unpaved roads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:238-246. [PMID: 36743127 PMCID: PMC9851133 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various metals have toxic effects by the inhalation route, and electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag is known to contain metals with a potential for toxicity to humans. In some states, EAF slag is applied to unpaved (gravel) roads as a low-cost supplement to limestone and other crushed stone, where it may be a public health concern for the local population. This study compared the mass of selected metals in the PM10 size fraction of fugitive dust from roads where slag was applied to metals in fugitive dust where slag was not applied. Manganese, designated by the EPA as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and one of the primary metals of concern in the slag, was 1.3 times more concentrated in the PM10 fraction from the slag-covered roads as compared to the PM10 fraction from the non-slag-covered roads, but that increase was not significant (p = 0.26). Other metals detected in the airborne dust from both slag-covered and non-slag-covered roads that are also designated as HAPs are antimony, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel, and selenium. In addition, hourly sampling of PM10 and metals in the PM10 fraction was conducted at one of the sample locations where slag had been applied to the road. Manganese mass in the PM10 was positively correlated (Spearman r = 0.86) with the particulate mass in the PM10. Wind direction and the interaction of traffic and wind direction were found to be statistically significant factors affecting manganese concentrations in the fugitive emissions from the road to which EAF slag had been applied. This research demonstrated that application of steel slag can result in elevated levels of manganese in the airborne dust generated by vehicular traffic on the unpaved roadway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Kacer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
| | - Ralph Altmaier
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
| | - Drew Latta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
| | - Patrick T O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
| | - David M Cwiertny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa W195 Chemistry Building Iowa City 52242 Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang Y, Lu L, Du C, Li Y, Cheng W, Bi H, Li G, Zhuang M, Ren D, Wang H, Ji X. Human airway organoids as 3D in vitro models for a toxicity assessment of emerging inhaled pollutants: Tire wear particles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1105710. [PMID: 36686221 PMCID: PMC9853070 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) structured organoids have become increasingly promising and effective in vitro models, and there is an urgent need for reliable models to assess health effects of inhaled pollutants on the human airway. In our study, we conducted a toxicity assessment of human airway organoids (hAOs) for tire wear particles (TWPs) as an emerging inhaled pollutant. We induced primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to generated human airway organoids, which recapitulated the key features of human airway epithelial cells including basal cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells, and club cells. TWPs generated from the wearing of tire treads were considered a major source of emerging inhaled road traffic-derived non-exhaust particles, but their health effect on the lungs is poorly understood. We used human airway organoids to assess the toxicology of tire wear particles on the human airway. In an exposure study, the inhibitory effect of TWPs on the growth of human airway organoids was observed. TWPs induced significant cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. From the qPCR analysis, TWPs significantly up-regulated the expression pf genes involved in the inflammation response. Additionally, the exposure of TWPs reduced SCGB1A1 gene expression associated with the function of the club cell and KRT5 gene expression related to the function of basal cells. In conclusion, this was first study using human airway organoids for a toxicological assessment of TWPs, and our findings revealed that human airway organoids provide an evaluation model of inhaled pollutants potentially affecting the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Chao Du
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanhuan Bi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Hongmei Wang, ; Xiaoya Ji,
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Hongmei Wang, ; Xiaoya Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sheikh HA, Tung PY, Ringe E, Harrison RJ. Magnetic and microscopic investigation of airborne iron oxide nanoparticles in the London Underground. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20298. [PMID: 36522360 PMCID: PMC9755232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) concentration levels in the London Underground (LU) are higher than London background levels and beyond World Health Organization (WHO) defined limits. Wheel, track, and brake abrasion are the primary sources of particulate matter, producing predominantly Fe-rich particles that make the LU microenvironment particularly well suited to study using environmental magnetism. Here we combine magnetic properties, high-resolution electron microscopy, and electron tomography to characterize the structure, chemistry, and morphometric properties of LU particles in three dimensions with nanoscale resolution. Our findings show that LU PM is dominated by 5-500 nm particles of maghemite, occurring as 0.1-2 μm aggregated clusters, skewing the size-fractioned concentration of PM artificially to larger sizes when measured with traditional monitors. Magnetic properties are largely independent of the PM filter size (PM10, PM4, and PM2.5), and demonstrate the presence of superparamagnetic (< 30 nm), single-domain (30-70 nm), and vortex/pseudo-single domain (70-700 nm) signals only (i.e., no multi-domain particles > 1 µm). The oxidized nature of the particles suggests that PM exposure in the LU is dominated by resuspension of aged dust particles relative to freshly abraded, metallic particles from the wheel/track/brake system, suggesting that periodic removal of accumulated dust from underground tunnels might provide a cost-effective strategy for reducing exposure. The abundance of ultrafine particles identified here could have particularly adverse health impacts as their smaller size makes it possible to pass from lungs to the blood stream. Magnetic methods are shown to provide an accurate assessment of ultrafine PM characteristics, providing a robust route to monitoring, and potentially mitigating this hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Sheikh
