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Li J, Shu Y, Jiang L, Song S, Xu X, Wu X, Kuang H, Xu C, Guo L. Establishment of an immunoassay for detection of nonylphenols in surfactant oilfield chemicals based on computer-aided design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175304. [PMID: 39127205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are confirmed endocrine disruptors that are banned in many countries due to correlations with human cancers. NPs pollution in surfactant oilfield chemicals (OFCs) has become an important environmental safety issue. It is significant to establish a simple, accurate and low-cost method for detection of NPs in OFCs. In this research, computer-aided molecular design technology was utilized to design NPs haptens. High affinity monoclonal antibodies against NPs were obtained using a matrix effect-enhanced screening method, with an IC50 value of 183.01 ng/mL. A colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (ICA) for detection of NPs enabled rapid on-site detection of large volumes of OFCs. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection was 0.72-1.82 mg/kg, with a detection range of 4.49-191.28 mg/kg. The recovery was 84 %-104 %, with coefficients of variation < 13 %. As confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography of natural positive OFCs samples, the proposed colloidal gold ICA demonstrated accuracy and reliability, with potential for fast and economical on field test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong Shu
- PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 10083, China; Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemicals, CNPC, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Luming Jiang
- PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 10083, China; Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemicals, CNPC, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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2
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Repková A, Mišľanová C, Hrabčáková J, Masár M, Slezáková Z, Žemlička L, Valachovičová M. Relationship between Eating Habits and 4-Nonylphenol Concentration in Breast Milk of Women in Slovakia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2361. [PMID: 38137962 PMCID: PMC10744535 DOI: 10.3390/life13122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol belongs to the alkylphenol group of chemicals, and its high occurrence in the environment can cause an adverse effect on human health. Breast milk can serve as a marker to take measure of human exposure to these chemicals through different routes of exposure. In this work, the influence of selected factors (the kind of water drank by the mothers; the consumption of fish, pork, and beef; wearing gloves; using nail polish, gel nails, vitamins, and medication) on the concentration on 4-nonylphenol in 89 breast milk samples was studied. The concentrations of nonylphenol in breast milk were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The lowest and highest concentrations of 4-nonylphenol in breast milk were 0.97 ng/mL and 4.37 ng/mL, respectively. Statistical significance was observed for the consumption of pork (p = 0.048) and fish (0.041) in relation to the 4-nonylphenol concentration. Certain parameters (use of gel nails, beef consumption, and vitamin supplementation) were at the border of statistical significance (p = 0.06). Other parameters did not show any statistical significance. The results showed that breast milk in Slovakia does not contain a harmful dose of 4-nonylphenol and does not cause health problems. But it is necessary to continue this research and perform extended screening on a larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Repková
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Csilla Mišľanová
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Hrabčáková
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Slezáková
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Lukáš Žemlička
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology STU, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Valachovičová
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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3
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Zhang J, Liu L, Ning X, Lin M, Lai X. Isomer-specific analysis of nonylphenol and their transformation products in environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165982. [PMID: 37536583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are crucial fine chemicals widely employed in producing industrial and consumer surfactants that ultimately enter the environment through various pathways, leading to environmental pollution. NPs are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may accumulate in the body over time, resulting in unusual reproductive function. Due to limitations in analytical methods, NPs have typically been quantified as a whole in some studies. However, NPs are a mixture of multibranched structures, and different NP isomers exhibit distinct environmental behaviors and toxic effects. Therefore, it is critical to analyze environmental and human biological samples at the isomer-specific level to elucidate the contamination characteristics, human exposure load, and toxic effects of NPs. Accurately analyzing NP samples with various isomers, metabolites, and transformation products presents a significant challenge. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical research on NPs in technical products, environmental, and human biological samples, particularly emphasizing the synthesis and separation of standards and the transformation of NP homolog isomers in samples. Finally, the review highlights the research gaps and future research directions in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xunan Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Meiqing Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Shin C, Lee SM, Kim M, Kim YS. Simultaneous determination of the free and total forms of nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, and nonylphenol diethoxylate in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6583-6593. [PMID: 37712952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) are widely used in various daily products and have been cataloged as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Due to their high lipophilicity and low biodegradability, these compounds remain in the environment and enter the human body through the food chain. Growing concerns regarding the potential negative effects of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO on human health have raised the need for biomonitoring to investigate human exposure to these compounds. In this study, a simultaneous analysis method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established by controlling the background contamination of NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO, which are ubiquitous in laboratory environments. The proposed method showed proper linearity of over 0.999 and a recovery greater than 85.8% for all analytes. Accuracy and precision were verified in ranges of 92.97-116.30% and 0.65-9.29%, respectively. The detection limits for NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were 0.0363 μg L-1, 0.0401 μg L-1, and 0.0364 μg L-1, respectively, which were suitable for determining the trace analytes in human urine. Therefore, this simple and integrated analytical method was applied to measure the free and total forms of the target analytes in 25 human urine samples collected in Korea. Overall, free NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO were detected with average contents of 3.94 ± 4.14 μg L-1, 4.63 ± 2.62 μg L-1, and 0.293 ± 0.638 μg L-1, respectively, and with total NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO contents of 6.14 ± 8.24 μg L-1, 5.99 ± 2.91 μg L-1, and 0.806 ± 1.10 μg L-1, respectively. These data showed that these compounds are prevalent in human urine, and indicate the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerin Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, New Engineering Building, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Al Rashed N, Gerlach C, Guenther K. Determination of Nonylphenol in Selected Foods and Identification of Single Isomers in a Coffee Sample by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2180018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Nonylphenols in Foods by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020269. [PMID: 36673360 PMCID: PMC9858244 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are known to cause disorders in the endocrine systems of organisms. Due to their high lipophilicity and low degradability, these harmful substances are known to accumulate and persist in the environment, and even enter into the food chain. Analytical methods of liquid-liquid extraction using solid-phase extraction for sample clean-up combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were established to determine the presence of NPs in foods. This study aimed to develop and validate these methods using four food matrices representing high-fat and low-fat solid food, as well as high-fat and low-fat liquid food, groups. The single linear isomer 4-n-NP was used to validate the quantification of NPs, which exist in complex isomer mixtures. Our results showed good linearity, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.998 for all four matrices. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.37-1.79 and 1.11-5.41 μg/kg, respectively. Recovery rates were 86.8-108.6% and 92.6-101.9% for intraday and interday assays, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 12% for both assays. The method was applied to analyze 1185 domestic food samples consumed by Koreans, with NPs detected at concentration ranges of 2.57-269.07 μg/kg. Results for each food type over wide concentration ranges indicated that these compounds are highly dependent on the area of cultivation, and are affected by the levels of those contaminants in different environments. The contents of NPs in foods from animal sources were generally higher than those from plant sources, in particular being higher in the intestines than in lean tissue. The present findings could form the basis for determining the level of dietary exposure to NPs and how each food source contributes to it in South Korea.
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7
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Peng C, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang W, Ling S, Hu S. Dynamics and mechanisms of bioaccumulation and elimination of nonylphenol in zebrafish. Toxicology 2023; 483:153375. [PMID: 36375624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) has been widely concerned for its endocrine disrupting effects. In this study, we investigated the accumulation and elimination of NP for the whole body and trunk of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results show that the LC50 values of NP in zebrafish ranged from 474 μg·L-1 (24-h exposure) to 238 μg·L-1 (96-h exposure). Meanwhile, the NP concentrations in zebrafish during the depuration stage fitted the first-order kinetic model well, and the depuration rate constant (K2) was reduced from 0.412 d-1 to 0.2827 d-1 with higher NP. The half-life (t1/2) of NP was 1.75-2.45 d in the whole fish and 0.56-0.86 d in the trunk under low to high NP, respectively. Both the accumulation and elimination of NP in trunk were faster than those in whole fish, indicating the preferential transfer from viscera to muscle and rapidly diffusion in reverse. The bioconcentration factors (BCFSS) of NP were 104-112 L·kg-1 in whole body and 76-104 L·kg-1 in trunk, respectively, suggesting that the muscle was a major position for NP storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanqi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Siyuan Ling
