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Li Z, Yang C, Yan K, Xia M, Yan Z, Wang D, Wang W. Rational design of a polypropylene composite foam with open-cell structure via graphite conductive network for sound absorption. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1089-1099. [PMID: 38221881 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
An exciting result is reported in this study where a polypropylene (PP) foam with a high open-cell content was achieved by constructing a thermally conductive network for the first time. PP and nano-graphite particles were used as substrate and filler, respectively, to prepare the PP-graphite (PP-G) composite foam by twin-screw blending, hot pressing, and supercritical CO2 foaming. The nano-graphite particles can effectively adjust the microstructure of the PP-G foam and achieve a high porosity. When the amount of nano-graphite is 10.0 wt%, the PP-G foam exhibits optimal sound absorption performance, compression resistance, heat insulation, and hydrophobic properties. In the human-sensitive frequency range of 1000-6000 Hz, the corresponding average SAC is above 0.9, and the internal tortuosity is 5.27. After 50 cycles of compression, the compressive stress is 980 kPa and the SAC loss is only 7.8%. This study also innovatively proposed a new strategy to achieve the simple and rapid preparation of open-cell PP foams by increasing the thermal conductivity of the foaming substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Ming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Zhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products (Wuhan Textile University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Yuan Z, Zhao X, Ye L. Skinless Polyphenylene Sulfide Foam with Enhanced Thermal Insulation Properties Fabricated by Constructing Aligned Gas Barrier Layers for Surface-Constrained sc-CO 2 Foaming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37329323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A solid skin layer inevitably forms on the foam surface for supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) foaming technology, leading to deterioration of some inherent properties of polymeric foams. In this work, skinless polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) foam was fabricated with a surface-constrained sc-CO2 foaming method by innovatively constructing aligned epoxy resin/ferromagnetic graphene oxide composites (EP/GO@Fe3O4) as a CO2 barrier layer under a magnetic field. Introduction of GO@Fe3O4 and its ordered alignment led to an obvious decrease in the CO2 permeability coefficient of the barrier layer, a significant increase of the CO2 concentration in the PPS matrix, and a decrease of desorption diffusivity in the depressurization stage, suggesting that the composite layers effectively inhibited the escape of CO2 dissolved in the matrix. Meanwhile, the strong interfacial interaction between the composite layer and the PPS matrix remarkably enhanced the heterogeneous nucleation of cells at the interface, resulting in elimination of the solid skin layer and formation of an obvious cellular structure on the foam surface. Moreover, by the alignment of GO@Fe3O4 in EP, the CO2 permeability coefficient of the barrier layer became much lower, and the cell density on the foam surface further increased with decreasing cell size, which was even higher than that of the cross section of foam, attributed to stronger heterogeneous nucleation at the interface than the homogeneous nucleation in the core region of the sample. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the skinless PPS foam reached as low as 0.0365 W/m·k, decreasing by 49.5% compared with that of regular PPS foam, showing a remarkable improvement in the thermal insulation properties of PPS foam. This work provided a novel and effective method for fabricating skinless PPS foam with enhanced thermal insulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Yuan Z, Zhao X, Ye L. Super-strong Polyphenylene Oxide/Polyphenylene Sulfide Blend Foam Fabricated by Constructing Highly Oriented Crystalline Structure. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Guo Q, Shi D, Yang C, Wu G. Preparation of polymer-based foam for efficient oil-water separation based on surface engineering. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3041-3051. [PMID: 35357391 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The leakages of a large number of organic solvents and oil spills not only cause extensive economic losses, but also destroy the ecological environment. However, there were few studies on the surface engineering of adsorption materials for efficient oil-water separation in complex environments. In this research, through surface engineering, the polymer-based foam exhibited high efficiency oil-water separation performance in different pH environments. Hydrophobic groups were introduced onto the surface of nano-sized SiO2 particles via hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions, and then the modified SiO2 was loaded on the foam. After modification, the water contact angle of the modified foam increased from 116.4° to 152.5°, and the oil-water separation performance was obviously enhanced. The oil removal rate of the modified foam remained above 96%. The highest capacity of petroleum diesel was 33.4 g-1, which was much higher than other similar adsorption materials. In addition, the modified foam maintained good hydrophobicity and oil removal rate in a wide pH range. The efficient oleophilic and hydrophobic foam prepared by combining green physical foaming with surface engineering was expected to be widely used in large-scale organic solvent recovery and oil leakage emergency treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Dean Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Chenguang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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Guo Q, Shi D, Yang C, Wu G. Supercritical CO2 assisted construction of carbon black/polypropylene composite foams with bioinspired open-cell micro-nano hierarchical structure and outstanding performance for oil/water separation. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Li J, Xie Y, Hu J, Zhu X, Sun S, Jing X, Mi HY, Liu C, Shen C. Fabrication of wrinkled thermoplastic polyurethane foams by dynamic supercritical carbon dioxide foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Effect of silica‐coated