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - P. Y. Tung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - E. Ringe
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - R. J. Harrison
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leite ADS, Rousse S, Léon J, Trindade RIF, Haoues‐Jouve S, Carvallo C, Dias‐Alves M, Proietti A, Nardin E, Macouin M. Barking up the Right Tree: Using Tree Bark to Track Airborne Particles in School Environment and Link Science to Society. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2022GH000633. [PMID: 36089983 PMCID: PMC9432803 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children's exposure to air pollution affects both their health and learning skills. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM1), notably issued from traffic sources in urban centers, belong to the most potential harmful health hazards. However their monitoring and the society's awareness on their dangers need to be consolidated. In this study, raising teacher and pupil involvement for air quality improvement in their schools environment is reached through developing a passive monitoring technique (bio-sensors made of tree bark). The experiment was implemented in two urban elementary schools situated close to a main traffic road of the city of Toulouse (South of France). Magnetic properties, carbonaceous fraction measurements, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM-EDX) investigations were realized both on passive bio-sensors and filters issued from active sampling. We find that traffic is the main PM1 source for both outdoors and indoors at schools. Higher levels of outdoor PM in the school's environments compared to urban background are reached especially in the cold period. The schools proximity to a main traffic source and lack of ventilation are the main causes for observed PM1 accumulation in classrooms. The co-working experiment with educational teams and pupils shows that the use of bio-sensors is a driver for children empowerment to air pollution and therefore represents a potential key tool for the teachers though limiting eco-anxiety. As PM accumulation is observed in many scholar environments across Europe, the proposed methodology is a step toward a better assessment of PM impact on pupil's health and learning skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. d. S. Leite
- Géosciences Environnement ToulouseCNRSIRDUniversité Toulouse 3CNESToulouseFrance
| | - S. Rousse
- Géosciences Environnement ToulouseCNRSIRDUniversité Toulouse 3CNESToulouseFrance
| | - J.‐F. Léon
- Laboratoire d’AérologieCNRSUniversité Toulouse 3ToulouseFrance
| | - R. I. F. Trindade
- Departamento de GeofísicaInstituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências AtmosféricasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - S. Haoues‐Jouve
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités Sociétés TerritoiresCNRSUniversité Toulouse 2EHESSENSFEAToulouseFrance
| | - C. Carvallo
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - M. Dias‐Alves
- Laboratoire d’AérologieCNRSUniversité Toulouse 3ToulouseFrance
| | - A. Proietti
- Centre de Microcaractérisation Raimond CastaingUniversité Toulouse 3ToulouseFrance
| | - E. Nardin
- Géosciences Environnement ToulouseCNRSIRDUniversité Toulouse 3CNESToulouseFrance
| | - M. Macouin
- Géosciences Environnement ToulouseCNRSIRDUniversité Toulouse 3CNESToulouseFrance
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Tao X, Song E, Song Y. Iron oxide nanoparticles oxidize transformed RAW 264.7 macrophages into foam cells: Impact of pulmonary surfactant component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134617. [PMID: 35430205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are one of the most important components in airborne particulate matter that originally generated from traffic emission, iron ore mining, coal combustion and melting of engine fragments. Once IONPs entered respiratory tract and deposit in the alveoli, they may interact with pulmonary surfactant (PS) that distributed in the alveolar lining. Thereafter, it is necessary to investigate the interaction of inhaled IONPs and PS, which helps the understanding of health risk of respiratory health induced by IONPs. Using dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major components of PS, as a lipid model, we explored the interaction of DPPC with typical IONPs, Fe3O4 NPs and amino-functionalized analogue (Fe3O4-NH2 NPs). DPPC was readily adsorbed on the surface of both IONPs. Although DPPC corona depressed the cellular uptake of IONPs, IONPs@DPPC complexes caused higher cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 macrophages, compared to pristine IONPs. Mechanistic studies have shown that IONPs react with intracellular hydrogen peroxide, which promotes the Fenton reaction, to generate hydroxyl radicals. Iron ions could oxidize lipids to form lipid peroxides, and lipid hydroperoxides will decompose to generate hydroxyl radicals, which further promote cellular oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, and the release of inflammatory factors. These findings demonstrated the phenomenon of coronal component oxidation, which contributed to IONPs-induced cytotoxicity. This study offered a brand-new toxicological mechanism of IONPs at the molecular level, which is helpful for further understanding the adverse effects of IONPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rangel-Alvarado R, Pal D, Ariya P. PM 2.5 decadal data in cold vs. mild climate airports: COVID-19 