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Liu Y, Zhang J, Bu L, Huo W, Pei C, Liu Q. Effects of nanoselenium supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and mammary gland development in dairy cows. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290526. [PMID: 38085574 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nanoselenium (NANO-Se) addition on milk production, milk fatty acid synthesis, the development and metabolism regulation of mammary gland in dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein dairy cows averaging 720 ± 16.8 kg of body weight, 66.9 ± 3.84 d in milk (dry matter intake [DIM]) and 35.2 ± 1.66 kg/d of milk production were divided into four treatments blocked by DIM and milk yields. Treatments were control group, low-Se (LSe), medium-Se (MSe) and high-Se (HSe) with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg Se, respectively, from NANO-Se per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Production of energy- and fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat quadratically increased (p < 0.05), while milk lactose yields linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) linearly decreased (p < 0.05), while proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) linearly increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) quadratically increased. The digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) quadratically increased (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH quadratically decreased (p < 0.01), while total VFA linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The acetic to propionic ratio decreased (p < 0.05) linearly due to the unaltered acetic molar percentage and a quadratical increase in propionic molar percentage. The activity of CMCase, xylanase, cellobiase and pectinase increased linearly (p < 0.05) following NANO-Se addition. The activity of α-amylase increased linearly (p < 0.01) with an increase in NANO-Se dosage. Blood glucose, total protein, estradiol, prolactin, IGF-1 and Se linearly increased (p < 0.05), while urea nitrogen concentration quadratically decreased (p = 0.04). Moreover, the addition of Se at 0.3 mg/kg from NANO-Se promoted (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, SREBP1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, CCNA2, CCND1, PCNA, Bcl-2 and the ratios of p-ACACA/ACACA and BCL2/BAX4, but decreased (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The results suggest that milk production and milk fat synthesis increased by NANO-Se addition by stimulating rumen fermentation, nutrients digestion, gene and protein expressions concerned with milk fat synthesis and mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lijun Bu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
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Zhu L, Jiao H, Gao W, Gong P, Shi C, Zhang F, Zhao J, Lu X, Liu B, Luo J. MiR-103-5p deficiency suppresses lipid accumulation via upregulating PLSCR4 and its host gene PANK3 in goat mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131240. [PMID: 38583827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are intimately related to the unique flavor and nutritional values of goat milk. MicroRNAs (miRNA) participate in the regulation of various biological functions, including the synthesis and degradation of lipids. Several studies have shown that miR-103 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, however, the molecular mechanism by which miR-103 regulates lipid metabolism in goat mammary gland is poorly understood. In this study, miR-103 was knocked out in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) by CRISPR/Cas9, and the accumulation of lipid droplets, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the cells was suppressed subsequently. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-103-5p and miR-103-3p in GMECs revealed that it was miR-103-5p that promoted lipid accumulation but not miR-103-3p. In addition, Pantothenate Kinase 3 (PANK3), the host gene of miR-103, and Phospholipid Scramblase 4 (PLSCR4) were identified as the target genes of miR-103-5p by dual fluorescein and miRNA pulldown. Furthermore, we identified that cellular lipid levels were negatively regulated by PANK3 and PLSCR4. Lastly, in miR-103 knockout GMECs, the knockdown of PANK and PLSCR4 rescued the lipid accumulation. These findings suggest that miR-103-5p promotes lipid accumulation by targeting PLSCR4 and the host gene PANK3 in GMECs, providing new insights for the regulation of goat milk lipids via miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongyun Jiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, China
| | - Chenbo Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhang D, Wang H, Chen Y, Cai Z, Yu B, Liu J, Feng X, Wang C, Gu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-2285f regulates milk fat metabolism by targeting MAP2K2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14567. [PMID: 38798178 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Holstein dairy cows raised in Ningxia were selected as the research object. Mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were extracted from the milk of eight Holstein cows with significantly different milk fat expression rates and transcribed for sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyse the correlation of fat milk percentage, and the critical miR-2285f regulating milk fat was screened out. The target gene binding sites were predicted, and 293T cells and mammary epithelial cells were used as miRNA and target gene models for functional verification in vitro. The tissue difference of miR-2285f Holstein cows was quantitatively analysed by transfecting miR-2285f mimic and inhibitor. Assay (dual luciferase reporter gene assay) and quantitative real-time PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR), triglyceride (TAG) detection, oil red O detection of lipid droplets, Western