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Booth R, Whitwood AC, Duhme-Klair AK. Effect of Ligand Substituents on Spectroscopic and Catalytic Properties of Water-Compatible Cp*Ir-(pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide-Based Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3815-3823. [PMID: 38343274 PMCID: PMC10900292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-based hydrogenation catalysts have applications ranging from high-value chemical synthesis to medicinal chemistry. A series of (pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide ligands substituted with electron-withdrawing and -donating groups were synthesized to study the influence of the electronic contribution of the bidentate ligand in Cp*Ir piano-stool complexes. A variable-temperature NMR investigation revealed a strong correlation between the electron-donating ability of the substituent and the rate of stereoinversion of the complexes. This correlation was partially reflected in the catalytic activity of the corresponding catalysts. Complexes with electron-withdrawing substituents followed the trend observed in the variable-temperature NMR study, thereby confirming the rate-determining step to be donation of the hydride ligand. Strongly electron-donating groups, on the other hand, caused a change in the rate-determining step in the formation of the iridium-hydride species. These results demonstrate that the activity of these catalysts can be tuned systematically via changes in the electronic contribution of the bidentate (pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide ligands.
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2
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Pennamuthiriyan A, Rengan R. Nickel Pincer Complexes Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2494-2504. [PMID: 38326039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We report the atom-economic and sustainable synthesis of biologically important 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (DHBD) derivatives from readily available aromatic primary alcohols and 2-aminobenzenesulfonamide catalyzed by nickel(II)-N∧N∧S pincer-type complexes. The synthesized nickel complexes have been well-studied by elemental and spectroscopic (FT-IR, NMR, and HRMS) analyses. The solid-state molecular structure of complex 2 has been authenticated by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Furthermore, a series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives have been synthesized (24 examples) utilizing a 3 mol % Ni(II) catalyst through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of benzyl alcohols with benzenesulfonamide. Gratifyingly, the catalytic protocol is highly selective with the yield up to 93% and produces eco-friendly water/hydrogen gas as byproducts. The control experiments and plausible mechanistic investigations indicate that the coupling of the in situ generated aldehyde with benzenesulfonamide leads to the desired product. In addition, a large-scale synthesis of one of the thiadiazine derivatives unveils the synthetic usefulness of the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandaraj Pennamuthiriyan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India
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3
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Tsubonouchi Y, Inaba K, Hoshino N, Hirahara M, Chandra D, Zahran ZN, Yagi M. Configurationally Nonselective Aquation of a Mononuclear Ru(II) Chloro Complex to Aquo Complex Isomers with Distinctive Aspects in Photoisomerization, Redox, and Catalytic Water Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17654-17667. [PMID: 37850902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
distal-[Ru(EtOtpy)(pynp)Cl]+ (d-EtO1Cl) (EtOtpy = 4'-ethoxy-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, pynp = 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine), and distal/proximal-[Ru(EtOtpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d/p-EtO1H2O) complexes were newly synthesized to investigate the synergistic influence of the geometric configuration coupled with substituent introduction of an ethoxy (EtO) group on the physicochemical properties and reactions of the Ru(II) complexes. Configurationally nonselective aquation of d-EtO1Cl was uniquely observed to form d/p-EtO1H2O isomers in water, in contrast to configurationally selective aquation of distal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)Cl]+ (d-1Cl, tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) without the EtO group [Yamazaki, H. . