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Zhou X, Hu L, Hoang NH, Thanh TL, Zhou C, Mei X, Buensanteai K. The Changes in Metabolites, Quality Components, and Antioxidant Activity of Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Infected with Exobasidium vexans by Applying UPLC-MS/MS-Based Widely Targeted Metabolome and Biochemical Analysis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:164-176. [PMID: 37414414 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0105-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Blister blight infection with Exobasidium vexans is one of the most destructive foliar diseases that seriously affect the quality and yield of tea. This research investigated the metabolite changes of healthy and infected leaves on tea cultivar 'Fuding Dabaicha' and further explored the potential antimicrobial substances against E. vexans infection. In total, 1,166 compounds were identified during the entire course of an infection, among which 73 different common compounds were significantly accumulated involved in the important antimicrobial substances of flavonoids and phenolic acids, including kaempferol (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, phloretin, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, galloylprocyanidin B4, and procyanidin C1 3'-O-gallate, which indicated that these metabolites might positively dominate resistance to E. vexans. Furthermore, relevant biological pathways, such as the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropane pathways, were more closely related to resistance to E. vexans. Additionally, total flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids contributing to antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity were significantly altered during four different infection periods, especially the Leaf_S2 stage (the second stage of infection), in which the most concentration accumulated. The leaves affected by E. vexans infection at the second stage had the relatively highest antioxidant activity. Accordingly, this study provides a theoretical support for and comprehensive insights into the effects on the metabolite changes, tea quality components, and antioxidant activity of blister blight caused by E. vexans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhou
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Liuhong Hu
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Toan Le Thanh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Caibi Zhou
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Kumrai Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Xu T, Yu L, Huang N, Liu W, Fang Y, Chen C, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang N, Chen X. The regulatory role of MdNAC14-Like in anthocyanin synthesis and proanthocyanidin accumulation in red-fleshed apples. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108068. [PMID: 37852067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Red-fleshed apples represent a valuable germplasm resource with high flavonoid content. Understanding and enriching the regulatory network controlling flavonoid synthesis in red-fleshed apples holds significant importance for cultivating high-quality fruits. In this study, we successfully isolated an NAC transcription factor, MdNAC14-Like, which exhibited a significant negative correlation with the content of anthocyanin. Transient injection of apple fruit and stable expression of callus confirmed that MdNAC14-Like acts as an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis. Through yeast monohybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated the ability of MdNAC14-Like to bind to the promoters of MdMYB9, MdMYB10, and MdUFGT, thus inhibiting their transcriptional activity and subsequently suppressing anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MdNAC14-Like interacts with MdMYB12, enhancing the transcriptional activation of MdMYB12 on the downstream structural gene MdLAR, thereby promoting PA synthesis. This comprehensive functional characterization of MdNAC14-Like provides valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governing anthocyanin and PA synthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Xu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ningwang Huang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Fang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lepu Jiang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Penglai City Fruit Tree Work Station, Penglai, Shandong 265600, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Li XX, Li ZY, Zhu W, Wang YQ, Liang YR, Wang KR, Ye JH, Lu JL, Zheng XQ. Anthocyanin metabolism and its differential regulation in purple tea (Camellia sinensis). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107875. [PMID: 37451003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) typically contain high-flavonoid phytochemicals like catechins. Recently, new tea cultivars with unique purple-colored leaves have gained attention. These purple tea cultivars are enriched with anthocyanin, which provides an interesting perspective for studying the metabolic flux of the flavonoid pathway. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the leaf color formation of purple tea and this review aims to summarize the latest progress made on the composition and accumulation of anthocyanins in tea plants. In addition, the regulation mechanism in its synthesis will be discussed and a hypothetical regulation model for leaf color transformation during growth will be proposed. Some novel insights are presented to facilitate future in-depth studies of purple tea to provide a theoretical basis for targeted breeding programs in leaf color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ze-Yu Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Wan Zhu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- General Agrotechnical Extension Station of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Wu W, Lu M, Peng J, Lv H, Shi J, Zhang S, Liu Z, Duan J, Chen D, Dai W, Lin Z. Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis provides novel insight into nonvolatile metabolites in Jianghua Kucha tea germplasm ( Camellia sinensis var. Assamica cv. Jianghua). Food Chem X 2022; 13:100270. [PMID: 35499018 PMCID: PMC9040034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Jianghua Kucha (JHKC) is a special tea germplasm with high bitterness growing in China; however, the chemical characteristics of JHKC are not completely understood. In this study, 61 differential metabolites were identified between 11 wild JHKC individuals and 3 control cultivars of Fudingdabai, Yunkang 10, and Zhuyeqi using comprehensive nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approach. The JHKC accessions mainly possessed significantly higher levels of purine alkaloids of theacrine (12.06 ± 5.23 mg/g) and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, non-epi-form flavanols (catechin, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, and gallocatechin gallate), and methylated flavanols of epigallocatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (4.79 ± 1.45 mg/g) and epicatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (1.02 ± 0.34 mg/g), as well as significantly lower levels of flavonol glycosides, which indicated that caffeine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and flavonol and flavone biosynthesis are mostly differential metabolic pathways. Our study demonstrated that JHKC germplasm is a promising resource for breeding novel tea cultivars with high contents of theacrine, non-epi-form flavanols, and methylated flavanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China.,Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Agilent Technologies (China) Limited, 3 Wangjing North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Jiakun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Haipeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Jihua Duan
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Weidong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, PR China
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Battistoni B, Salazar J, Vega W, Valderrama-Soto D, Jiménez-Muñoz P, Sepúlveda-González A, Ahumada S, Cho I, Gardana CS, Morales H, Peña-Neira Á, Silva H, Maldonado J, González M, Infante R, Pacheco I. An Upgraded, Highly Saturated Linkage Map of Japanese Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl.), and Identification of a New Major Locus Controlling the Flavan-3-ol Composition in Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:805744. [PMID: 35310655 PMCID: PMC8931734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.805744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Japanese plum fruits are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whose contents vary significantly among cultivars. Catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) are flavan-3-ol monomers described in the fruits of this species and are associated with bitterness, astringency, antioxidant capacity, and susceptibility to enzymatic mesocarp browning. In this study, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the content of flavan-3-ol in Japanese plum fruits. We evaluated the content of C and EC in the mesocarp and exocarp of samples from 79 and 64 seedlings of an F1 progeny (<'98-99' × 'Angeleno'>) in the first and second seasons, respectively. We also constructed improved versions of linkage maps from '98-99' and 'Angeleno,' presently called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after mapping the already available GBS reads to Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. 'Sanyueli' v2.0 reference genome. These data allowed for describing a cluster of QTLs in the cultivar, 'Angeleno,' associated with the flavan-3-ol composition of mesocarp and exocarp, which explain up to 100% of the C/EC ratio. Additionally, we developed a C/EC metabolic marker, which was mapped between the markers with the highest log of odds (LOD) scores detected by the QTL analysis. The C/EC locus was located in the LG1, at an interval spanning 0.70 cM at 108.30-108.90 cM. Our results suggest the presence of a novel major gene controlling the preferential synthesis of C or EC in the Japanese plum fruits. This study is a significant advance in understanding the regulation of synthesizing compounds associated with fruit quality, postharvest, and human health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Battistoni
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Salazar
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Wladimir Vega
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Valderrama-Soto
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sebastián Ahumada
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Cho
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Sebastiano Gardana
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Héctor Morales
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Peña-Neira
- Departamento de Agroindustria y Enología, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Maldonado
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Infante
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Igor Pacheco
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yue E, Huang Y, Qian L, Lu Q, Wang X, Qian H, Yan J, Ruan S. Comparative Analysis of Proanthocyanidin Metabolism and Genes Regulatory Network in Fresh Leaves of Two Different Ecotypes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020211. [PMID: 35050099 PMCID: PMC8779916 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a rare and wild medicinal resource. Metabolites, especially secondary metabolites, have an important influence on T. hemsleyanum adaptability and its medicinal quality. The metabolite proanthocyanidin (PA) is a polyphenol compound widely distributed in land plants, which can be used as antioxidants and anticancer agents. Here, we discovered that three types of PA accumulated in large amounts in purple leaves (PL), but not in green leaves (RG), based on widely non-targeted metabolomics. In addition, we further found that catechins and their derivatives, which are the structural units of PA, are also enriched in PL. Afterwards, we screened and obtained five key genes, DNR1/2, ANS, ANR and LAR closely related to PA biosynthesis through transcriptome analysis and found they were all highly expressed in PL compared to RG. Therefore, observed the regulatory relationship between the main compounds and genes network, and the PA metabolism regulatory pathway was complicated, which may be different to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkui Yue
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Lihua Qian
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Institute of Crop Science & Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China or (E.Y.); (Y.H.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (S.R.)
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