era and a call for sustainable air quality policy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58133-58148. [PMID: 35364791 PMCID: PMC8975444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Airports are identified hotspots for air pollution, notably for fine particles (PM2.5) that are pivotal in aerosol-cloud interaction processes of climate change and human health. We herein studied the field observation and statistical analysis of 10-year data of PM2.5 and selected emitted co-pollutants (CO, NOx, and O3), in the vicinity of three major Canadian airports, with moderate to cold climates. The decadal data analysis indicated that in colder climate airports, pollutants like PM2.5 and CO accumulate disproportionally to their emissions in fall and winter, in comparison to airports in milder climates. Decadal daily averages and standard errors of PM2.5 concentrations were as follows: Vancouver, 5.31 ± 0.017; Toronto, 6.71 ± 0.199; and Montreal, 7.52 ± 0.023 μg/m3. The smallest and the coldest airport with the least flights/passengers had the highest PM2.5 concentration. QQQ-ICP-MS/MS and HR-S/TEM analysis of aerosols near Montreal Airport indicated a wide range of emerging contaminants (Cd, Mo, Co, As, Ni, Cr, and Pb) ranging from 0.90 to 622 μg/L, which were also observed in the atmosphere. During the lockdown, a pronounced decrease in the concentrations of PM2.5 and submicron particles, including nanoparticles, in residential areas close to airports was observed, conforming with the recommended workplace health thresholds (~ 2 × 104 cm-3), while before the lockdown, condensable particles were up to ~ 1 × 105 cm-3. Targeted reduction of PM2.5 emission is recommended for cold climate regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devendra Pal
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Parisa Ariya
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada.
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Botsou F, Sungur A, Kelepertzis E, Kypritidou Z, Daferera O, Massas I, Argyraki A, Skordas K, Soylak M. Estimating remobilization of potentially toxic elements in soil and road dust of an industrialized urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:526. [PMID: 35739281 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of paramount concern in urban settings, particularly those affected by industrial activities. Here, contaminated soils and road dusts of the medium-size, industrialized city of Volos, Central Greece, were subjected to single-step extractions (0.43 M HNO3 and 0.5 M HCl) and the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. This approach will allow for a better understanding of the geochemical phase partitioning of PTEs and associated risks in urban environmental matrices. Based on single extraction procedures, Pb and Zn exhibited the highest remobilization potential. Of the non-residual phases, the reducible was the most important for Pb, and the oxidizable for Cu and Zn in both media. On the other hand, mobility of Ni, Cr, and Fe was low, as inferred by their dominance into the residual fraction. Interestingly, we found a significant increase of the residual fraction in the road dust samples compared to soils. Carbonate content and organic matter controlled the extractabilities of PTEs in the soil samples. By contrast, for the road dust, magnetic susceptibility exerted the main control on the geochemical partitioning of PTEs. We suggest that anthropogenic particles emitted by heavy industries reside in the residual fraction of the SEP, raising concerns about the assessment of this fraction in terms of origin of PTEs and potential environmental risks. Conclusively, the application of sequential extraction procedures should be complemented with source identification of PTEs with the aim to better estimate the remobilization of PHEs in soil and road dust influenced by industrial emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Botsou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Sungur
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece.
| | - Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ourania Daferera
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Massas
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skordas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
O’Day PA, Pattammattel A, Aronstein P, Leppert VJ, Forman HJ. Iron Speciation in Respirable Particulate Matter and Implications for Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7006-7016. [PMID: 35235749 PMCID: PMC9179659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution poses a major global health risk, but the role of iron (Fe) is not clearly defined because chemistry at the particle-cell interface is often not considered. Detailed spectromicroscopy characterizations of PM2.5 samples from the San Joaquin Valley, CA identified major Fe-bearing components and estimated their relative proportions. Iron in ambient PM2.5 was present in spatially and temporally variable mixtures, mostly as Fe(III) oxides and phyllosilicates, but with significant fractions of metallic iron (Fe(0)), Fe(II,III) oxide, and Fe(III) bonded to organic carbon. Fe(0) was present as aggregated, nm-sized particles that comprised up to ∼30% of the Fe spectral fraction. Mixtures reflect anthropogenic and geogenic particles subjected to environmental weathering, but reduced Fe in PM originates from anthropogenic sources, likely as abrasion products. Possible mechanistic pathways involving Fe(0) particles and mixtures of Fe(II) and Fe(III) surface species may generate hydrogen peroxide and oxygen-centered radical species (hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, or superoxide) in Fenton-type reactions. From a health perspective, PM mixtures with reduced and oxidized Fe will have a disproportionate effect in cellular response after inhalation because of their tendency to shuttle electrons and produce oxidants and electrophiles that induce inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy A. O’Day
- Life
and Environmental Sciences Department and the Sierra Nevada Research
Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Program, University of
California, Merced, 95343, United States