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8846-8849].The kinetic profiles of the aquation reactions of d-EtO1Cl were well analyzed using a sequential reversible reaction model assuming the reversible interconversion between d/p-EtO1H2O isomers via d-EtO1Cl. The observed equilibrium constant (Kiso) of isomerization between p/d-EtO1H2O was calculated from the kinetic analysis as Kiso = 0.45, which is consistent with the final concentration ratio (1:0.43) of p/d-EtO1H2O generated in the aquation reaction of d-EtO1Cl. The irreversible photoisomerization from d-EtO1H2O to p-EtO1H2O was observed in water with an internal quantum yield (Φ) of 0.44% at 520 nm. Electrochemical measurements showed that d-EtO1H2O undergoes a 2-step oxidation reaction of 1H+-coupled 1e- processes of RuII-OH2/RuIII-OH and RuIII-OH/RuIV═O at pH 1.3-9.7, whereas p-EtO1H2O undergoes a 1-step oxidation reaction of a 2H+-coupled 2e- process of RuII-OH2/RuIV═O in the pH range of 1.8-11.5. Any redox potential of d/p-EtO1H2O isomers was decreased by the electro-donating EtO substitution, compared with distal/proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pynp)OH2]2+ (d/p-1H2O). The turnover frequency (kO2 = 1.7 × 10-2 s-1) of d-EtO1H2O for water oxidation catalysis is higher than that (3.5 × 10-4 s-1) of p-EtO1H2O by a factor of 48.6. The kO2 value (1.7 × 10-2 s-1) for d-EtO1H2O is 4.5-fold higher than those of d-1H2O (3.8 × 10-3 s-1). The higher kO2 value of d-EtO1H2O compared with d-1H2O could be explained by the fast oxidation rate from RuIV═O to RuV═O involved in the rate-determining step due to the electron-donating EtO group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inaba
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Debraj Chandra
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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den Boer D, Hetterscheid DGH. Correlations between the Electronic Structure and Energetics of the Catalytic Steps in Homogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23057-23067. [PMID: 37815483 PMCID: PMC10603781 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient electrocatalyst for the water oxidation reaction is limited by unfavorable scaling relations between catalytic intermediates, resulting in an overpotential. In contrast to heterogeneous catalysts, the electronic structure of homogeneous catalysts can be modified to a great extent due to a tailored ligand design. However, studies utilizing the tunability of organic ligands have rarely been conducted in a systematic manner and, as of yet, have not produced catalytic paths that avoid the aforementioned unfavorable scaling relations. To investigate the influence of electron-donating groups (EDGs) or electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) on elementary steps in electrochemical water oxidation catalysis, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) was selected as the scaffold that was modified with methyl, methoxy, chloro, and trifluoromethyl groups. This catalyst can undergo several electron transfer (ET), proton transfer (PT), and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps that were all probed experimentally. In this systematic study, it was found that PCET steps are relatively insensitive with respect to the presence of EDGs or EWGs, while the decoupled ET and PT steps are more heavily affected. However, the influence of the substituents decreases with an increasing oxidation state of Ru due to a lack of d-electrons available at the Ru center for π-backbonding to the bipyridine ligand. Therefore, the RuV/VI redox couple appears to be relatively unaffected by the substituent. Nevertheless, the implementation of EWGs can shift all oxidation events to a very narrow potential window. Not only do our findings illustrate how electronic substituents affect the entire potential energy landscape of the catalytic water oxidation reaction, but they also show that the cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)]2+ compounds follow different design rules and scaling relations, as has been reported for every other oxygen evolution catalyst thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan den Boer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Marandi F, Bahrami A, Mahmoum-Gonbadi N, Krautscheid H. Three new zinc(II) 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2ʺ-terpyridine (4′-Cltpy)-based complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies, thermal behavior, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J COORD CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2023.2175208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Marandi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aidin Bahrami
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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6
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Tsubonouchi Y, Watanabe T, Yoshida K, Watabe S, Inaba K, Hirahara M, Hatanaka T, Funahashi Y, Chandra D, Hoshino N, Zahran ZN, Yagi M. Distinctive Aspects in Aquation, Proton-Coupled Redox, and Photoisomerization Reactions between Geometric Isomers of Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes with a Large-π-Conjugated Tetradentate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13956-13967. [PMID: 36000984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Geometric isomers of mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes, distal-/proximal-[Ru(tpy)(dpda)Cl]+ (d-/p-RuCl, tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, dpda = 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-diazaanthracene), were newly synthesized to comprehensively investigate the geometric and electronic structures and distinctive aspects in various reactions