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Han J, Tan H, Guo K, Lv H, Peng X, Zhang W, Lin H, Apfel UP, Cao R. The "Pull Effect" of a Hanging Zn II on Improving the Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction Selectivity with Co Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409793. [PMID: 38923266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the challenge of cleaving O-O bonds at single Co sites, mononuclear Co complexes typically show poor selectivity for the four-electron (4e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report on selective 4e- ORR catalyzed by a Co porphyrin with a hanged ZnII ion. Inspired by Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, we designed and synthesized 1-CoZn with a hanging ZnII at the second sphere of a Co porphyrin. Complex 1-CoZn is much more effective than its Zn-lacking analogues to catalyze the 4e- ORR in neutral aqueous solutions, giving an electron number of 3.91 per O2 reduction. With spectroscopic studies, the hanging ZnII was demonstrated to be able to facilitate the electron transfer from CoII to O2, through an electronic "pull effect", to give CoIII-superoxo. Theoretical studies further suggested that this "pull effect" plays crucial roles in assisting O-O bond cleavage. This work is significant to present a new strategy of hanging a ZnII to improve O2 activation and O-O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huang Tan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haoyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinyang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Activation of Small Molecules/Technical Electrochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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2
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Pham TN, Shirley H, Merkelbach J, Gurung K, Palatinus L, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. Dicarbonyl[10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene]ruthenium(II): discovery of the first ruthenium tetrapyrrole cis-dicarbonyl complex by X-ray and electron diffraction. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:450-457. [PMID: 39120499 PMCID: PMC11371002 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229624007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl[10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene]ruthenium(II), [Ru(C33H16F10N4)(CO)2] or Ru(CO)2[DMBil1], is the first reported ruthenium(II) cis-dicarbonyl tetrapyrrole complex. The neutral complex sports two carbonyls and an oligotetrapyrrolic biladiene ligand. Notably, the biladiene adopts a coordination geometry that is well distorted from square planar and much more closely approximates a seesaw arrangement. Accordingly, Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] is not only the first ruthenium cis-dicarbonyl with a tetrapyrrole ligand, but also the first metal biladiene complex in which the tetrapyrrole does not adopt a (pseudo-)square-planar coordination geometry. Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] is weakly luminescent, displaying λem = 552 nm upon excitation at λex = 500 nm, supports two reversible 1 e- reductions at -1.45 and -1.73 V (versus Fc+/Fc), and has significant absorption features at 481 and 531 nm, suggesting suitability for photocatalytic and photosensitization applications. While the structure of Ru(CO)2[DMBil1] was initially determined by X-ray diffraction, a traditionally acceptable quality structure could not be obtained (despite multiple attempts) because of consistently poor crystal quality. An independent structure obtained from electron diffraction experiments corroborates the structure of this unusual biladiene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | - Hunter Shirley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | | | - Kshitij Gurung
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 182 21, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Palatinus
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 182 21, Czechia
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware,NewarkDelaware 19716 USA
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3
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Turner EE, Pham TN, Smith SP, Ward KN, Rosenthal J, Rack JJ. Electron-Withdrawing meso-Substituents Turn On Magneto-Optical Activity in Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3630-3636. [PMID: 38359443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A series of square planar metalloporphyrins (M(TPP), TPP is 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and M(TPFPP), TPFPP is 5,10,15,20-tetrapentafluorophenylporphyrin; M is Zn2+, Ni2+, Pd2+, or Pt2+) with distinct meso-substituents were prepared, and their magneto-optical activity (MOA) was characterized by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and magneto-optical rotary dispersion spectroscopy (MORD; also known as Faraday rotation spectroscopy). MOA is crucial in the development of next-generation magneto-optical devices and quantum computing. The data show that the presence of meso-pentafluorophenyl substituents results in significant increase in MOA in comparison to the homologous phenyl group. Differences in the MOA of these metalloporphyrins are rationalized using the Gouterman four-orbital model and pave the way for rational design of improved and tailorable magneto-optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emigdio E Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Magneto-Optic Spectroscopy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Samuel Peter Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Magneto-Optic Spectroscopy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Kaytlin N Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for Magneto-Optic Spectroscopy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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4