| | - Ajith Pattammattel
- Life
and Environmental Sciences Department and the Sierra Nevada Research
Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
- NSLS
II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 United States
| | - Paul Aronstein
- Environmental
Systems Graduate Program, University of
California, Merced, 95343, United States
| | - Valerie J. Leppert
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Life
and Environmental Sciences Department and the Sierra Nevada Research
Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
- Leonard
Davis School of Gerontology, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Winkler A, Contardo T, Lapenta V, Sgamellotti A, Loppi S. Assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter on cultural heritage by magnetic biomonitoring at Villa Farnesina in Rome, Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153729. [PMID: 35143797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biomonitoring methodologies were applied at Villa Farnesina, Rome, a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, with loggias frescoed by renowned artists such as Raffaello Sanzio. Plant leaves were sampled in September and December 2020 and lichen transplants were exposed from October 2020 to early January 2021 at increasing distances from the main trafficked road, Lungotevere Farnesina, introducing an outdoor vs. indoor mixed sampling design aimed at assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter (PM) on the Villa Loggias. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens - inferred from magnetic susceptibility values, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves - showed that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with trace metals such as Cu, Ba and Sb, decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, and was mainly linked to metallic emission from vehicle brake abrasion. For the frescoed Halls, ca. 30 m from the road, the exposure to traffic-related emissions was very limited or negligible. Tree and shrub leaves of the Lungotevere and of the Villa's Gardens intercepted much traffic-derived PM, thus being able to protect the indoor cultural heritage and providing an essential conservation service. It is concluded that the joint use of magnetic and chemical analyses can profitably be used for evaluating the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage within complex metropolitan contexts as a preventive conservation measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Winkler
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tania Contardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040164. [PMID: 35448425 PMCID: PMC9028025 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen Y, Zhang W, Dong C, Hutchinson SM, Feng H. Characteristics of iron-containing magnetic particles in household dust from an urban area: A case study in the megacity of Shanghai. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127212. [PMID: 34879540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the magnetic properties and trace sources of household dust particles, magnetic measurements, geochemical and SEM/TEM analyses were performed on vacuum dust from 40 homes in Shanghai, China. Iron-containing magnetic particles (IMPs) in the household dust were dominated by magnetite, while maghemite, hematite and metallic iron were also present. The IMPs were mainly composed of coarse-grained particles (e.g., >0.1 µm). Ultrafine superparamagnetic (SP) grains (<30 nm) increased proportionately with the abundance of the total IMPs. Household dust had more and coarser IMPs than background soil, but less and finer IMPs than street dust and industrial emissions (coal combustion and metallurgy). Metallic Fe and spherical IMPs, originating from brake wear abrasion and coal combustion, respectively, have been observed using the SEM/TEM. Contents of magnetic particles were positively correlated to Mo, Ni and Sb, while HIRM was associated with As, Mo, Pb and Sb. The multiple lines of evidence including magnetic measurements, geochemical and SEM/TEM analyses suggested that industrial and traffic emissions and street dust were dominant contributors to the IMPs. Such an approach can help to establish more precisely the sources of household dust particles and could be applied to other indoor contexts and further urban environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Chenyin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Gt. Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Origin of Dust Particles in Atmospheric Air in Krakow (Poland) (Atmospheric Background). LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
For several decades air pollution in Krakow has been a serious and an unresolved environmental and social problem. The causes of high concentration of particulate matter, such as PM10 and PM2.5 in Krakow are both natural and anthropogenic. Nevertheless, the sources of dust pollution have not been fully determined yet. The main source of dust in Krakow is local emissions, however, particles from adjacent areas might also contribute significantly to the pollution. Transboundary dust should also be taken into account while investigating the problem. The aim of the study is to determine what type of particles are present in the atmospheric air in Krakow and to make an attempt at determining their sources. The analytical method applied in the study was the Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). In addition, the HYSPLIT model was used for data analysis and for determination of particles source areas. The analysis of individual dust particles indicates that they are very diverse in terms of chemical composition and particle size. Moreover, the analysis shows that the particles are of various origins, such as anthropogenic and natural, as well as that some of them are formed in the air by chemical reactions. The analysis of particulate matter demonstrates that the majority of it consists of particles with a diameter of less than 1 μm. The concentration of very fine soot particles (nanoparticles) seems to be the highest, however, spherical aluminosilicate particles such as iron and titanium oxides are also found.