between isomers. The ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectra of d-/p-RuCl isomers show intense bands for metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) at close wavelengths of 576 and 573 nm, respectively. However, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations suggest that the MLCT transition of d-RuCl involves mainly single transitions to the π* orbital of the dpda ligand in contrast to mixing of the π* orbitals of the dpda and tpy ligands for p-RuCl. The aquation reaction (1.5 × 10-3 s-1) of p-RuCl to yield proximal-[Ru(tpy)(dpda)(OH2)]2+ (p-RuH2O) is faster than that (5.3 × 10-6 s-1) of d-RuCl in D2O/CD3OD (4:1 v/v) by three orders of magnitude, which resulted from the longer Ru-Cl bond by 0.017 Å and the distorted angle (100.2(3)°) of Cl-Ru-N (a nitrogen of dpda, being on a tpy plane) due to the steric repulsion between Cl and dpda for p-RuCl. Electrochemical measurements showed that d-RuH2O undergoes a 2-step oxidation reaction of 1H+-coupled 1e- processes of RuII-OH2/RuIII-OH and RuIII-OH/RuIV═O at pH 1-9, whereas p-RuH2O undergoes a 1-step oxidation reaction of a 2H+-coupled 2e- process of RuII-OH2/RuIV═O in the pH range of pH 1-10. The irreversible photoisomerization from d-RuH2O to p-RuH2O was observed in aqueous solution with an internal quantum yield (Φ) of 5.4 × 10-3% at 520 nm, which is lower compared with Φ = 1.1-2.1% of mononuclear Ru(II) aquo complexes with similar bidentate ligands instead of dpda by three orders of magnitude. This is possibly ascribed to the faster nonradiative decay rate from the excited 3MLCT state to the ground state for d-RuH2O due to the lower π* level of dpda ligands according to the energy-gap law: the rate decreases exponentially with the increasing energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takeumi Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuha Yoshida
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watabe
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inaba
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Debraj Chandra
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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7
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Shimbayashi T, Ito H, Shimizu M, Sano H, Sakaki S, Fujita KI. Effect of Substituents in Functional Bipyridonate Ligands on Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Alcohols: An Experimental and Computational Study. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimbayashi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Yoshidanihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Hajime Ito
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Mineyuki Shimizu
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Hayato Sano
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku 615-8245 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Ken-ichi Fujita
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
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8
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Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Tsubonouchi Y, Hayasaka T, Wakai Y, Mohamed EA, Zahran ZN, Yagi M. Highly Efficient and Durable Electrocatalysis by a Molecular Catalyst with Long Alkoxyl Chains Immobilized on a Carbon Electrode for Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15154-15164. [PMID: 35319176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear Ru complex, proximal,proximal-[Ru2L(C8Otpy)2(OH)(OH2)]3+ (C8Otpy = 4'-octyloxy-2,2'; 6',2″-terpyridine) (1) with long alkoxyl chains, was synthesized to be immobilized on a carbon paper (CP) electrode via hydrophobic interactions between the long alkoxyl chains and the CP surface. The 1/CP electrode demonstrated efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation with a low overpotential (ηonset) of 0.26 V (based on the onset potential for water oxidation) in an aqueous medium at pH 7.0, which is compared advantageously with those of hitherto-reported molecular anodes for water oxidation. The active species of RuIIIRuIII(μ-OO) with a μ-OO bridge was involved in water oxidation at 0.95 V versus Ag/AgCl. As the applied potential increased to 1.40 V, water oxidation was promoted by participation of the more active species of RuIIIRuIV(μ-OO), and very durable electrocatalysis was gained for more than 35 h without elution of 1 into the electrolyte solution. The introduced long alkoxyl chains act as a dual role of the linker of 1 on the CP surface and decrease the η value. Theoretical investigation provides insights into the O-O bond formation mechanism and the activity difference between RuIIIRuIII(μ-OO) and RuIIIRuIV(μ-OO) for electrocatalytic water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Taichi Hayasaka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 9050-2181, Japan
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10
