Effect of the Substitution Pattern (Peripheral vs Non-Peripheral) on the Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Magnetic Properties of Octahexylsulfanyl Copper Phthalocyanines

Phthalocyanines prepared from 4,5-dihexylthiophthalonitrile, a popular building block

Phthalocyanines are tetrapyrrolic artificial porphyrinoids that play major roles in advanced biological and technological applications. Research on this family of dyes is particularly active in Türkiye, with many derivatives being prepared from 4,5-dihexylthiophthalonitrile DiSHexPN, which is one of the most popular noncommercially available building blocks for phthalocyanines. This review summarizes the phthalocyanines and their versatile properties and applications that have been published since 1994, when the synthesis of DiSHexPN was first described, to emphasize the importance of this building block in plentiful applications, all with biomedical or technological impact.

Triphenylamine substituted copper and zinc phthalocyanines as alternative hole-transporting materials for solution-processed perovskite solar cells

In the present study, new peripheral substituted Zn(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanine derivatives (p-ZnPc and p-CuPc) bearing bulky aromatic triphenylamine groups were synthesized as alternative hole-transporting materials (HTMs). The structures of the new phthalocyanine derivatives (p-ZnPc and p-CuPc) were illuminated by various spectroscopic techniques such as mass spectrometry and ¹H, and ¹³C-NMR. After structural analysis, their photophysical properties in solution and the solid phase were examined by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using p-ZnPc and p-CuPc as HTMs, highly stable perovskite-based solar cells with the structure of FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/p-ZnPc and p-CuPc/Ag have been developed and characterized. It was observed that our devices with p-ZnPc as the HTM maintain over 93% of the initial performance for more than 960 h under atmospheric conditions (22-27 °C) with 35-45% relative humidity. In addition, some strategies such as using various methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI₂) blend ratios between 1 : 0.4 and 1 : 1.8 were employed to test the effect of the blend ratios on the long term stability of the perovskite-based solar cells. Our findings demonstrated that the spin-coated p-ZnPc based HTM demonstrated competitive power conversion efficiency and exhibited superior stability without encapsulation compared to commonly used HTMs.

Lu(iii) bis-phthalocyanines containing carbazole moieties: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical properties and sensor applications

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of sandwich type Lu(iii) bis-phthalocyanines bearing electropolymerizable carbazole groups were evaluated and their electrochemical sensing properties studied towards DA, UA and AA.

The effect of organic solvents on the optical and morphological properties of metallophthalocyanines containing 3,5-bis(2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-pentafluorobenzyloxy)benzyloxy groups

Thin films of metal phthalocyanines (M: Co, Zn, Ni) substituted with four 3,5-bis(2[Formula: see text],3[Formula: see text],4[Formula: see text],5[Formula: see text],6[Formula: see text]-pentafluorobenzyloxy)benzyloxy groups have been prepared by the spin-coating technique. Optical properties and surface morphology of the thin films of metallophthalocyanines have been investigated as a function of organic solvents of acetone, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. Results show that optical properties and surface morphology of the prepared films depend on the type of organic solvent used.