Collapse
|
39
|
Adamiec E, Jarosz-Krzemińska E, Bilkiewicz-Kubarek A. Adverse health and environmental outcomes of cycling in heavily polluted urban environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:148. [PMID: 34996903 PMCID: PMC8742072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling is a healthy habit; however, are its benefits outweighing risks when biking in heavily trafficked and air-polluted cities? Research involved studying contamination with traffic-related elements of dust collected from bike paths located in top trafficked cities of Europe in Poland. Human health risk was assessed via inhalation and ingestion pathways for adults and children. Bike path dust was heavily contaminated with Zn, Cd (Geoaccumulation index Igeo 4) and Pb (Igeo 3), sourced predominantly from nonexhaust car emissions. The concentrations of metals in dust decreased in the following descending order: Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. A fractionation study revealed that Zn and Cd are almost entirely bioavailable (Mobility factor MF above 90%), causing hazards to humans and the environment. The highest congested intersections result in more TRAP-contaminated dust deposited on bike paths, which is easily resuspended, posing a health risk for cyclists or pedestrians. Avoiding cycling in proximity to heavily trafficked routes should be considered, when possible, as well as physical removal of dust by wet sweeping to limit dust resuspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Adamiec
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ingo GM, Riccucci C, Pisani G, Pascucci M, D'Ercole D, Guerriero E, Boccaccini F, Falso G, Zambonini G, Paolini V, Di Carlo G. The vehicle braking systems as main source of inhalable airborne magnetite particles in trafficked areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106991. [PMID: 34991252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nano-particles (MNPs) have been found in human tissues and causally linked to serious illnesses. The possible negative role of MNPs has been not still fully ascertained even though MNPs might cause health effects due to their magnetic property, redox activity and surface charge. The origin of MNPs in human tissues still remains to be unambiguously identified since biological processes, natural phenomena and anthropogenic production have been proposed. According to this latter increasingly convincing hypothesis, anthropogenic MNPs might enter mainly in the human body via inhalation, penetrate deeply into the lungs and in the alveoli and also migrate into the blood circulation and gather in the extrapulmonary organs and central nervous system. In order to identify the releasing source of the potentially inhalable MNPs, we pioneered an innovative approach to rapidly investigate elemental profile and morphology of a large number of airborne micron and sub-micron-sized Fe-bearing particles (FePs). The study was performed by collecting a large amount of micron and sub-micron sized inhalable airborne FePs in trafficked and densely frequented areas of Rome (Italy). Then, we have investigated individually the elemental profile and morphology of the collected particles by means of high-spatial resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and an automated software purposely developed for the metal-bearing particles analysis. On the basis of specific elemental tracing features, the investigation reveals that almost the total amount of the airborne FePs is released by the vehicle braking systems mainly in the form of magnetite. Furthermore, we point out that our approach might be more generally used to identify the releasing sources of different inorganic airborne particles and to contribute to establish more accurately the impact of specific natural or anthropogenic particles on the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Ingo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Riccucci
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pisani
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Pascucci
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele D'Ercole
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Boccaccini
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; University of Rome "Sapienza", p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Falso
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zambonini
- Central Anticrime Directorate of the Italian National Police, Forensic Science Police Service, via Tuscolana 1548, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Paolini
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Carlo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome 1 Research Area, via Salaria km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei N, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Jin J, Chang J, Yang Z, Ma C, Jia Z, Ren C, Wu L, Peng J, Mao H. Super-learner model realizes the transient prediction of CO 2 and NOx of diesel trucks: Model development, evaluation and interpretation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106977. [PMID: 34775187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transient simulation of CO2 and NOX from motor vehicles has essential applications in evaluating vehicular greenhouse gas emissions and pollutant emissions. However, accurately estimating vehicular transient emissions is challenging due to the heterogeneity between different vehicles and the continuous upgrading of vehicle exhaust purification technology. To accurately characterize the transient emissions of motor vehicles, a Super-learner model is used to build CO2 and NOx transient emission models. The actual onboard test data of 9 China VI N2 vehicles were used to train the model, and the test data of another China VI N2 vehicle were selected for further robustness verification. There were significant differences in the emissions between the vehicles, but the constructed transient model could capture the common law of transient emissions from China VI N2 vehicles. The R2 values of CO2 and NOx emission in the test data of the validation vehicle were 0.71 and 0.82, respectively. In addition, to further prove the model's robustness, the training data were synchronously modelled based on the Moves-method. The Super-learner model has a smaller RMSE on the validation set than the model based on the Moves-method, indicating that the Super-learner model has more transient simulation advantages. The marginal contributions of the model characteristics to the model results were analysed by SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) value interpretation, and the marginal contributions of different pollutant characteristic parameters varied. Therefore, when establishing transient models of different pollutants, the selection of the model parameters demands considering the generation and purification process of different pollutants. The present work provides novel insights into the parameter selection, construction, and interpretation of the transient vehicle emission model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junyu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunzhe Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Winkler A, Amoroso A, Di Giosa A, Marchegiani G. The effect of Covid-19 lockdown on airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy: A magnetic point of view. