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Chen L, Zhou C, Jiang F, Zhang L, Xu C. Squaraine-Linked Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework as a Solid-Phase Extraction Absorbent to Determine Trace Phenylpyrazoles. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400777. [PMID: 39225439 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Phenylpyrazoles are widely used pesticides in the food industry. It is highly desirable to develop efficient pre-treatment and analysis methods to extract and detect phenylpyrazoles in complex food matrices. Herein, the study reports novel squaraine-linked zwitterionic core-shell magnetic covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), which are found to be excellent pretreatment materials for the detection of trace phenylpyrazoles in samples. By coupling MCOFs to magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, the detection of phenylpyrazoles (fipronil, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, fipronil de-sulfoxide, fipronil desulfinyl, ethiprole, and flufiprole) is achieved and shows good linearity at concentrations of 1-800 µg L-1 (R2 ≥ 0.9930). The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and recovery rates are 0.01-0.50 µg kg-1, 0.04-1.72 µg kg-1, and 70.96-115.32%, respectively. More importantly, this method is successfully applied to determine the phenylpyrazoles in commercial egg, poultry, milk, jujube, cabbage, tea, and rice with a detection rate of ≈0.04%. Therefore, the developed method may contribute to a new strategy for the purification and multi-target extraction of complex food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Cuiyun Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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Hirashima S, Amimoto T, Iwamoto Y, Takeda K. Photodegradation of the phenylpyrazole insecticide ethiprole in aquatic environments and a comparison with fipronil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:53447-53457. [PMID: 39192149 PMCID: PMC11379744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ethiprole (ETH) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is used worldwide as an alternative to fipronil (FIP). Research on the photodegradation of ETH in aquatic environments has been limited compared with that on FIP. In this study, to clarify the photodegradation of ETH in aquatic systems, the photodegradation pathway and products were investigated using liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We also determined the photochemical half-lives (t1/2) of ETH and its main degradation products. The primary photodegradation pathway was cyclization/dechlorination and hydroxylation/dechlorination of ETH to form the didechlorinated products (benzimidazole of des-chloro-hydroxy-ETH). Some newly identified photodegradation products and analogs of FIP photodegradation products were also detected as minor products. We compared the photodegradation of ETH with that of FIP under the same conditions. Didechlorinated products of ETH and FIP had the highest photostability. However, although the photochemical t1/2 of EHT was 2.7 times that of FIP, the photochemical t1/2 of the didechlorinated product of ETH was approximately one-third that of the didechlorinated product of FIP. This comparison of the photochemical processes of ETH and FIP provides new insight into the persistence and characteristics of both insecticides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Hirashima
- Seto Inland Sea Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Amimoto
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwamoto
- Seto Inland Sea Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Seto Inland Sea Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
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Dong L, Wang W, Zhou L, Yang W, Xu Z, Cheng J, Shao X, Xu X, Li Z. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Trifluoroethylthio-Substituted Phenylpyrazole Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11949-11957. [PMID: 38757770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
As the first marketed phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil exhibited remarkable broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. However, it poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms and bees due to its high toxicity. Herein, 35 phenylpyrazole derivatives containing a trifluoroethylthio group on the 4 position of the pyrazole ring were designed and synthesized. The predicted physicochemical properties of all of the compounds were within a reasonable range. The biological assay results revealed that compound 7 showed 69.7% lethality against Aedes albopictus (A. albopictus) at the concentration of 0.125 mg/L. Compounds 7, 7g, 8d, and 10j showed superior insecticidal activity for the control of Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella). Notably, compound 7 showed similar insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora (A. craccivora) compared with fipronil. Potential surface calculation and molecular docking suggested that different lipophilicity and binding models to the Musca domestica (M. domestica) gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors may be responsible for the decreased activity of the tested derivatives. Toxicity tests indicated that compound 8d (LC50 = 14.28 mg/L) induced obviously 14-fold lower toxicity than fipronil (LC50 = 1.05 mg/L) on embryonic-juvenile zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqi Zhou
