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Shi X, Liu J, Zhang W, Zeng S, Lin F, Wang H, Teng B. Mechanism of the wine pomace tannin in hyperpigmentation inhibition: Impact on signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and tyrosinase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134052. [PMID: 39038577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
After winemaking, tannins with high polymerization remain in the pomace. Utilizing these tannin fractions is a concern for the wine industry. While tannins show potential in treating hyperpigmentation, their mechanisms in vivo and at the cellular level are unclear. Herein, pomace tannin fractions (PTFs) were isolated post-winemaking. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis showed PTFs were composed of (epi)catechin gallate and (epi)catechin as terminal and extensional units, with polymerization degrees of 10, 16, and 35. In vivo studies demonstrated that PTFs removed ∼76 % of skin melanin, comparable to hydroquinone. The inhibition by PTFs is due to: (1) Inhibition of the Wnt and melanogenesis pathways, downregulating key melanin synthesis proteins (TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2); (2) Inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, disrupting DNA, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and integrity, and slowing melanocyte proliferation; (3) Superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity by binding to tyrosinase, chelating copper ions, and demonstrating antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that PTFs inhibit melanin synthesis by the combination of the above mentioned ways, supporting the medical use of winemaking tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Shi
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiaman Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang second medical collage, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shinian Zeng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), the first affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Bo Teng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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2
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Peng Z, Zhang J, He M, Wang G. Inhibitory activity and mechanism of thiosemicarbazide derivatives on tyrosinase and their anti-browning activity in fresh apple juice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135631. [PMID: 39284471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Exploring tyrosinase inhibitors has been an effective way to find promising anti-browning agents in the food industry. Therefore, a class of thiosemicarbazide derivatives (4a-4m) were synthesized and we investigated the inhibitory mechanism on tyrosinase by fluorescence quenching, copper ion chelating and UV spectra study etc. 2-(2-Chlorobenzyl) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (4f) (IC50 = 1.21 ± 0.02 μM) is the most active compound of all derivatives, which was defined as a mix-type inhibitor. Additionally, molecular docking and copper ions chelating studies indicated that compound 4f has the ability to inhibit the tyrosinase activity by chelating the copper ions in the active region. Furthermore, compound 4f also exhibited lower cytotoxicity, excellent aqueous solubility and outstanding anti-browning capacity in fresh apple juice. These findings indicated these derivatives could provide more possibility for developing more safer and effective anti-browning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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3
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Yan M, Xian X, Zhou X, Liang C. Two new cyclopeptides from Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2949-2956. [PMID: 37086473 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2201883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclic peptides, named as cyclogeobomptides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the roots of Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu. Compounds 1 and 2 are both made up of eight amino acids. The structures of them were established on the basis of the spectral data, including mass spectrometry, 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Cyclogeobomptides A and B were proved to have obvious inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with the IC50 values of 26.00 and 19.16 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Xian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lotfi Shahpar E, Mahdavi A, Mohamadnia Z. Inhibitory Effects, Fluorescence Studies, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Some Novel Pyridine-Based Compounds on Mushroom Tyrosinase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2063-2074. [PMID: 39110954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Melanin biosynthesis in different organisms is performed by a tyrosinase action. Excessive enzyme activity and pigment accumulation result in different diseases and disorders including skin cancers, blemishes, and darkening. In fruits and vegetables, it causes unwanted browning of these products and reduces their appearance quality and economic value. Inhibiting enzyme activity and finding novel powerful and safe inhibitors are highly important in agriculture, food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, in the present study, some novel synthetic pyridine-based compounds including 2,6-bis (tosyloxymethyl) pyridine (compound 3), 2,6-bis (butylthiomethyl) pyridine (compound 4), and 2,6-bis (phenylthiomethyl) pyridine (compound 5) were synthesized for the first time, and their inhibitory potencies were assessed on mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity. The results showed that while all tested compounds significantly decreased the enzyme activity, compounds 4 and 5 had the highest inhibitory effects (respectively, 80 and 89% inhibition with the IC50 values of 17.0 and 9.0 μmol L-1), and the inhibition mechanism was mixed-type for both compounds. Ligand-binding studies were carried out by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking methods to investigate the enzyme-compound interactions. Fluorescence quenching results revealed that the compounds can form nonfluorescent complexes with the enzyme and result in quenching of its intrinsic emission by the static process. Molecular docking analyses predicted the binding positions and the amino acid residues involved in the interactions. These compounds appear to be suitable candidates for more studies on tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Lotfi Shahpar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