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuangqing Hu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
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8
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Zhang NJ, Zhang Y, Yin S, Ruan DJ, He N, Chen X, Yang XF. Nonylphenol Promoted Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Upregulating the Expression of Regulator of Cell Cycle. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1533-1540. [PMID: 36074022 PMCID: PMC9491325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a widely used chemical, which has been considered a kind of endocrine-disrupting chemical and is involved in the occurrence and development of many types of cancers. Our recent studies demonstrated that NP exposure is related to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In this study, we also found epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoted by NP treatment in CRC cells. However, the mechanism of NP on tumor metastasis is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the effect of the regulator of cell cycle (RGCC) induced by NP treatment. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) analysis suggested that the expression of RGCC increased in CRC tissues, and our clinical samples showed that the expression of RGCC in tumor tissues is positively correlated with the serum level of NP in CRC patients. Further studies revealed that overexpression of RGCC could enhance the NP-induced EMT process in CRC cells and activate ERK signaling pathways. Inhibiting ERK signaling by ERK inhibitors or the knockdown of RGCC could attenuate the NP-induced EMT process. In addition, both RGCC overexpression and NP treatment could activate ERK pathways and attenuate the effect of ERK inhibitors on the EMT process in CRC cells. Altogether, this study demonstrated that NP could induce cell invasion and migration by increasing the expression of RGCC to enhance the EMT process, which might be through the activation of ERK signaling pathways. This finding supported a potential target for studying NP exposure-related colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-jie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Du-ji Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Nian He
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xue-feng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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Ringbeck B, Bury D, Lee I, Lee G, Alakeel R, Alrashed M, Tosepu R, Jayadipraja EA, Tantrakarnapa K, Kliengchuay W, Brüning T, Choi K, Koch HM. Biomarker-Determined Nonylphenol Exposure and Associated Risks in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10229-10238. [PMID: 35801963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disruptor and environmental contaminant. Yet, data on individual body burdens and potential health risks in humans, especially among children, are scarce. We analyzed two specific urinary NP metabolites, hydroxy-NP (OH-NP) and oxo-NP. In contrast to parent NP, OH-NP has a much higher urinary excretion fraction (Fue), and both are insusceptible to external contamination. We investigated spot urine samples from school children of Thailand (n = 104), Indonesia (n = 89), and Saudi Arabia (n = 108) and could quantify OH-NP in 100% of Indonesian and Saudi children (median concentrations: 8.12 and 8.57 μg/L) and in 76% of Thai children (1.07 μg/L). Median oxo-NP concentrations were 0.95, 1.10, and <0.25 μg/L, respectively, in line with its lower Fue. Median daily NP intakes (DIs), back-calculated from urinary OH-NP concentrations, were significantly higher in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia [0.47 and 0.36 μg/(kg bw·d), respectively] than in Thailand [0.06 μg/(kg bw·d)]. Maximum DIs were close to the preliminary tolerable DI of 5 μg/(kg bw·d) from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Dominant sources of exposure or relevant exposure pathways could not be readily identified by questionnaire analyses and also potentially varied by region. The novel biomarkers provide long-needed support to the quantitative exposure and risk assessment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ringbeck
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Raid Alakeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadhan Tosepu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | | | - Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand
| | - Wissanupong Kliengchuay
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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10
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Structure–Biodegradability Relationship of Nonylphenol Isomers in Two Soils with Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), as one of the typical endocrine disrupter chemicals (EDCs), has a high detection concentration and frequency in reclaimed water. This research focused on the degradation of NP isomers in two typical reclaimed water irrigation fields in Daxing, China, and Florida, USA. The results showed that the half-lives of NP isomer degradation in the soil of China and Florida were 2.03–8.66 d and 5.16–11.83 d, respectively. The degradation of NP isomers was structure-specific. Isomers of NP5, NP2, NP11, and NP3 had the highest degradation rates in the two soils; NP12, NP7, and NP6 were the isomers with medium degradation rates; and NP4, NP1, NP10, NP9, and NP8 had the slowest degradation rates. Steric hindrance and mean information index for the magnitude of distance (IDWbar) were found to be the better indexes for measuring the degradation of NP isomers compared with the length of the side chain, the type of the substitute, and the molecular connectivity. This study offers insights into the characteristics of NP isomers and two reliable indicators for measuring the degradation of NP isomers, which could provide data support for the environmental fate and the health risk assessment of NP in the future.