Blot assay, Edu and Flow cytometry, The molecular regulatory effects of miR-2285f and target gene MAP2K2 on milk fat metabolism of Holstein dairy cows were studied. The wild-type vector and mutant vector of map2k2-3'utr were constructed, and double luciferase reporting experiments were conducted to verify that MAP2K2 was one of the target genes of miR-2285f. According to qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis, miR-2285f mainly regulates the expression of MAP2K2 protein in BMECs at the translation level. Bta-miR-2285f can promote cell proliferation and slow cell apoptosis by regulating MAP2K2. Bta-miR-2285f can promote triglyceride (TAG) and lipid droplet accumulation in mammary epithelial cells by targeting MAP2K2. Bta-miR-2285f can regulate protein levels of fat milk marker gene PPARG by targeting MAP2K2. In conclusion, miR-2285f can target the expression of the MAP2K2 gene, promote the proliferation of dairy mammary epithelial cells, inhibit cell apoptosis and regulate the milk fat metabolism in dairy mammary epithelial cells. The results of this study revealed the function of miR-2285f in regulating the differential expression of fat milk in Holstein dairy cows at the cellular level. They provided a theoretical and experimental basis for analysing the regulation network of milk fat synthesis of Holstein dairy cows and the molecular breeding of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - HuiJun Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YaFei Chen
- Yinchuan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - ZhengYun Cai
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - BaoJun Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - JiaMin Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - XiaoFang Feng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - ChuanChuan Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YaLing Gu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Hu L, Sui X, Dong X, Li Z, Lun S, Wang S. Low beauvericin concentrations promote PC-12 cell survival under oxidative stress by regulating lipid metabolism and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115786. [PMID: 38061083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA), a naturally occurring cyclic peptide with good pharmacological activity, has been widely explored in anticancer research. Although BEA is toxic, studies have demonstrated its antioxidant activity. However, to date, the antioxidant mechanisms of BEA remain unclear. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive and detailed study of the antioxidant mechanism of BEA using an untargeted metabolomics approach, subsequently validating the results. BEA concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM significantly inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative stress (OS), decreased reactive oxygen species levels in PC-12 cells, and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential. Untargeted metabolomics indicated that BEA was primarily involved in lipid-related metabolism, suggesting its role in resisting OS in PC-12 cells by participating in lipid metabolism. BEA combated OS damage by increasing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingolipid levels. In the current study, BEA upregulated proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting cell survival. These findings support the antioxidant activity of BEA at low concentrations, warranting further research into its pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xintong Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Zhimeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Shiyi Lun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
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Yu B, Liu J, Cai Z, Mu T, Zhang D, Feng X, Gu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-19a regulates milk fat metabolism by targeting SYT1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127096. [PMID: 37769766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of gene expression and play crucial roles in biological processes related to milk fat metabolism. Our previous study revealed that miR-19a expression was significantly higher in the mammary epithelial cells of high-milk fat cows than in those of low-milk fat cows. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In this study, we found a high expression of miR-19a in the mammary tissues of dairy cows. The regulatory effects of miR-19a on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, which demonstrated that miR-19a significantly inhibited BMEC proliferation. Transfection of the miR-19a mimic into BMECs significantly upregulated the expression of milk fat marker genes LPL, SCAP, and SREBP1, promoting triglyceride (TG) synthesis and lipid droplet formation, whereas the miR-19a inhibitor exhibited the opposite function. TargetScan and miRWalk predictions revealed that synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) is a target gene of miR-19a. A dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RT-qPCR, and western blot analyses revealed that miR-19a directly targets the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of SYT1 and negatively regulates SYT1 expression. Functional validation revealed that overexpression of SYT1 in BMECs significantly downregulated the expression of LPL, SCAP, and SREBP1, and inhibited TG synthesis and lipid droplet formation. Conversely, the knockdown of SYT1 had the opposite effect. Altogether, miR-19a plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of BMECs and regulates biological processes related to TG synthesis and lipid droplet formation by suppressing SYT1 expression. These findings provide a strong foundation for further research on the functional mechanisms underlying milk fat metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhengyun Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tong Mu