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5
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Chai W, Wei W, Hu X, Bai Q, Guo Y, Zhang M, Li S, Pan Q. Inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism on tyrosinase and browning of fresh-cut apple by longan shell tannins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133326. [PMID: 38925198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a biological macromolecule closely related to browning of fruit and vegetables, melanin production, and tyrosinase inhibitors are usually used to prevent browning and pigmentation. In this study, longan shell tannins (LSTs) were screened as tyrosinase inhibitors and their structures were proved to be mixtures of procyanidins (condensed tannins) and ellagitannins (hydrolyzed tannins). Enzymatic experiments verified that LSTs were efficient inhibitors, and the IC50 values for monophenolase and bisphenolase were 176.04 ± 10 and 59.94 ± 5 μg mL-1, respectively. Fluorescence detections and molecular docking revealed that the combination of LSTs to tyrosinase was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, as well as van der Waals force, which changed the microenvironment of tyrosine and tryptophan residues as well as enzyme conformation. Circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulation showed that LSTs affected secondary structures of tyrosinase, resulting in structural stretching and conformational modification of the enzyme. In addition, preservation studies demonstrated that LSTs owned the ability to delay the browning of fresh-cut apples by inhibiting phenolic metabolism, strengthening the antioxidant system, and reducing lipid peroxidation. This paper testified that LSTs are exteaordinary tyrosinase inhibitors, and offered a scientific foundation for the application of LSTs in food industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Wenshuang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Xinru Hu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuhan Bai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shuting Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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6
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Nutho B, Tungmunnithum D. Anti-Aging Potential of the Two Major Flavonoids Occurring in Asian Water Lily Using In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Modeling Assessments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:601. [PMID: 38790706 PMCID: PMC11118190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in these extracts. Many flavonoids have been reported on the skin anti-aging effect that are useful for cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical application. However, Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal occurring in this medicinal plant have not yet been evaluated for their ability to inhibit skin-aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the enzyme inhibitory activity of Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal, and (2) to conduct molecular modeling of these compounds against critical enzymes involved in skin aging such as collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both of the two most prominent flavonoids exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity toward these enzymes. These experimental findings were supported by molecular docking analysis, which indicated that Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal showed superior binding affinity to the target enzymes compared to the positive controls. Additionally, computational predictions suggested favorable skin permeability and no severe toxicity for both compounds. The results from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that all the complexes remained stable during the 200 ns MD simulation. Structural analyses and binding free energy calculations also supported the inhibitory potential of these two flavonoids against skin-aging enzymes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the anti-aging potential of the two major flavonoids occurring in this medicinal plant, paving the way for further development of cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical products targeting skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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7
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Zhang T, Li Y, Guo J, Sun W, Lv Y. Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles as an Abiotic Artificial Inhibitor of Tyrosinase. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303615. [PMID: 38174888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An innovative methodology is presented for synthesizing synthetic polymer nanoparticles (TINPs) as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. This inhibition strategy combines the integration of two distinct functionalities, phenol, and phenylboronic acid, within the TINPs structure. The phenyl group mimics the natural monophenol substrate, forming a strong coordination with the catalytic copper ion, significantly inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Additionally, phenylboronic acid interacts with catechol, another tyrosinase substrate, further reducing enzyme efficiency. The shared benzene ring in phenyl and phenylboronic acid enhances binding to tyrosinase's hydrophobic pocket near its copper active site, contributing to potent inhibition. TINPs exhibit exceptional performance, boasting an impressive IC50 value of 3.5×10-8 m and an inhibition constant of 9.8×10-9 m. Validation of the approach is unequivocally demonstrated through the successful inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production, substantiated in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. The mechanism of TINP inhibition is elucidated through circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study introduces a versatile design approach for developing abiotic polymer-based enzyme inhibitors, expanding possibilities in enzyme inhibition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, National Energy Research and Development Center for Biorefinery, International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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8