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11
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Ringbeck B, Bury D, Ikeda-Araki A, Ait Bamai Y, Ketema RM, Miyashita C, Brüning T, Kishi R, Koch HM. Nonylphenol exposure in 7-year-old Japanese children between 2012 and 2017- Estimation of daily intakes based on novel urinary metabolites. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107145. [PMID: 35168185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) has been under scrutiny for decades due to its endocrine-disrupting properties and its ubiquity in the environment. Despite its widespread occurrence, robust and reliable exposure data are rare. In this study, we used human biomonitoring (HBM) measuring the novel urinary alkyl-chain-oxidized biomarkers OH-NP and oxo-NP to determine NP exposure in 7-year-old Japanese children. The new biomarkers are advantageous over measuring unchanged NP because they are not prone to external contamination. We analyzed 180 first morning void urine samples collected between 2012 and 2017. OH-NP and oxo-NP were detected in 100% and 66% of samples at median concentrations of 2.69 and 0.36 µg/L, respectively. 10-fold concentration differences between OH-NP and oxo-NP are in line with recent findings on human NP metabolism. Based on OH-NP we back-calculated median and maximum NP daily intakes (DI) of 0.14 and 0.95 µg/(kg bw*d). These DIs are rather close to but still below the current provisional tolerable daily intake of 5 µg/(kg bw*d) by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Between 2012 and 2017 the DIs decreased by an average of 4.7% per year. We observed no seasonal changes or gender differences and questionnaire data on food consumption, housing characteristics or pesticide use showed no clear associations with NP exposure. Urinary OH-NP was weakly associated with the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) biomarkers N-ε-hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) (Spearman ρ = 0.30 and 0.22, respectively), but not with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Further research is needed to identify and understand the major sources of NP exposure and to investigate a potential role in oxidative stress. This study is the first to investigate NP exposure in Japanese children based on robust and sensitive HBM data. It is a first step to fill the long-standing gap in quantitative human NP exposure monitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ringbeck
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Rahel Mesfin Ketema
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 7, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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12
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Wang J, Zhang YW, Zhang NJ, Yin S, Ruan DJ, He N, Chen X, Yang XF. Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 Suppresses Nonylphenol-Induced Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting the Activation of ERK1/2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:759820. [PMID: 34746152 PMCID: PMC8570822 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the cancer procession has been a concern. Nonylphenol (NP) is a common environmental estrogen that has been shown to enhance the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in our previous studies; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the increased concentration of NP in the serum of patients with CRC. RNA sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed genes after NP exposure. We found 16 upregulated genes and 12 downregulated genes in COLO205 cells after NP treatment. Among these differentially expressed genes, we found that coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) was downregulated by NP treatment and was associated with CRC progression. Further experiments revealed that the overexpression of CCDC80 significantly suppressed NP-induced cell proliferation and recovered the reduced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the overexpression of CCDC80 significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 induced by NP treatment. ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) treatment also suppressed NP-induced CRC cell growth, but the overexpression of CCDC80 did not enhance the effect of ERK1/2 inhibitor. Taken together, NP treatment significantly inhibited the expression of CCDC80, and the overexpression of CCDC80 suppressed NP-induced CRC cell growth by inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2. These results suggest that NP could induce CRC cell growth by influencing the expression of multiple genes. CCDC80 and ERK1/2 inhibitors may be suitable therapeutic targets in NP-related CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Nian-Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Du-Ji Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Nian He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
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13
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Fu X, He J, Zheng D, Yang X, Wang P, Tuo F, Wang L, Li S, Xu J, Yu J. Association of endocrine disrupting chemicals levels in serum, environmental risk factors, and hepatic function among 5- to 14-year-old children. Toxicology 2021; 465:153011. [PMID: 34715266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) might increase the risk of childhood diseases by disrupting hormone-mediated processes that are critical for growth and development during childhood, however, the association among the exposure level of EDCs such as Nonylphenol (NP), Bisphenol A (BPA), Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in children and environmental risk factors, as well as hepatic function has not been elaborated. This study aimed to discuss this interesting relationship among NP, BPA, DMP concentrations in serum, environmental risk factors, hepatic function of 5- to 14-year-old children in industrial zone, residential zone and suburb in northern district of Guizhou Province, China. In Zunyi city, 1006 children participated in cross-sectional health assessments from July to August 2018, and their parents completed identical questionnaires on the environmental risk factors of EDCs exposure to mothers and children. Serum NP, BPA and DMP concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ALT, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were detected with automatic biochemical analyzer. The median concentrations of serum NP, BPA, and DMP in the participants were 45.85 ng/mL, 26.31 ng/mL and 31.62 ng/mL, respectively, which were higher than the environmental concentration limits of the U.S. National Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hair gels used during pregnancy, types of domestic drinking water, nail polish and cosmetics