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118191. [PMID: 34547660 PMCID: PMC8443154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Between 9 March and 18 May 2020, strict lockdown measures were adopted in Italy for containing the COVID-19 pandemic: in Rome, despite vehicular traffic on average was more than halved, it was not observed a evident decrease of the airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations, as assessed by air quality data. In this study, daily PM10 filters were collected from selected automated stations operated in Rome by the regional network of air quality monitoring: their magnetic properties - including magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis parameters and FORC (first order reversal curves) diagrams - were compared during and after the lockdown, for outlining the impact of the COVID-19 measures on airborne particulate matter. In urban traffic sites, the PM10 concentrations did not significantly change after the end of the lockdown, when vehicular traffic promptly returned to its usual levels; conversely, the average volume and mass magnetic susceptibilities approximately doubled, and the linear correlation between volume magnetic susceptibility and PM10 concentration became significant, pointing out the link between PM10 concentrations and the increasing levels of traffic-related magnetic emissions. Magnetite-like minerals, attributed to non-exhaust brakes emissions, dominated the magnetic fraction of PM10 near urban traffic sites, with natural magnetic components emerging in background sites and during exogenous dusts atmospheric events. Magnetic susceptibility constituted a fast and sensitive proxy of vehicular particulate emissions: the magnetic properties can play a relevant role in the source apportionment of PM10, especially when unsignificant variations in its concentration levels may mask important changes in the traffic-related magnetic fraction. As a further hint, increasing attention should be drawn to the reduction of brake wear emissions, that are overcoming by far fuel exhausts as the main particulate pollutant in traffic contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Winkler
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quantification and Characterization of Metals in Ultrafine Road Dust Particles. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Road dust is an important source of resuspended particulate matter (PM) but information is lacking on the chemical composition of the ultrafine particle fraction (UFP; <0.1 µm). This study investigated metal concentrations in UFP isolated from the “dust box” of sweepings collected by the City of Toronto, Canada, using regenerative-air-street sweepers. Dust box samples from expressway, arterial and local roads were aerosolized in the laboratory and were separated into thirteen particle size fractions ranging from 10 nm to 10 µm (PM10). The UFP fraction accounted for about 2% of the total mass of resuspended PM10 (range 0.23–8.36%). Elemental analysis using ICP-MS and ICP-OES revealed a marked enrichment in Cd, Cr, Zn and V concentration in UFP compared to the dust box material (nano to dust box ratio ≥ 2). UFP from arterial roads contained two times more Cd, Zn and V and nine times more Cr than UFP from local roads. The highest median concentration of Zn was observed for the municipal expressway, attributed to greater volumes of traffic, including light to heavy duty vehicles, and higher speeds. The observed elevated concentrations of transition metals in UFP are a human health concern, given their potential to cause oxidative stress in lung cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wilczyńska-Michalik W, Różańska A, Bulanda M, Chmielarczyk A, Pietras B, Michalik M. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of urban aerosols in Krakow (Poland) and their potential health impact. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4601-4626. [PMID: 33913083 PMCID: PMC8528768 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight aerosol samples were collected in Krakow using a low-volume sampler in February and March 2019 during variable meteorological conditions and times of the day, to study their single particles' properties (size, morphology and chemical composition analyzed using a scanning electron microscope fitted with an energy-dispersive spectrometer) and microbiological characteristics. The content of particles of different chemical compositions larger than 2.5 μm was low. Considering the number of the particles, submicron particles strongly dominated with a high content of ultrafine particles (nanoparticles). Tar ball-type particles were relatively common in the studied samples, while soot was the dominant component. Soot was present as small agglomerates composed of few particles, but also as bigger agglomerates. Metal-containing particles of various chemical characteristics were abundant, with transition metals commonly occurring in these particles. The physicochemical characteristics of aerosols indicate that despite a relatively low mass concentration, their adverse health impact could be very strong because of the high content of nanoparticles, the abundance of soot and other fuel combustion-related particles, and the high incidence of transition metal-rich particles. Microbiological analysis was based on cultures on both solid and liquid agar. The MALDI-TOF method was used for species identification-for bacteria and fungi. Twelve different species of bacteria were isolated from the collected samples of aerosols. The most frequently isolated species was Gram-positive sporulating Bacillus licheniformis. The isolated mold fungi were of the genus Aspergillus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Pietras
- Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University in Kraków, ul. Podchorążych 2, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Michalik