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Zhang D, Crawley MR, Oldacre AN, Kyle LJ, MacMillan SN, Cook TR. Lowering the Symmetry of Cofacial Porphyrin Prisms for Selective Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1766-1775. [PMID: 35699516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofacial porphyrin catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) formed via coordination-driven self-assembly have so far been limited to designs with fourfold symmetry, where four molecular clips bridge two porphyrin sites. We have synthesized six PynPhm (Py = pyridyl, Ph = phenyl) metalloporphyrin prisms (Co2+, Zn2+) bridged by molecular clips containing two Rh3+ centers. Four of these structures are lower symmetry, with the Py3Ph and Py2Ph2 prisms containing three and two molecular clips, respectively. The Co2+ species were evaluated for their ORR activity. Cyclic and hydrodynamic voltammetry studies of heterogeneous catalyst inks in aqueous media revealed marked differences in selectivity from ∼5% (Py3Ph) to ∼37% (Py2Ph2) for the formation of H2O2. The single-crystal X-ray structure of the Zn2 Py2Ph2 prism shows an offset between the porphyrin faces. This structural feature may be responsible for the change in selectivity, consistent with previous studies of covalently tethered cofacial porphyrins that have shown that geometry is a critical determinant of two-electron/two-proton versus four-electron/four-proton pathways. Extraction of standard rate constants ks for the ORR revealed a cofacial enhancement of ∼2 orders of magnitude over mononuclear Co2+ tetrapyridyl porphyrin. Even though all the prisms described here use the same molecular clip, the resultant structures, and thus the reactivity for the ORR, differ significantly based on the number and orientation of pyridyl donor groups on the porphyrins, highlighting how coordination-driven self-assembly can be used to rapidly tune dinuclear catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Amanda N Oldacre
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lea J Kyle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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5
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Zhang D, Crawley MR, Fang M, Kyle LJ, Cook TR. The rigidity of self-assembled cofacial porphyrins influences selectivity and kinetics of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18373-18377. [PMID: 36411983 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction on a rigid Co(II) porphyrin prism scaffold bridged by Ag(I) ions. The reactivity of this scaffold differs significantly from previous prism catalysts in that its selectivity is similar to that of monomer (∼35% H2O) yet it displays sluggish kinetics, with an order of magnitude lower ks of ∼0.5 M-1 s-1. The deleterious cofacial effect is not simply due to metal-metal separation, which is similar to our most selective prism catalysts. Instead we conclude the structural rigidity is responsible for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Lea J Kyle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
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6
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Marek MJ, Pham TN, Wang J, Cai Q, Yap GPA, Day ES, Rosenthal J. Isocorrole-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy under 980 nm Light Excitation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36653-36662. [PMID: 36278042 PMCID: PMC9583081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising treatment option for diseases, including cancer, arthritis, and periodontitis. Typical photothermal agents (PTAs) absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR)-I region of 650-900 nm with a predominant focus around 800 nm, as these wavelengths are minimally absorbed by water and blood in the tissue. Recently, interest has grown in developing nanomaterials that offer more efficient photothermal conversion and that can be excited by light close to or within the NIR-II window of 1000-1700 nm, which offers less absorption by melanin. Herein, we report on the development of 5,5-diphenyl isocorrole (5-DPIC) complexes containing either Zn(II) or Pd(II) (Zn[5-DPIC] and Pd[5-DPIC], respectively) that absorb strongly across the 850-1000 nm window. We also show that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with these designer isocorroles exhibit low toxicity toward triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in the dark but enable efficient heat production and photothermal cell ablation upon excitation with 980 nm light. These materials represent an exciting new platform for 980 nm activated PTT and demonstrate the potential for designer isocorroles to serve as effective PTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
R. J. Marek
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Qiuqi Cai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Helen
F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
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