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Zeng S, Wang K, Liu X, Hu Z, Zhao L. Potential of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) in functional food: A review of molecular mechanism-directing health benefit properties. Food Chem 2024; 437:137812. [PMID: 37897820 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) has received widespread attention worldwide as a therapeutic food with nutritional, economic, and medicinal value. Its fruit, seed, pericarp, and flower becoming dietary tools for health maintenance when it comes to targeting chronic diseases or sub-health conditions. In recent years, research focusing on longan and human health has intensified, and the high-value products of the whole fruit, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibiting peptides, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and Maillard reaction products etc., may have beneficial effects on human health by preventing the onset of chronic diseases and cancer, maintaining intestinal homeostasis and skin health. Here, we review and summarize the new available evidence on the bioactive role of phytochemicals in longan and explore the relationship between longan bioactive compounds and health benefits, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of the health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiai Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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9
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He M, Zhang J, Li N, Chen L, He Y, Peng Z, Wang G. Synthesis, anti-browning effect and mechanism research of kojic acid-coumarin derivatives as anti-tyrosinase inhibitors. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101128. [PMID: 38292671 PMCID: PMC10826612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirteen kojic acid-coumarin derivatives were synthesized using the principle of molecular hybridization, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. In vitro enzyme inhibition experiments showed that all newly synthesized derivatives have excellent inhibition of tyrosinase (TYR) activity. As a mixed inhibitor, compound 6f has the strongest activity, with an IC50 value of 0.88 ± 0.10 µM. Multispectral experiments have confirmed that the mode of action of compound 6f on TYR was static quenching. In addition, compound 6f formed a new complex with TYR, which increased the hydrophobicity of the enzyme microenvironment, reduced the content of the α-helix in the enzyme, and changed the secondary structure. The experimental results showed that compound 6f effectively inhibited the browning of lotus root slices and had low cytotoxicity. Therefore, compound 6f is believed to have great development potential as a TYR inhibitor in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan He
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Wang Z, Cui M, Wang H, Ma L, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in defatted seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) by affinity-labeled molecular networking. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114097. [PMID: 38395549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The defatted seeds of evening primrose (DE), a by-product of evening primrose oil extraction, are currently underutilized. This study aimed to valorize DE by examining its effects on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos and in vitro, and an innovative affinity-labeled molecular networking workflow was proposed for the rapid identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in DE. Our results indicated DE significantly reduced melanin content (53.3 % at 100 μg/mL) and tyrosinse activity (80.05 % for monophenolase and 70.40 % for diphenolase at 100 μg/mL). Furthermore, through the affinity-labeled molecular networking approach, 20 compounds were identified as potential tyrosinase inhibitors within DE, predominantly flavonoids and tannins characterized by catechin and galloyl substructures. Seven of these compounds were isolated and their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase were validated using functional assays. This study not only underscores the potential of DE as a rich source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors but also establishes the effectiveness of affinity-labeled molecular networking in pinpointing bioactive compounds in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingfan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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11
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Alshammari F, Alam MB, Naznin M, Kim S, Lee SH. Optimization, Metabolomic Analysis, Antioxidant Potential andDepigmenting Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds fromUnmature Ajwa Date Seeds ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:238. [PMID: 38397836 PMCID: PMC10886343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from unmature Ajwa date seeds (UMS), conduct untargeted metabolite identification and assess antioxidant and depigmenting activities. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was applied to optimize extraction conditions, including the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time. The determined optimal conditions comprised the ethanol concentration (62.00%), extraction time (29.00 min), and extraction temperature (50 °C). Under these conditions, UMS exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values of 77.52 ± 1.55 mgGAE/g and 58.85 ± 1.12 mgCE/g, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD%) and relative standard error (RSE%). High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis unveiled the presence of 104 secondary metabolites in UMS, encompassing phenols, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans and fatty acids. Furthermore, UMS demonstrated robust antioxidant activities in various cell-free antioxidant assays, implicating engagement in both hydrogen atom transfer and single electron transfer mechanisms. Additionally, UMS effectively mitigated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crucially, UMS showcased the ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and suppress key proteins including tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (Trp-1 and -2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which associated melanin production in MNT-1 cell. In summary, this study not only optimized the extraction process for polyphenolic compounds from UMS but also elucidated its diverse secondary metabolite profile. The observed antioxidant and depigmenting activities underscore the promising applications of UMS in skincare formulations and pharmaceutical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanar Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (S.K.