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gonet T, Maher BA, Nyirő-Kósa I, Pósfai M, Vaculík M, Kukutschová J. Size-resolved, quantitative evaluation of the magnetic mineralogy of airborne brake-wear particulate emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117808. [PMID: 34329055 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate air pollution has been associated with a variety of respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological problems, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Brake-wear emissions are one of the major sources of metal-rich airborne particulate pollution in roadside environments. Of potentially bioreactive metals, Fe (especially in its ferrous form, Fe2+) might play a specific role in both neurological and cardiovascular impairments. Here, we collected brake-wear particulate emissions using a full-scale brake dynamometer, and used a combination of magnetic measurements and electron microscopy to make quantitative evaluation of the magnetic composition and particle size of airborne emissions originating from passenger car brake systems. Our results show that the concentrations of Fe-rich magnetic grains in airborne brake-wear emissions are very high (i.e., ~100-10,000 × higher), compared to other types of particulate pollutants produced in most urban environments. From magnetic component analysis, the average magnetite mass concentration in total PM10 of brake emissions is ~20.2 wt% and metallic Fe ~1.6 wt%. Most brake-wear airborne particles (>99 % of particle number concentration) are smaller than 200 nm. Using low-temperature magnetic measurements, we observed a strong superparamagnetic signal (indicative of ultrafine magnetic particles, < ~30 nm) for all of the analysed size fractions of airborne brake-wear particles. Transmission electron microscopy independently shows that even the larger size fractions of airborne brake-wear emissions dominantly comprise agglomerates of ultrafine (<100 nm) particles (UFPs). Such UFPs likely pose a threat to neuronal and cardiovascular health after inhalation and/or ingestion. The observed abundance of ultrafine magnetite particles (estimated to constitute ~7.6 wt% of PM0.2) might be especially hazardous to the brain, contributing both to microglial inflammatory action and excess generation of reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gonet
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ilona Nyirő-Kósa
- MTA-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, 10 Egyetem Street, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Mihály Pósfai
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, H8200, Hungary
| | - Miroslav Vaculík
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Centre for Advanced Innovative Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kukutschová
- Centre for Advanced Innovative Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Z, Xia X, Lv X, Song E, Song Y. Iron-bearing nanoparticles trigger human umbilical vein endothelial cells ferroptotic responses by promoting intracellular iron level. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117345. [PMID: 34004477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron-bearing nanoparticles (IBNPs) were abundant in particulate matter (PM). Due to their high reactivity, IBNPs were considered hazardous to human health, however, their toxic mode-of-action(s) are highly unclear. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death (PCD) that highly associated with intracellular iron. However, the pro-ferroptotic effect of IBNPs has not been characterized. To this end, we ought to investigate whether and how IBNPs (synthetic γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs were selected as the model compounds) are involved in ferroptosis. We found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) phagocytized large qualities of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs, resulting in increased intracellular iron level. We further observed the disrupted cystine/glutamate reverse transporter (System Xc-) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling in γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs-challenged HUVECs. γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 NPs could also cause mitochondrial fusion and fission dysregulation, activate lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism-related genes in a P53-dependent manner. Together, the ferroptotic activity of IBNPs should be acknowledged for the risk assessment of PM associated health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wiseman CLS, Levesque C, Rasmussen PE. Characterizing the sources, concentrations and resuspension potential of metals and metalloids in the thoracic fraction of urban road dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147467. [PMID: 33971596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Road dust is a sink and source of metals and metalloids of human health concern. To date, many studies have examined the composition of road dust but there remain critical knowledge gaps on the chemistry of thoracic fractions (< 10 μm) and their patterns of deposition and resuspension. The goal of this study is to characterize the elemental concentrations and sources of thoracic fractions of road dust and their resuspension potential for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bulk and thoracic road sweepings were acid digested (HF, HClO4, HNO3 and HCl) and the elemental concentrations measured using ICP-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to infer source emissions. Annual elemental loadings to roads were estimated using data on total sweepings collected by the City of Toronto. The mass amounts of metals and metalloids (< 10 μm) available for resuspension were calculated assuming a contribution of 10% to total loadings for this fraction. The median trace element concentrations in city sweepings (n = 64) ranged from highest to lowest as follows: Mn > Zn > Ba > Cr > Cu > Pb > V > Ni > Sn > Mo > Co > As > Sb > Cd. Iron, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo and Cu levels were significantly associated with road class, with the highest concentrations measured for the expressway. Most elements, especially Sb and Zn, were enriched in thoracic sweepings. The PCA results demonstrate the importance of non-fossil fuel, traffic-related elemental emissions. Difficulties in identifying sources, given uncertainties regarding overlapping chemical profiles, are also highlighted. Significant elemental loadings to roads were estimated to occur, with the largest amounts identified for Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr and Cu. Road dust resuspension is predicted to be the most important source of emissions for Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, V, Sn, Mo, Co and Sb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L S Wiseman
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto (Scarborough), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Christine Levesque
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pat E Rasmussen