used by children were significantly positive correlated with serum NP concentration (P < 0.05). Gender, feeding pattern, plastic water cup used during pregnancy, hair spray and perfume use for children, duration of children birth, materials for baby bottle or cup and ways to plastic products were significantly positively correlated with serum BPA concentration (P < 0.05). Gender, perms used during pregnancy, hair spray and perfume use for children, using plastic lunch box during pregnancy, duration of children birth, exposure to pesticides, parents' occupations were significantly positively correlated with serum DMP concentrations (P < 0.05). Serum NP (β = 0.296, P = 0.036) and DMP (β = 0.316, P = 0.026) concentrations and TBIL level were significantly positively correlated. Serum NP concentration and the levels of IBIL (β = 0.382, P = 0.006) are significantly positively correlated. Cosmetics used during pregnancy significantly increased AST level (β = 2.641, P = 0.021). There was a positive correlation between the frequency of hair spray and perfume use for children and the AST (β = 4.241, P = 0.022). NP, BPA and DMP, which were commonly detected in the serum of children aged 5-14 years old in Zunyi City, Northern Guizhou Province, China, were closely related to the environmental risk factors of exposure environment during pregnancy, infancy and school age. Exposure to NP, BPA and DMP would have negative effects on hepatic function, and these effects showed differences in gender and geographical location. Notably,The relationships were more evident in girls than in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Fu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Deliang Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Honghuagang District People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - FangXu Tuo
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Shixu Li
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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14
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Al Rashed N, Guenther K. Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Nonylphenols and Nonylphenol Carboxylates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Levels in German Food after Restriction. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1956515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al Rashed
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Guenther
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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15
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Chung SWC. The development of isomer-specific analysis of branched 4-nonylphenol in food for dietary exposure - a critical review of analytical methods and occurrence in foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:842-855. [PMID: 33784230 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1889044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a para-substituted phenolic compound comprising a straight or branched carbon chain group while branched 4-NP consists of 211 possible structural isomers. NP is recognised as an environmental pollutant and exists ubiquitously in both the environment and in food. 4-NP, especially branched 4-NP, has been shown to have the potential role of endocrine disruptor and xeno-oestrogen. Moreover, different NP isomers also exhibit different oestrogen-like activities. Recently, it was reported that the isomer-specific profile of 4-NP in foodstuffs varies greatly between and within food groups. Hence, risk assessment based on total branched 4-NP cannot reflect dietary risk. This study reviews the analytical methods applicable to conduct an isomer-specific analysis of 4-NP and its occurrence in foodstuffs. Lastly, research gaps are identified for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Independent Researcher Formerly with Food Research Laboratory, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Sun J, Yang X, Shen H, Xu Y, Zhang A, Gan J. Uptake and metabolism of nonylphenol in plants: Isomer selectivity involved with direct conjugation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116064. [PMID: 33248833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), an environmental estrogen, is actually a complicated mixture of isomers, although it is commonly considered to be a single compound. There are many routes for crops to come into contact with NP; however, little is known about the plant uptake and metabolism of NP, especially at the isomer level. This study comparatively evaluated the uptake and in-planta metabolism of 4-n-NP and its 10 isomers using both carrot cells and intact plants. The rapid metabolism of 4-n-NP was observed in the callus tissues and intact plants with half-lives of 2 h and 4.72 d, respectively. Six conjugates of 4-n-NP were identified in the cell extracts using high resolution mass spectrometry. The primary transformation pathway was found to be the direct conjugation (Phase II metabolism) with the parent compound at the hydroxyl. Furthermore, 4-NP isomers with short side chains and/or bulky α-substituents were more resistant to plant metabolism and showed a greater tendency for accumulation. The influence of the side chains to the isomer selectivity was verified by the molecular docking between glycosyltransferase and 4-NP isomers. This study highlighted the necessity to consider isomer-specificity in the plant accumulation of NP and the environmental and human health implications of NP conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xindong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hong Shen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
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17
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Jiang Y, You M, Li S, Xu Y, Wang Y. Perinatal exposure to nonylphenol delayed myelination in offspring cerebellum. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114120. [PMID: 32589996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As a stable environmental contaminant, nonylphenol (NP) has been shown to induce some neurological deficits in the cerebellum, although the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to NP on myelination, an important process essential for the intact cerebellar function, in the offspring cerebellum. Exposure to NP delayed the myelination in the offspring cerebellum during perinatal period. The myelination recovered in the cerebellum of offspring exposed to NP over time, and returned to normal in adulthood. In addition, perinatal exposure to NP reduced mature oligodendrocytes (myelin-forming glial cells) and increased astrocytes in the offspring cerebellum. BMP signaling is believed to negatively regulate oligodendrogliogenesis and myelination. In the present study, BMP4, p-Smad1/5, and ID4, key members of BMP signaling, were increased in the cerebellum of offspring exposed to NP. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest that the activation of BMP signaling may underlie the decreased oligodendrogliogenesis and increased astrogliogenesis, and the consequent delay of myelination in the cerebellum of offspring perinatally exposed to NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Siyao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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18
