1
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Liu C, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Bis(silylene)silole - synthesis, properties and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10446-10452. [PMID: 38855883 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A 1,1-bis(silylene)silole has been synthesised by a double salt-metathesis reaction from potassium silacyclopentadienediide, K2[1], and an amidinato-stabilized silylene chloride in a 1 : 2 ratio. The red colour of the title compound is due to the lp(Si)/π*(silole) transition. This band is bathochromically shifted compared to that of other 1,1-bissilylsiloles suggesting enhanced conjugation between the silole π-system and the newly formed Si(II)-Si(IV)-Si(II) group. The bissilylene is easily oxidised by the elemental chalcogens S, Se, and Te and forms a bissilaimide by reaction with an arylazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Liu
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union.
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2
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Wang T, Zhao Y, Wang M. Organic Selenium Compounds Determination in the Complex Matrix by the 1H-77Se HMBC Method. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Since the discovery that the so-called "double-bond" rule could be broken, the field of molecular main group multiple bonds has expanded rapidly. With the majority of homodiatomic double and triple bonds realised within the p-block, along with many heterodiatomic combinations, this Minireview examines the reactivity of these compounds with a particular emphasis on small molecule activation. Furthermore, whilst their ability to act as transition metal mimics has been explored, their catalytic behaviour is somewhat limited. This Minireview aims to highlight the potential of these complexes towards catalytic application and their role as synthons in further functionalisations making them a versatile tool for the modern synthetic chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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4
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Ghosh M, Panwaria P, Tothadi S, Das A, Khan S. Bis(silanetellurone) with C-H···Te Interaction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17811-17821. [PMID: 33215925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of bis(silanechalcogenones) [Ch = Te (2), S (3), or Se (4)] using an N-heterocyclic silylene-based SiCSi pincer ligand (1). 2 is the first example of a bis(silanetellurone) derivative. The bonding patterns of 2-4 were extensively studied by natural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and noncovalent interaction index analyses, and these exhibit weak C-H···Ch interaction. The analogous reaction of 1 with trimethyl N-oxide produced a novel bis(cyclosiloxane) derivative (5). All of the complexes are duly characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 29Si) spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushakhi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Prakash Panwaria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aloke Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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5
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Anomeric effect in pyranose-ring derivatives containing carbon, silicon, and germanium as anomeric centers: an ab initio systematic study. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Powley SL, Inoue S. NHC-Stabilised Silyliumylidene Ions. CHEM REC 2019; 19:2179-2188. [PMID: 30835949 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Donor-stabilised silyliumylidene ions, from the parent [R-Si:]+ , are a class of low-valent silicon species which have received increasing research interest in the last several years. This interest began in the fundamental synthesis and characterisation of these compounds, but has since started to include more investigation into their further reactivity after several stable NHC-stabilised silyliumylidene ions were reported. This personal account briefly discusses the history of the still-young field of silyliumylidene ions followed by a more detailed discussion of published work from our group on the further development of silyliumylidene chemistry over the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Powley
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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7
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Siemes LC, Keuter J, Hepp A, Lips F. Reactions of a Silicon-Based Cyclic Silylone with Chalcogens. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13142-13149. [PMID: 31515996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetrasilasilylone N is composed of a silicon(0) atom, two NHC-coordinated silylenes, and a silaimine (Si═N) group. It reacts rapidly and selectively with the chalcogens selenium and tellurium to afford corresponding dichalcogenides 1 and 2 in high yields of 69-79%. In these compounds, one chalcogen atom is connected to the silicon(0) atom with a short bond in the range of Si═E double bonds. The second chalcogen atom adopts the bridging position between the Si(0) atom and the Si═N group. Using only 1 equiv of tellurium affords the selective formation of monotelluride 3 in 84% yield. In this monotelluride, the tellurium atom adopts a bridging position between the silylone functionality and the Si═N group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carina Siemes
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , D-48149 Münster , Deutschland
| | - Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , D-48149 Münster , Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , D-48149 Münster , Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , D-48149 Münster , Deutschland
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8
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthese einer NHC‐koordinierten Siliciumringverbindung mit Si=N‐Gruppe und einem zweifachkoordinierten Siliciumatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
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9
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Facile Access to an NHC-Coordinated Silicon Ring Compound with a Si=N Group and a Two-Coordinate Silicon Atom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4395-4399. [PMID: 30604915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilatetraamide Si4 {N(SiMe3 )Dipp}4 1 (Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with 5 equiv of the N-heterocyclic carbene NHCMe4 (1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) affords a bifunctional carbene-coordinated four-membered-ring compound with a Si=N group and a two-coordinate silicon atom Si4 {N(SiMe3 )Dipp}2 (NHCMe4 )2 (NDipp) 2. When 2 reacts with 0.25 equiv sulfur (S8 ), two sulfur atoms add to the divalent silicon atom in plane and perpendicular to the plane of the Si4 ring, which confirms the silylone character of the two-coordinate silicon atom in 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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10
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Dong Z, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Reactivity of a Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexene Germylene towards Elemental Chalcogens. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 Oldenburg Germany
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11
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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12
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13
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Sarkar D, Wendel D, Ahmad SU, Szilvási T, Pöthig A, Inoue S. Chalcogen-atom transfer and exchange reactions of NHC-stabilized heavier silaacylium ions. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:16014-16018. [PMID: 29120473 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03998k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavier analogues of silaacylium ions 2-4 ([m-TerSiE(NHC)2]Cl; m-Ter = 2,6-Mes2C6H3; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2; 2 (E = S), 3 (E = Se), 4 (E = Te)) were synthesized by the reaction of the NHC-stabilized silyliumylidene cation 1 with elemental chalcogens. Fascinating regeneration of 1 from the reaction of 2-4 with AuI was achieved, as successful recovery of a parent Si(ii) species from a silachalcogen Si(iv) compound. Furthermore, unique chalcogen exchange reactions from 4 → 3 → 2 were observed in line with the calculated silicon-chalcogen bond energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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14
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Chan YC, Leong BX, Li Y, Yang MC, Li Y, Su MD, So CW. A Dimeric NHC-Silicon Monotelluride: Synthesis, Isomerization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Chi Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bi-Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
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15
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Chan YC, Leong BX, Li Y, Yang MC, Li Y, Su MD, So CW. A Dimeric NHC-Silicon Monotelluride: Synthesis, Isomerization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11565-11569. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Chi Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bi-Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; Chiayi 60004 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
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