- School of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Lang L, Zheng J, Liang S, Zhang F, Fu Y, Deng K, Li F, Yang X, Wang J, Luo Y, Zhang S, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Zhu C, Shu G, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang S. Browning of Mammary Fat Suppresses Pubertal Mammary Gland Development of Mice via Elevation of Serum Phosphatidylcholine and Inhibition of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16171. [PMID: 38003364 PMCID: PMC10671055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary fat plays a profound role in the postnatal development of mammary glands. However, the specific types (white, brown, or beige) of adipocytes in mammary fat and their potential regulatory effects on modulating mammary gland development remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of the browning of mammary fat on pubertal mammary gland development and explore the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the mammary gland development and the serum lipid profile were evaluated in mice treated with CL316243, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, to induce mammary fat browning. In addition, the proliferation of HC11 cells co-cultured with brown adipocytes or treated with the altered serum lipid metabolite was determined. Our results showed that the browning of mammary fat by injection of CL316243 suppressed the pubertal development of mice mammary glands, accompanied by the significant elevation of serum dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC). In addition, the proliferation of HC11 was repressed when co-cultured with brown adipocytes or treated with DOPC. Furthermore, DOPC suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, while the DOPC-inhibited HC11 proliferation was reversed by SC79, an Akt activator, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the DOPC-inhibited proliferation of HC11. Together, the browning of mammary fat suppressed the development of the pubertal mammary gland, which was associated with the elevated serum DOPC and the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.L.); (J.Z.); (S.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.F.); (K.D.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
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Yao H, Dou Z, Zhao Z, Liang X, Yue H, Ma W, Su Z, Wang Y, Hao Z, Yan H, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen G, Yang J. Transcriptome analysis of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) reveals candidate genes affecting milk production traits. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:660. [PMID: 37919661 PMCID: PMC10621195 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk production traits are complex traits with vital economic importance in the camel industry. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating milk production traits in camels remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways that affect milk production traits in Bactrian camels. METHODS We classified camels (fourth parity) as low- or high-yield, examined pregnant camels using B-mode ultrasonography, observed the microscopic changes in the mammary gland using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways. RESULTS The average standard milk yield over the 300 days during parity was recorded as 470.18 ± 9.75 and 978.34 ± 3.80 kg in low- and high-performance camels, respectively. Nine female Junggar Bactrian camels were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, and 609 and 393 DEGs were identified in the low-yield vs. high-yield (WDL vs. WGH) and pregnancy versus colostrum period (RSQ vs. CRQ) comparison groups, respectively. The DEGs were compared with genes associated with milk production traits in the Animal Quantitative Trait Loci database and in Alashan Bactrian camels, and 65 and 46 overlapping candidate genes were obtained, respectively. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses of the DEGs and candidate genes were conducted. After comparing our results with those of other livestock studies, we identified 16 signaling pathways and 27 core candidate genes associated with maternal parturition, estrogen regulation, initiation of lactation, and milk production traits. The pathways suggest that emerged milk production involves the regulation of multiple complex metabolic and cellular developmental processes in camels. Finally, the RNA sequencing results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR; the 15 selected genes exhibited consistent expression changes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified DEGs and metabolic pathways affecting maternal parturition and milk production traits. The results provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of genes related to milk production traits in camels. Furthermore, these findings will help improve breeding strategies to achieve the desired milk yield in camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhihua Dou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaorui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Haitao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Wanpeng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Zhanqiang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Xinjiang Altai Regional Animal Husbandry Veterinary Station, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zelin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhuangyuan Wu
- Xinjiang Altai Regional Animal Husbandry Veterinary Station, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Bactrian Camel Academy of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Wangyuan Camel Milk Limited Company, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gangliang Chen
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Bactrian Camel Academy of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Wangyuan Camel Milk Limited Company, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China.