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Harper DR, Kulik HJ. Computational Scaling Relationships Predict Experimental Activity and Rate-Limiting Behavior in Homogeneous Water Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2186-2197. [PMID: 35037756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While computational screening with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) is essential for evaluating candidate catalysts, limitations in accuracy typically prevent the prediction of experimentally relevant activities. Exemplary of these challenges are homogeneous water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) where differences in experimental conditions or small changes in ligand structure can alter rate constants by over an order of magnitude. Here, we compute mechanistically relevant electronic and energetic properties for 19 mononuclear Ru transition-metal complexes (TMCs) from three experimental water oxidation catalysis studies. We discover that 15 of these TMCs have experimental activities that correlate with a single property, the ionization potential of the Ru(II)-O2 catalytic intermediate. This scaling parameter allows the quantitative understanding of activity trends and provides insight into the rate-limiting behavior. We use this approach to rationalize differences in activity with different experimental conditions, and we qualitatively analyze the source of distinct behavior for different electronic states in the other four catalysts. Comparison to closely related single-atom catalysts and modified WOCs enables rationalization of the source of rate enhancement in these WOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Harper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Ghaderian A, Kazim S, Khaja Nazeeruddin M, Ahmad S. Strategic factors to design the next generation of molecular water oxidation catalysts: Lesson learned from ruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Abate PO, Peyrot AM, Fontrodona X, Romero I, Fagalde F, Katz NE. New ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as potential sensors of acetonitrile and catalysts for water oxidation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8414-8422. [PMID: 35424825 PMCID: PMC8984912 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes of formulae [RuCl(Me2Ntrpy)(bpy-OMe)]Cl, 1, and [Ru(Me2Ntrpy)(bpy-OMe)(OH2)](CF3SO3)2, 2, with Me2Ntrpy = 4′-N,N-dimethylamino-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine and bpy-OMe = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine, were synthetized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Besides, [Ru(Me2Ntrpy)(bpy-OMe)(NCCH3)]2+, 3, was obtained and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. All experimental results were complemented with DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The complete structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction, evidencing that the Ru–N and Ru–Cl bond lengths are longer than those determined in [RuCl(trpy)(bpy)](PF6). The strong electron donating properties of the substituents of both bpy and trpy rings in complexes 1 and 2 led to their potential applications for detecting traces of acetonitrile as a contaminant in aqueous solutions of radiopharmaceuticals and to utilization of complex 2 as a promising candidate for catalyzing water oxidation processes. New mononuclear polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized. These species can be potentially applied for detection of CH3CN as a contaminant in radiopharmaceuticals used in PET studies or for catalysing water oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro O. Abate
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Analía M. Peyrot
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Xavier Fontrodona
- Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69 E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Romero
- Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69 E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Florencia Fagalde
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Néstor E. Katz
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Mechanism of H + dissociation-induced O-O bond formation via intramolecular coupling of vicinal hydroxo ligands on low-valent Ru(III) centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113910118. [PMID: 34934002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113910118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of O-O bond formation is of great importance for revealing the mechanism of water oxidation in photosynthesis and for developing efficient catalysts for water oxidation in artificial photosynthesis. The chemical oxidation of the RuII 2(OH)(OH2) core with the vicinal OH and OH2 ligands was spectroscopically and theoretically investigated to provide a mechanistic insight into the O-O bond formation in the core. We demonstrate O-O bond formation at the low-valent RuIII 2(OH) core with the vicinal OH ligands to form the RuII 2(μ-OOH) core with a μ-OOH bridge. The O-O bond formation is induced by deprotonation of one of the OH ligands of RuIII 2(OH)2 via intramolecular coupling of the OH and deprotonated O- ligands, conjugated with two-electron transfer from two RuIII centers to their ligands. The intersystem crossing between singlet and triple states of RuII 2(μ-OOH) is easily switched by exchange of H+ between the μ-OOH bridge and the auxiliary backbone ligand.