- Shanghai GreenTech Laboratory Co. Ltd, 650 Shunqing Road, Shanghai 100093, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Liu H, Wu Z, Du Y, Zhou Q, Chen L, Jin S. Design, One-Step Highly Selective Synthesis and Enhancing Insecticidal Activity and Photo-Self-Degradation of Phenylpyrazole Esterified Derivatives as GABA and nACh Receptor Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2347-2361. [PMID: 38231789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of novel insecticides with high activity and a unique mode of action on the GABA receptor, a series of phenylpyrazole esterified derivatives (PEs) were synthesized using an improved Pinner reaction with high selectivity. Lewis acid catalysis was employed in a one-step solvent-thermal method to convert the cyano group of fipronil into an ester unit. FeCl3 was found to exhibit the highest selectivity for PEs synthesis, yielding PEs at 96.4%, with the byproduct being phenylpyrazole amide (PE0) at 2.1%. Initial biological assays indicated superior insecticidal activity of the target compounds against Plutella xylostella and Mythimna separata compared to fipronil. Particularly, the smaller and shorter ester units, PE3, PE5, and PE8, demonstrated 2-2.5 times higher insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than fipronil. The higher activity of ester units compared to amide and acylhydrazone units can be attributed to the enhanced lipid solubility of PEs. Additionally, it may be due to the impact of PEs on the neurotransmitter nACh or the coordination of calcium and chloride ions with the ester's -C═O and -O- bonds, blocking the chloride ion channel. Hydrophobic parameters were confirmed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), indicating the enhanced lipophilicity conferred by the ester units of PEs. Molecular docking and CoMFA analysis preliminarily validated the strong interactions and structure-activity relationships between PEs and the GABA receptor and nACh receptor in P. xylostella. Furthermore, under simulated natural sunlight, PEs exhibited photodegradation capabilities, transforming back into fipronil parent fragments and enhancing their insecticidal activity. Moreover, PEs displayed excellent fluorescent properties, enabling self-detection of residues. These research findings provide new insights and directions for the development of efficient pesticides, with potential wide applications in the fields of medicine and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhongda Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanting Du
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Platteville, Platteville, Wisconsin 53818, United States
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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Li F, Han X, Xu Z, Zhang CP. Photoinduced Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aryl Halides with [Me 4N][SeCF 3]. Org Lett 2023; 25:7884-7889. [PMID: 37877897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced metal-free trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides and bromides with [Me4N][SeCF3] is described. The reaction was conducted at ambient temperature by successfully harnessing the light-sensitive SeCF3 reagent. Mechanistically, the EDA complexes between aryl halide and the -SeCF3 anion or the base might be formed and excited by light, which subsequently undergo intracomplex SET processes to generate aryl and •SeCF3 radicals as key intermediates, allowing a convenient and green access to various aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziang Xu
- Department of Marine Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Filimonov VO, Topchiy AI, Ilkin VG, Beryozkina TV, Bakulev VA. Cyanothioacetamides as a synthetic platform for the synthesis of aminopyrazole derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1191-1197. [PMID: 37592935 PMCID: PMC10428587 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown that the reaction of 2-cyanothioacetamides with hydrazine involves both cyano- and thioamide groups, and 3,5-diaminopyrazoles are formed. In the reaction of 2-cyano-3-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylprop-2-enethioamides with hydrazine and its derivatives, the interaction proceeds with the participation of cyano- and enamine groups, not affecting the thiocarbamoyl group, and leads to the formation of 4-thiocarbamoylpyrazoles. A synthesis method has been developed and a series of 1-substituted-4-thiocarbamoyl pyrazoles has been thus synthesized. The structure of the reaction products was studied using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy O Filimonov
- Technology of Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira st. Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Perm State University, 15 Bukireva st., Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Alexandra I Topchiy
- Technology of Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira st. Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Ilkin
- Technology of Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira st. Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Tetyana V Beryozkina
- Technology of Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira st. Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A Bakulev
- Technology of Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira st. Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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