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Li B, Khan MZ, Khan IM, Ullah Q, Cisang ZM, Zhang N, Wu D, Huang B, Ma Y, Khan A, Jiang N, Zahoor M. Genetics, environmental stress, and amino acid supplementation affect lactational performance via mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1195774. [PMID: 37636261 PMCID: PMC10448190 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1195774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary glands are known for their ability to convert nutrients present in the blood into milk contents. In cows, milk synthesis and the proliferation of cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs) are regulated by various factors, including nutrients such as amino acids and glucose, hormones, and environmental stress. Amino acids, in particular, play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and casein synthesis in mammalian epithelial cells, apart from being building blocks for protein synthesis. Studies have shown that environmental factors, particularly heat stress, can negatively impact milk production performance in dairy cattle. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is considered the primary signaling pathway involved in regulating cell proliferation and milk protein and fat synthesis in cow mammary epithelial cells in response to amino acids and heat stress. Given the significant role played by the mTORC signaling pathway in milk synthesis and cell proliferation, this article briefly discusses the main regulatory genes, the impact of amino acids and heat stress on milk production performance, and the regulation of mTORC signaling pathway in cow mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High‐Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zhuo-Ma Cisang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tibet Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High‐Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Xuan R, Wang J, Li Q, Wang Y, Du S, Duan Q, Guo Y, He P, Ji Z, Chao T. Identification and Characterization of circRNAs in Non-Lactating Dairy Goat Mammary Glands Reveal Their Regulatory Role in Mammary Cell Involution and Remodeling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050860. [PMID: 37238729 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study conducted transcriptome sequencing of goat-mammary-gland tissue at the late lactation (LL), dry period (DP), and late gestation (LG) stages to reveal the expression characteristics and molecular functions of circRNAs during mammary involution. A total of 11,756 circRNAs were identified in this study, of which 2528 circRNAs were expressed in all three stages. The number of exonic circRNAs was the largest, and the least identified circRNAs were antisense circRNAs. circRNA source gene analysis found that 9282 circRNAs were derived from 3889 genes, and 127 circRNAs' source genes were unknown. Gene Ontology (GO) terms, such as histone modification, regulation of GTPase activity, and establishment or maintenance of cell polarity, were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05), which indicates the functional diversity of circRNAs' source genes. A total of 218 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified during the non-lactation period. The number of specifically expressed circRNAs was the highest in the DP and the lowest in LL stages. These indicated temporal specificity of circRNA expression in mammary gland tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, this study also constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks related to mammary development, immunity, substance metabolism, and apoptosis. These findings help understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in mammary cell involution and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qingling Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Peipei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
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Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis of Dairy Cows under Heat Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020390. [PMID: 36830759 PMCID: PMC9953101 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is directly correlated to mammary gland dysfunction in dairy cows, especially in summer. The hypothalamic-pituitary-mammary gland axis (HPM axis) plays an important role in the regulation of stress response and lactation physiology in heat-stressed dairy cows. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA profile, and the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary gland tissues of heat-stressed and normal dairy cows. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, and the ceRNA regulatory network was established in HPM-axis-related tissues. Our results showed that a total of 13, 702 and 202 DE lncRNAs were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and mammary glands, respectively. Of lncRNAs, 8, 209 and 45 were up-regulated, and 5, 493 and 157 lncRNAs were down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that DE lncRNAs target genes that might play a role in hormone synthesis, secretion and action, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with the MAPK signaling pathway in HPM-axis-related tissues contains 3286 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Furthermore, the ceRNA regulatory network associated with apoptosis, prolactin, AMPK, and mTOR signaling pathway in the mammary gland contains 772 lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Thus, some lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of stress response and the physiological process of lactation. The changes in lncRNA expression profiles and ceRNAs (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) in HPM-axis-related tissues are the key to affect the stress response and lactation physiology of dairy cows under HS, which provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism in the stress response of HPM-axis-related tissues in dairy cows under HS.
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Jia H, Wu Z, Tan J, Wu S, Yang C, Raza SHA, Wang M, Song G, Shi Y, Zan L, Yang W. Lnc-TRTMFS promotes milk fat synthesis via the miR-132x/RAI14/mTOR pathway in BMECs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad218. [PMID: 37367933 PMCID: PMC10414145 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important index to evaluate the quality of milk, milk fat content directly determines the nutrition and flavor of milk. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in bovine lactation, but little is known about the roles of lncRNAs in milk fat synthesis, particularly the underlying molecular processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in milk fat synthesis. Based on our previous lncRNA-seq data and bioinformatics analysis, we found that Lnc-TRTMFS (transcripts related to milk fat synthesis) was upregulated in the lactation period compared to the dry period. In this study, we found that knockdown of Lnc-TRTMFS significantly inhibited milk fat synthesis, resulting in a smaller amount of lipid droplets and lower cellular triacylglycerol levels, and significantly decreased the expression of genes related to adipogenesis. In contrast, overexpression of Lnc-TRTMFS significantly promoted milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In addition, Bibiserv2 analysis showed that Lnc-TRTMFS could act as a molecular sponge for miR-132x, and retinoic acid induced protein 14 (RAI14) was a potential target of miR-132x, which was further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and western blots. We also found that miR-132x significantly inhibited milk fat synthesis. Finally, rescue experiments showed that Lnc-TRTMFS could weaken the inhibitory effect of miR-132x on milk fat synthesis and rescue the expression of RAI14. Taken together, these results revealed that Lnc-TRTMFS regulated milk fat synthesis in BMECs via the miR-132x/RAI14/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhangqing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianbing Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Silin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chaoqun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guibing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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