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14
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Laurans M, Wells JAL, Ott S. Immobilising molecular Ru complexes on a protective ultrathin oxide layer of p-Si electrodes towards photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10482-10492. [PMID: 34259300 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising approach for renewable fuel generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to their synthetic tunability, molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction can give rise to high product selectivity. In this context, a RuII complex [Ru(HO-tpy)(6-mbpy)(NCCH3)]2+ (HO-tpy = 4'-hydroxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; 6-mbpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) was immobilised on a thin SiOx layer of a p-Si electrode that was decorated with a bromide-terminated molecular layer. Following the characterisation of the assembled photocathodes by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry, PEC experiments demonstrate electron transfer from the p-Si to the Ru complex through the native oxide layer under illumination and a cathodic bias. A state-of-the-art photovoltage of 570 mV was determined by comparison with an analogous n-type Si assembly. While the photovoltage of the modified photocathode is promising for future photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and the p-Si/SiOx junction seems to be unchanged during the PEC experiments, a fast desorption of the molecular Ru complex was observed. An in-depth investigation of the cathode degradation by comparison with reference materials highlights the role of the hydroxyl functionality of the Ru complex to ensure its grafting on the substrate. In contrast, no essential role for the bromide function on the Si substrate designed to engage with the hydroxyl group of the Ru complex in an SN2-type reaction could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Laurans
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jordann A L Wells
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Wu ZY, Huang LJ, Zhong R. Terpyridine-containing porphyrin and coordination assembly with fullerene-based pyridine for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and photocurrent response. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Saha R, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya S. Heteroleptic 1,4‐Diazabutadiene Complexes of Ruthenium: Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rumpa Saha
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University 700 032 Kolkata India
| | - Aparajita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University 700 032 Kolkata India
| | - Samaresh Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University 700 032 Kolkata India
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17
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Tsubonouchi Y, Honta J, Sato T, Mohamed EA, Zahran ZN, Saito K, Yui T, Yagi M. Multi-potential-step chronocoulospectrometry for electrocatalytic water oxidation by a mononuclear ruthenium aquo complex immobilized on a mesoporous ITO electrode. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1416-1423. [PMID: 31913399 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new mononuclear Ru aquo complex [Ru(C8Otpy)(H2dcbpy)(OH2)]2+ with 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (H2dcbpy) and 4'-octyloxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (C8Otpy) ligands was synthesized to investigate electrocatalytic water oxidation by the complex immobilized on a mesoporous indium-doped tin oxide (meso-ITO) electrode using a multi-potential-step chronocoulospectrometric (MPSCCS) technique. UV-visible absorption spectroscopic data indicated that [Ru(C8Otpy)(dcbpy)(OH2)] (RuOH2) is deprotonated to [Ru(C8Otpy)(dcbpy)(OH)]- (RuOH) on the meso-ITO surface even at pH 5.9 of the electrolyte solution. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the RuOH/meso-ITO electrode showed a pH-independent redox response at E1/2 = 0.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the pH range of 5-12, being assigned to a non-proton-coupled 1e- redox process of RuIIOH/RuIIIOH. The MPSCCS measurement of the RuOH/meso-ITO electrode between 0.2 and 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl showed that RuIV species (tentatively RuIVO) exist in a steady state of the electrocatalysis in the initial stage. This suggests that the electrochemical oxidation from RuIVO to RuVO could compete with the water nucleophilic attack for O-O bond formation involved in the rate-determining step under the employed conditions. The possibility that the water nucleophilic attack on RuIVO could also compete with the electrochemical oxidation of RuIVO to RuVO was suggested by the electrocatalytic water oxidation at a low applied potential of 1.4 V prior to the formation potential of RuVO. The MPSCCS measurement at 1.4 V for 1 h showed that RuOH is gradually transformed into an alternative catalyst (most likely RuOx nanoparticles) on the electrode. The MPSCCS technique is promising to reveal the redox reactions and catalytic aspects of molecular catalysts immobilized on an electrode for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Junichiro Honta
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Taisei Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Tatsuto Yui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
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