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A review of pretreatment and analysis of macrolides in food (Update Since 2010). J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461662. [PMID: 33160200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are versatile broad-spectrum antibiotics whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring. They are widely used in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat disease. However, because of their improper use and the absence of effective regulation, these compounds pose a threat to human health and the environment. Consequently, simple, quick, economical, and effective techniques are required to analyze macrolides in animal-derived foods, biological samples, and environmental samples. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the pretreatment and analytical methods used for macrolides in various sample matrices, focusing on the developments since 2010. Pretreatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and microextraction methods. Detection and quantification methods mainly include liquid chromatography (coupled to mass spectrometry or other detectors), electrochemical methods, capillary electrophoresis, and immunoassays. Furthermore, a comparison between the pros and cons of these methods and prospects for future developments are also discussed.
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Zhao T, Du L, Zhang Z, Li N, Wang M, Ren Q. A poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith for direct solid-phase extraction of benzodiazepines from undiluted human urine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3924-3932. [PMID: 32720657 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel polymeric monolith using N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as the monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker was successfully synthesized in a syringe and applied for direct solid-phase extraction of four benzodiazepines (bromazepam, triazolam, midazolam and diazepam) from undiluted urine samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography. The monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments. Moreover, extraction parameters, including loading, washing and eluting conditions were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method obtained linear ranges of 2.0-500 ng mL-1 with correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.4-0.6 ng mL-1 and 1.4-2.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 83.7% to 103% with the intra- and inter-day precisions from 0.6-7.6% to 2.7-9.8%. The present monolith allowed direct loading of crude urine samples without any filtration or dilution step. Besides, the sorbent offered an enhancement factor of 16.7-20.6 and was stable enough for ten replicate cycles of extraction/desorption of urine samples. The developed method presented an alternative strategy for the accurate and convenient determination of benzodiazepines in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengwen Zhao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China.
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Yoo KH, Park DH, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim SK, Jung HN, Jeong DH, Cho HJ, Hacimüftüoğlu A, Shim JH, Jeong JH, Shin HC. Development of an analytical method for multi-residue quantification of 18 anthelmintics in various animal-based food products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:68-76. [PMID: 33717613 PMCID: PMC7930640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics (including benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones, salicylanilides, substituted phenols, tetrahydropyrimidines, and imidazothiazoles) in five animal-derived food matrices (chicken muscle, pork, beef, milk, and egg) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid (milk and egg) and acetonitrile/1% acetic acid with 0.5 mL of distilled water (chicken muscle, pork, and beef), and purified using saturated n-hexane/acetonitrile. A reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of (A) 10 mM ammonium formate in distilled water and (B) methanol were used to achieve optimal chromatographic separation. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves (R2≥0.9752) were obtained for concentration equivalent to ×1/2, ×1, ×2, ×3, ×4, and ×5 fold the maximum residue limit (MRL) stipulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Recoveries of 61.2–118.4%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤19.9% (intraday and interday), were obtained for each sample at three spiking concentrations (×1/2, ×1, and ×2 the MRL values). Limits of detection, limits of quantification, and matrix effects were 0.02–5.5 μg/kg, 0.06–10 μg/kg, and −98.8 to 13.9% (at 20 μg/kg), respectively. In five samples of each food matrix (chicken muscle, pork, beef, milk, and egg) purchased from large retailers in Seoul that were tested, none of the target analytes were detected. It has therefore been shown that this protocol is adaptable, accurate, and precise for the quantification of anthelmintic residues in foods of animal origin. Multi-class determination of 18 anthelmintics in animal-derived food matrices were screened. Samples were extracted using LLE and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The developed method provided satisfactory sensitivity and linearity. None of the market samples was found to contain any measurable residues of the tested analytes. The developed protocol is adaptable, accurate, and precise for quantification in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hee Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ni Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmet Hacimüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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A rapid method for on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of dioscin in human plasma using a homemade monolithic sorbent combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:473-480. [PMID: 31792597 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A phenyl-based polymer monolithic column was prepared via free radical polymerization in a stainless steel column with the size of 4.6 mm i.d. × 50 mm, using ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate as the monomer. The resulting monolithic column shows high porosity of 73.42% and relative uniform pore structure, as characterized by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The optimized polymer monolith column was used for on-line solid-phase extraction prior to the reversed phase mode HPLC-UV analysis for the determination of dioscin in human plasma, using a COSMOSIL C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 4.5 μm). Water was used to wash non-retained components from the SPE sorbent, and methanol water (80:20, V/V) was used as the mobile phase for isocratic elution of dioscin. The maximum adsorbed quantity of dioscin to the SPE column is 6.79 mg/g, which is high enough for the quantitative analysis of dioscin in plasma, due to the low content of dioscin in plasma. The method was validated by assessing the linearity, lower limit of quantification, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, and repeatability. The developed method was applied for the analysis of dioscin in plasma from a volunteer who had orally administered an aqueous extract of dioscorea nipponica rhizome, showing the method capable of detecting dioscin in the plasma. These results show that the developed method is a rapid method for on-line solid-phase extraction and determination of dioscin from plasma, exhibiting good selectivity with hydrogen bond interaction and hydrophobic interaction, good clean-up ability, cost-saving, and time-saving. Graphical abstract.
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Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El Rassi Z. Biochromatographic applications of polymethacrylate monolithic columns used in electro- and liquid phase-separationsΨ. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1462204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Wang MM, Li N, Ai LF, Li L, Chen XL, Jia YQ, Wang XS. Poly[(2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride-co
-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the fast determination of salicylic acid in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3432-3440. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Wang
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Xue-Lei Chen
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Ye-Qing Jia
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
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Li X, Li Z, Wang X, Nie H, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Liu H. Monolith dip-it: a bifunctional device for improving the sensitivity of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:4947-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional monolith dip-it was fabricated and applied for improving the sensitivity of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Honggang Nie
- Analytical Instrumentation Center
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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