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Broge NLN, Bertelsen AD, Nielsen IG, Kløve M, Roelsgaard M, Dippel AC, Jørgensen MRV, Iversen BB. Exploration of anion effects in solvothermal synthesis using in situ X-ray diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12121-12132. [PMID: 38587495 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00541d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Solvothermal synthesis presents a facile and highly flexible approach to chemical processing and it is widely used for preparation of micro- and nanosized inorganic materials. The large number of synthesis parameters in combination with the richness of inorganic chemistry means that it is difficult to predict or design synthesis outcomes, and it is demanding to uncover the effect of different parameters due to the sealed and complex nature of solvothermal reactors along with the time demands related to reactor cleaning, sample purification, and characterization. This study explores the effect on formation of crystalline products of six common anions in solvothermal treatment of aqueous and ethanolic precursors. Three different cations are included in the study (Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) representing chemical affinities towards different regions of the periodic table with respect to the hard soft acid base (HSAB) classification and the Goldschmidt classification. They additionally belong to the commonly used 3d transition metals and display a suitable variety in solvothermal chemistry to highlight anion effects. The results of the solvothermal in situ experiments demonstrate a clear effect of the precursor anions, with respect to whether crystallization occurs or not and the characteristics of the formed phases. Additionally, some of the anions are shown to be redox active and to influence the formation temperature of certain phases which in turn relates to the observed average crystallite sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lau Nyborg Broge
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Dueholm Bertelsen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Magnus Kløve
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Martin Roelsgaard
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ann-Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Riporto F, Dhouib A, Gheata A, Beauquis S, Molina E, Guené-Girard S, Galez C, Bornet A, Gautier-Luneau I, Gerber-Lemaire S, Monnier V, Le Dantec R, Mugnier Y. Nonclassical Nucleation and Crystallization of LiNbO 3 Nanoparticles from the Aqueous Solvothermal Alkoxide Route. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2306417. [PMID: 37968253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular reaction pathway and crystallization mechanisms of LiNbO3 nanoparticles under solvothermal conditions are derived through extensive time- and temperature-resolved experiments allowing to track all the transient molecular and solid species. Starting with a simple mixing of Li/Nb ethoxides, water addition is used to promote condensation after ligand exchange with different co-solvents including alcohols and glycols of variable carbon-chain length. A nonclassical nucleation scheme is first demonstrated after the identification of new octanuclear complexes with a {Li4 Nb4 O10 } core whose solvophobic interactions mediate their aggregation, thus, resulting in a colloidal gel at room-temperature. Upon heating, a more or less frustrated aggregation-mediated crystallization process is then evidenced leading to LiNbO3 nanocrystals of adjustable mean size between 20 and 100 nm. Such a fine control can be attributed to the variable Nb-OR (R = alkoxy/glycoxy ligand) binding interactions at the surface of crystalline intermediates. Demonstration of such a nonclassical nucleation process and crystallization mechanism for LiNbO3 not only sheds light on the entire growth process of multifunctional nanomaterials with non-perovskite crystalline structures, but also opens new avenues for the identification of novel bimetallic oxoclusters involved in the formation of several mixed oxides from the aqueous alkoxide route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Riporto
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Ameni Dhouib
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Adrian Gheata
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Emilie Molina
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Simon Guené-Girard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Christine Galez
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Aurélien Bornet
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Platform, EPFL SB ISIC-NMRP, Batochime, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Monnier
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, INL, UMR5270, Ecully, 69130, France
| | - Ronan Le Dantec
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Yannick Mugnier
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
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Dantelle G, Beauquis S, Le Dantec R, Monnier V, Galez C, Mugnier Y. Solution-Based Synthesis Routes for the Preparation of Noncentrosymmetric 0-D Oxide Nanocrystals with Perovskite and Nonperovskite Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200992. [PMID: 35691941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the miniaturization of electronic-based devices, the foreseen potential of new optical nanoprobes and the assessment of eventual size and shape effects, elaboration of multifunctional noncentrosymmetric nanocrystals with ferroelectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, and nonlinear optical properties are the subject of an increasing research interest. Here, the recent achievements from the solution-based methods (coprecipitation in homogeneous and nanostructured media, sol-gel processes including various chemistries and hydro/solvothermal techniques) to prepare 0-D perovskite and nonperovskite oxides in the 5-500 nm size range are critically reviewed. To cover a representative list of covalent- and ionic-type materials, BaTiO3 and its derivatives, niobate compounds (i.e., K/Na/LiNbO3 ), multiferroic BiFeO3, and crystals of lower symmetry including KTiOPO4 and some iodate compounds such as Fe(IO3 )3 and La(IO3 )3 are systematically in focus. The resulting size, morphology, and aggregation state are discussed in light of the proposed formation mechanisms. Because of a higher complexity related to their chemical composition and crystalline structures, improving the rational design of these multifunctional oxides in terms of finely-tuned compositions, crystalline hosts and structure-property relationships still need in the future a special attention of the research community to the detailed understanding of the reaction pathways and crystallization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Dantelle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | | | - Ronan Le Dantec
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Virginie Monnier
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, INL, UMR5270, Ecully, 69130, France
| | - Christine Galez
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
| | - Yannick Mugnier
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, Annecy, F-74000, France
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Hayton TW, Shafaat HS. Periodic TableTalks: An Oasis of Science within a Conference Desert. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5965-5971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hannah S. Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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