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kaumbekova S, Torkmahalleh MA, Shah D. Impact of ultrafine particles and secondary inorganic ions on early onset and progression of amyloid aggregation: Insights from molecular simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117147. [PMID: 33894535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, associated with the aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and formation of plaques. The impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particles (UFPs), on early onset and progression of AD has been recently hypothesized. Considering their small size, carbon black nanoparticles and UFPs can penetrate into human organism and affect Alzheimer's progression. While experiments show that the exposure of PM and UFPs can lead to enhanced concentrations of Aβ peptides, the interactions between the peptides and UFPs remain obscured. Particularly, the impact of UFPs on the initial rate of aggregation of the peptides is ambiguous. Herein, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides, an aggregation-prone segment of Aβ, in the presence of UFPs, mimicked by C60, under different salt solutions suggesting the presence of the inorganic constituents of PM in the blood. In particular, the simulations were performed in the presence of Na+, Cl- and CO3-2 ions to characterize typical buffer environments and electrolytes present in human blood. Furthermore, NH4+, NO3- and SO4-2 ions, found in PM, were used in the simulations. The results revealed high propensity for the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides. Moreover, the peptides made clusters with C60 molecules, that would be expected to act as a nucleation site for the formation of amyloid plaques. Taken together, the results showed that UFPs affected the peptide aggregation differently, depending on the type of ions present in the simulation environment. In the presence of C60, SO4-2 and NO3- ions accelerated the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides, however, NH4+ ions decelerated their aggregation. In addition, UFP lowered β-sheets amounts at all environments, except NaCl solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samal Kaumbekova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
| | - Dhawal Shah
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang W, Gao J, Lu L, Bold T, Li X, Wang S, Chang Z, Chen J, Kong X, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Tang J. Intracellular GSH/GST antioxidants system change as an earlier biomarker for toxicity evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100338. [PMID: 35559839 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are two frontlines of cellular defense against both acute and chronic toxicity of xenobiotics-induced oxidative stress. The contribution of GSH and GST enzymes to signaling pathways and the regulation of GSH homeostasis play a central role in the detoxification of numerous environmental toxins and impurities. Iron oxide nanoparticles stemmed from traffic exhaust, steel manufacturing, or welding as a potential environmental pollution can lead to adverse respiratory outcomes and aggravate the risk of chronic health conditions via persistent oxidative stress. In this work, two kinds of acute exposure experiments of iron oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) nanoparticles in cells and in vivo were conducted to evaluate the GSH levels and GST activity. Our current research presented Fe3O4 nanoparticles at lower concentrations (≤100 μg/ml) seem to be more toxic to the human bronchial epithelial cells as their consumption of GSH and decrease of GST activity. The catalysis activity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles per se may contribute to the intracellular GSH consumption along with inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase class mu 1 and P (GSTM1 and GSTP1) active site and expression decrease of GSTM1 and GSTP1. Accordingly, the GSH consumption and decrease in GST activity directed to the further lipid peroxidation regarded as an earlier marker for toxicity evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles, and relevant intervention may be effective for prevention of respiratory exposure induced damage from iron oxide nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhang
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinling Gao
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Infection Management Service, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tsendmaa Bold
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Li
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhishang Chang
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Departmental of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hilker N, Jeong CH, Wang JM, Evans GJ. Elucidating long-term trends, seasonal variability, and local impacts from thirteen years of near-road particle size data (2006-2019). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145028. [PMID: 33610998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significant attention, especially in the last decade, has been focussed on elevated concentrations of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) in urban areas and the adverse health effects associated with exposure to UFP. Despite this, there is a relative scarcity of long-term ambient UFP measurements. This study examined trends in UFP measurements made continuously near a busy roadway in downtown Toronto, Canada, between the years 2006 and 2019 using a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS). These long-term trends were associated with other air pollutant concentrations-namely: nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter mass concentrations (PM2.5)-and persistent declining trends were observed for each during the study period. From 2006 to 2019, reductions of 45%, 68%, 39%, 83%, and 41%, for UFP, NO, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5, respectively, were observed. These reductions are in part associated with a total phase-out of coal-fired electricity generation in Ontario, Canada, between 2004 and 2015, and continuous improvements in vehicle emissions control technologies. Additionally, deconvolution of the time-series yielded seasonal fluctuations which were analysed as a function of particle diameter and ambient temperature, the results from which may aid in the comparison of UFP measurements made in climates with different ambient temperature ranges in a meaningful way. Finally, the UFP data were background-subtracted and it was found that local sources (such as vehicle traffic) contributed ~45% to total concentrations and this fraction remained relatively constant throughout the study. A multilinear function regressed on these local and background concentrations better elucidated the sources contributing to UFP variability-background concentrations were largely covariate with SO2 emissions whereas local concentrations were more affected by NO emissions. The data in this study shows clear co-benefits to reducing UFP concentrations by targeting NOx and SOx emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hilker
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Cheol-Heon Jeong
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wang
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, ON M3P 3V6, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|