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lai RL, Xu XP, Qi F, Zhang CY, Guan QX, Cui J, XuHan X, Lin YL, Lai ZX. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Regulation of Flavonoids in the Production of Embryogenic Cultures during Early Somatic Embryogenesis of Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18622-18635. [PMID: 37976371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenic cultures of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) contain various metabolites with pharmacological properties that may function in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis (SE). In this study, based on widely targeted metabolomics, 501 metabolites were obtained from the embryogenic calli, incomplete compact proembryogenic cultures, and globular embryos during early SE of longan, among which 41 flavonoids were differentially accumulated during the SE. Using RNA sequencing, 36 flavonoid-biosynthesis-related genes and 43 MYB and 52 bHLH transcription factors were identified as differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the flavonoid metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched during the early SE. These results suggested that the changes in flavonoid levels in the embryogenic cultures of longan were mediated by MYBs and bHLHs via regulating flavonoid-biosynthesis-related genes, thus potentially regulating early SE. The identified metabolites in the embryogenic cultures of longan can be used to develop pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lian Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qing-Xu Guan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu XuHan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Xiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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13
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Nutho B, Tungmunnithum D. Exploring Major Flavonoid Phytochemicals from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. as Potential Skin Anti-Aging Agents: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16571. [PMID: 38068894 PMCID: PMC10706394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., an aquatic medicinal plant (Nelumbonaceae family), has a history of use in traditional medicine across various regions. Our previous study demonstrated the skin anti-aging potential of its stamen ethanolic extract by effectively inhibiting collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes. While the major constituents of this extract are well documented, there is a lack of research on the individual compounds' abilities to inhibit skin aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging potential of the primary flavonoids found in N. nucifera using both in silico and in vitro approaches. Our initial step involved molecular docking to identify compounds with the potential to inhibit collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. Among the seven flavonoids studied, kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (Kae-3-Rob) emerged as the most promising candidate, exhibiting the highest docking scores for three skin aging-related enzymes. Subsequent enzyme-based inhibition assays confirmed that Kae-3-Rob displayed robust inhibitory activity against collagenase (58.24 ± 8.27%), elastase (26.29 ± 7.16%), and tyrosinase (69.84 ± 6.07%). Furthermore, we conducted extensive 200-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing the stability of the complexes formed between Kae-3-Rob and each enzyme along the MD simulation time. MM/PBSA-based binding free energy calculations indicated the considerably stronger binding affinity of Kae-3-Rob for collagenase and tyrosinase compared to elastase, which was related to the greater percentage of hydrogen bond occupations. These computational findings were consistent with the relatively high inhibitory activity of Kae-3-Rob against collagenase and tyrosinase observed in our in vitro experiment. In conclusion, the results obtained from this comprehensive study suggest that Kae-3-Rob, a key flavonoid from N. nucifera, holds significant potential as a source of bioactive compounds for anti-aging cosmeceutical and other phytopharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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14
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Rezapour Niri D, Sayahi MH, Behrouz S, Moazzam A, Rasekh F, Tanideh N, Irajie C, Seif Nezhad M, Larijani B, Iraji A, Mahdavi M. Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico evaluations of kojic acid derivatives linked to amino pyridine moiety as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22009. [PMID: 38034733 PMCID: PMC10682633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, novel series of kojic acid derivatives conjugated to amino pyridine moiety were designed and synthesized to explore their inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. To this end, the structure of all derivatives was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. Next, all derivatives were evaluated against tyrosinase compared to the kojic acid as positive control and exhibited different inhibitory potencies. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of all derivatives was determined. The kinetic analysis of the most active agent revealed that 3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-((3-nitrophenyl)(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (4h) binds to the enzyme in the uncompetitive mode of action. The docking analysis and molecular dynamic simulations showed considerable binding affinity and significant interactions with tyrosinase enzyme to target the melanogenesis pathway, proposing them as potent candidates to control hyperpigmentation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rezapour Niri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Behrouz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moazzam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rasekh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seif Nezhad