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Screening for estrogen active nonylphenols in surface waters by planar solid phase extraction–planar yeast estrogen screen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6767-6775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Xu J, Zeng F, Fu X, Xu W, Yu J. Influence of nonylphenol exposure on basic growth, development, and thyroid tissue structure in F1 male rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7039. [PMID: 31245175 PMCID: PMC6586153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) with a weak ability to mimic estrogen have been associated with thyroid dysfunction. However, little is known about the effect of nonylphenol (NP), a well-known EED, on thyroid structure. The present study evaluates whether gestational and lactational exposure to NP impacts growth and thyroid structure in F1 male rats. Methods A total of 60 rats were gavaged with NP (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), estradiol (E2, 30 μg/kg/day), and corn oil alone (vehicle control) from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Serum thyroid hormones free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were detected by automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. The NP level in the thyroid was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The ultrastructure of follicular epithelial cells was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Histopathology was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results On PND 0, exposure to 50 and 100 mg/kg/day NP led to a significant decrease in the average litter size, litter weight and number of live pups per litter compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Dams exposed to NP during perinatal period demonstrated decreased serum levels of FT3 and FT4 in F1 male rats, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The NP level in the control group was 3.39 ± 0.08 ng/mg, while NP levels in the low, middle, and high dose groups ranged from 5.20 to 11.00 ng/mg. Exposure caused a dose-related increase in NP level in the thyroid of male pups (P < 0.01). The thicknesses of the thyroid follicular epithelium were 2.06 ± 0.37 μm in the control group and 3.97 ± 1.61 μm in the high-dose group. The thickness of the thyroid follicular epithelium increased with an increase in treatment dose in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The sizes of the thyroid follicles were 1,405.53 ± 866.62 μm2 in the control group and 317.49 ± 231.15 μm2 in the high-dose group. With increasing NP dosages, animals showed a decreased size of the thyroid follicle (P < 0.01). Thyroid follicular cells of NP-treated rats showed mildly swollen mitochondria and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Nonylphenol can cross the placental barrier and accumulate in the thyroid of F1 male rats. Gestational and lactational exposure to NP in dams impacted both development and growth of pups and damaged the ultrastructure of their thyroid tissue, which may further negatively influence normal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Breast & Thyroid Disease Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiangjun Fu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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20
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Lu M, Wu X, Hao C, Xu C, Kuang H. An Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Nonylphenol Leachate from Instant Noodle Containers in Southeast Asia. Chemistry 2019; 25:7023-7030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface, and Biodetection and School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface, and Biodetection and School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
| | - Changlong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface, and Biodetection and School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface, and Biodetection and School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface, and Biodetection and School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P.R. China
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21
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Li C, Jin F, Snyder SA. Recent advancements and future trends in analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation product nonylphenol in food and environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Acir IH, Guenther K. Endocrine-disrupting metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates - A critical review of analytical methods, environmental occurrences, toxicity, and regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1530-1546. [PMID: 29874777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) are classified as hazardous substances, they continue to be released into the environment from a variety of sources and are not usually monitored. Their wide use has led to an increase in the possible exposure pathways for humans, which is cause for alarm. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about the behaviour of these metabolites with respect to the environment and toxicity, and their biological effects on human health. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the APEO metabolites and their analysis, occurrences and toxicity in various environmental and human samples. APEO metabolites have adverse effects on humans, wildlife, and the environment through their release into the environment. Currently, there are some reviews available on the behaviour of alkylphenols in soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water and food. However, none of these articles consider their toxicity in humans and especially their effect on the nervous and immune system. This work summarises the environmental occurrences of metabolites of APEOs in matrices, e.g. water, food and biological matrices, their effect on the immune and nervous systems, and isomer-specific issues. With that emphasis we are able to cover most common occurrences of human exposure, whether direct or indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail-H Acir
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Guenther
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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