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Morales HM, Vieyra H, Sanchez DA, Fletes EM, Odlyzko M, Lodge TP, Padilla-Gainza V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons JG. Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Nitride/Carbon Nanocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6952. [PMID: 39000062 PMCID: PMC11241735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the synthesis of a vanadium nitride (VN)/carbon nanocomposite material via the thermal decomposition of vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPC). The morphology and chemical structure of the synthesized compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The successful syntheses of the VOPC and non-metalated phthalocyanine (H2PC) precursors were confirmed using FTIR and XRD. The VN particles present a needle-like morphology in the VN synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of the VN/C composite material exhibited small clusters of VN particles. The XRD analysis of the thermally decomposed VOPC indicated a mixture of amorphous carbon and VN nanoparticles (VN(TD)) with a cubic structure in the space group FM-3M consistent with that of VN. The XPS results confirmed the presence of V(III)-N bonds in the resultant material, indicating the formation of a VN/C nanocomposite. The VN/C nanocomposite synthesized through thermal decomposition exhibited a high carbon content and a cluster-like distribution of VN particles. The VN/C nanocomposite was used as an anode material in LIBs, which delivered a specific capacity of 307 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles and an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 at the 100th cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Magali Morales
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA;
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - David A. Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Fletes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, 100 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victoria Padilla-Gainza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Jason G. Parsons
- School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Morales HM, Vieyra H, Sanchez DA, Fletes EM, Odlyzko M, Lodge TP, Padilla-Gainza V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons JG. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Nitride-Carbon Composites and Their Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38607158 PMCID: PMC11013921 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the synthesis of titanium nitride-carbon (TiN-carbon) composites by the thermal decomposition of a titanyl phthalocyanine (TiN(TD)) precursor into TiN. The synthesis of TiN was also performed using the sol-gel method (TiN(SG)) of an alkoxide/urea. The structure and morphology of the TiN-carbon and its precursors were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of the titanium phthalocyanine (TiOPC) complex, while the XRD data corroborated the decomposition of TiOPC into TiN. The resultant TiN exhibited a cubic structure with the FM3-M lattice, aligning with the crystal system of the synthesized TiN via the alkoxide route. The XPS results indicated that the particles synthesized from the thermal decomposition of TiOPC resulted in the formation of TiN-carbon composites. The TiN particles were present as clusters of small spherical particles within the carbon matrix, displaying a porous sponge-like morphology. The proposed thermal decomposition method resulted in the formation of metal nitride composites with high carbon content, which were used as anodes for Li-ion half cells. The TiN-carbon composite anode showed a good specific capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Magali Morales
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA;
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - David A. Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Fletes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victoria Padilla-Gainza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Jason G. Parsons
- School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Zhang X, Yuan W, Yang Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Wang C, Yuan Y, Ye Y, Wu Y, Tang Y. Immobilizing Polysulfide by In Situ Topochemical Oxidation Derivative TiC@Carbon-Included TiO 2 Core-Shell Sulfur Hosts for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005998. [PMID: 33258313 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is greatly hindered by the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To address this issue, in situ topochemical oxidation derivative TiC@carbon-included TiO2 (TiC@C-TiO2 ) core-shell composite is designed and proposed as a multifunctional sulfur host, which integrates the merits of conductive TiC core to facilitate the redox reaction kinetics of sulfur species, and porous C-TiO2 shell to suppress the dissolution and shuttling of LiPSs through chemisorption. A unique dual chemical mediation mechanism is demonstrated for the proposed TiC@C-TiO2 composite that synergistically entraps LiPSs through thiosulfate/polythionate conversion coupled with strong polar-polar interaction. The morphological characterization reveals that the TiC@C-TiO2 -based cathode can well regulate the distribution of electrode materials to retard their accumulation inside the electrode, ensuring effective contact between the active materials and electrolyte. Based on its unique function and structure, the cathode delivers an improved capacity of 1256 mAh g-1 at 0.2C, a remarkable rate capability of 643 mAh g-1 , and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.065% per cycle at 2C over 900 cycles. This work not only demonstrates a dual chemical mediation mechanism to immobilize LiPSs, but also provides a universal strategy to construct multifunctional sulfur hosts for advanced Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuhang Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yintong Ye
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yaopeng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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