TiO
2
nanorods on the foamability of polypropylene and photostability of foamed polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Resin Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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The effect of polytetrafluoroethylene particle size on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)-based composites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6802. [PMID: 33762666 PMCID: PMC7991650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, including three types of PTFE powders, were prepared by melt blending using a HAAKE torque rheometer. Microcellular foams were successfully fabricated by batch foaming with supercritical fluids (scCO2). The effects of PTFE powder type on crystallization, rheological properties and foaming behavior were studied. PTFE L-5 and PTFE JH-220 powders showed good dispersion in the PBS matrix, and PTFE FA-500 powder underwent fibrillation during the melt blending process. All three PTFE powders gradually increased the crystallization temperature of PBS from 78.2 to 91.8 ℃ and the crystallinity from 45.6 to 61.7% without apparent changes in the crystal structure. Rheological results revealed that PBS/PTFE composites had a higher storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity than those of pure PBS. In particular, the complex viscosity of the PBS/P500 composite increased by an order of magnitude in the low-frequency region. The foamed structure of PBS was obviously improved by adding PTFE powder, and the effect of fibrillated PTFE FA-500 was the most remarkable, with a pore mean diameter of 5.46 μm and a pore density of 1.86 × 109 cells/cm3 (neat PBS foam: 32.49 μm and 1.95 × 107 cells/cm3). Moreover, PBS/P500 foam always guarantees hydrophobicity.
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Yang C, Yan K, Wen X, Cai P, Wu G. Radiation Grafting Assisted Preparation of Layered Structure Polypropylene Foam with Superthermal Insulation and Hydrophobic Properties via a Supercritical CO 2 Batch Foaming Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Peijun Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Yang C, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Xia M, Yan K, Lu J, Wu G. High thermal insulation and compressive strength polypropylene microcellular foams with honeycomb structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Alekseev ES, Alentiev AY, Belova AS, Bogdan VI, Bogdan TV, Bystrova AV, Gafarova ER, Golubeva EN, Grebenik EA, Gromov OI, Davankov VA, Zlotin SG, Kiselev MG, Koklin AE, Kononevich YN, Lazhko AE, Lunin VV, Lyubimov SE, Martyanov ON, Mishanin II, Muzafarov AM, Nesterov NS, Nikolaev AY, Oparin RD, Parenago OO, Parenago OP, Pokusaeva YA, Ronova IA, Solovieva AB, Temnikov MN, Timashev PS, Turova OV, Filatova EV, Philippov AA, Chibiryaev AM, Shalygin AS. Supercritical fluids in chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wen S, Yu L, Phule AD, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang ZX. Influence of 1-butene content on mechanical, thermal, and cushioning properties of propylene/1-butene copolymer foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Yuan W, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Enhanced foamability of isotactic polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted‐nanosilica nanocomposites in supercritical carbon dioxide. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering PlasticsInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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14
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Zhao J, Wang G, Zhang L, Li B, Wang C, Zhao G, Park CB. Lightweight and strong fibrillary PTFE reinforced polypropylene composite foams fabricated by foam injection molding. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Structure-tunable thermoplastic polyurethane foams fabricated by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and their compressive mechanical properties. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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17
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Hou J, Zhao G, Wang G, Zhang L, Dong G, Li B. Ultra-high expansion linear polypropylene foams prepared in a semi-molten state under supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Yang C, Zhao Q, Xing Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Tan H, Wang J, Wu G. Improving the Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Polypropylene by the Addition of Fluoroelastomer as a Nucleation Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E226. [PMID: 30960210 PMCID: PMC6419069 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a small amount of fluoroelastomer (FKM) was used as a nucleating agent to prepare well-defined microporous PP foam by supercritical CO₂. It was observed that solid FKM was present as the nanoscale independent phase in PP matrix and the FKM could induce a mass of CO₂ aggregation, which significantly enhanced the diffusion rate of CO₂ in PP. The resultant PP/FKM foams exhibited much smaller cell size (~24 μm), and more than 16 times cell density (3.2 × 10⁸ cells/cm³) as well as a much more uniform cell size distribution. PP/FKM foams possessed major concurrent enhancement in their tensile stress and compressive stress compared to neat PP foam. We believe that the added FKM played a key role in enhancing the heterogeneous nucleation, combined with the change of local strain in the multiple-phase system, which was responsible for the considerably improved cell morphology of PP foaming. This work provides a deep understanding of the scCO₂ foaming behavior of PP in the presence of FKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hairong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Yang C, Xing Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Zhang M, Wu G. Better scCO 2 Foaming of Polypropylene via Earlier Crystallization with the Addition of Composite Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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