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Tung XY, Yip JQ, Gew LT. Searching for Natural Plants with Antimelanogenesis and Antityrosinase Properties for Cosmeceutical or Nutricosmetics Applications: A Systematic Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33115-33201. [PMID: 37744793 PMCID: PMC10515176 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive UV radiation (UVR) exposure has been shown in studies to be a major risk factor for most melanomas, causing premature skin aging as well as immune system suppression due to the increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the melanogenesis process. Although several compounds with antioxidant and antityrosinase activities are widely used in the cosmetic industry, like kojic acid, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, and arbutin, their use has been limited due to their adverse effects on the skin and cytotoxic issues. Recently, attempts have been made to develop new natural skin-lightening products by using plant extracts that are less toxic and exhibit numerous biological properties with great market demand. In this study, information on the depigmentation effects of various natural plant species was gathered from the SCOPUS database according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 414 records were retrieved, and finally, 76 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis by fulfilling all the inclusion criteria. In this review, we discuss the extraction methods and biological assays of 75 highly potential plant species, including the olive, yuzu, longan, and lotus. We concluded that the use of natural plants as skin-whitening agents is highly effective as there is a significant correlation between the content of polyphenolic compounds, antimelanogenesis, antityrosinase, and antioxidant activities. However, it is worth noting that the use of extraction methods or types of solvents is very important in determining the biological activities of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yee Tung
- Department of Biological Sciences, School
of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia Qi Yip
- Department of Biological Sciences, School
of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Ti Gew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School
of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Mohammadsadeghi N, Mahdavi A, Saadati F, Mohammadi F. In silico and in vitro studies of novel derivatives of tyrosol and raspberry ketone as the mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. Food Chem 2023; 424:136413. [PMID: 37236080 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis. Overproduction and deposition of this pigment cause different problems in various industries including agriculture and food. Finding safe tyrosinase inhibitors thus attracts great research interest. The goal of this study is evaluation of inhibitory potencies of some novel synthetic derivatives of tyrosol and raspberry ketone on diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. The ligands inhibited enzyme activity and compound 4-(2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)phenol (1d) exhibited the most inhibitory potency (77% inhibition, IC50 = 0.32 µmol L-1) via the mixed inhibition mode. This compound was also safe according to the results of in vitro analyses. The enzyme-ligands interactions were theoretically and experimentally investigated using molecular docking and fluorescence quenching approaches, respectively. Modes of quenching and related parameters were also determined and molecular docking data showed that the ligands bind to important sites of the enzyme. These compounds, especially 1d, can be suggested as efficient candidates for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Mohammadsadeghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Fariba Saadati
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P. O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fakhrossadat Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
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17
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Kim HD, Choi H, Abekura F, Park JY, Yang WS, Yang SH, Kim CH. Naturally-Occurring Tyrosinase Inhibitors Classified by Enzyme Kinetics and Copper Chelation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098226. [PMID: 37175965 PMCID: PMC10178891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are three major assaying methods used to validate in vitro whitening activity from natural products: methods using mushroom tyrosinase, human tyrosinase, and dopachrome tautomerase (or tyrosinase-related protein-2, TRP-2). Whitening agent development consists of two ways, melanin synthesis inhibition in melanocytes and downregulation of melanocyte stimulation. For melanin levels, the melanocyte cell line has been used to examine melanin synthesis with the expression levels of TRP-1 and TRP-2. The proliferation of epidermal surfaced cells and melanocytes is stimulated by cellular signaling receptors, factors, or mediators including endothelin-1, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, nitric oxide, histamine, paired box 3, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, pyrimidine dimer, ceramide, stem cell factors, melanocortin-1 receptor, and cAMP. In addition, the promoter region of melanin synthetic genes including tyrosinase is upregulated by melanocyte-specific transcription factors. Thus, the inhibition of growth and melanin synthesis in gene expression levels represents a whitening research method that serves as an alternative to tyrosinase inhibition. Many researchers have recently presented the bioactivity-guided fractionation, discovery, purification, and identification of whitening agents. Melanogenesis inhibition can be obtained using three different methods: tyrosinase inhibition, copper chelation, and melanin-related protein downregulation. There are currently four different types of inhibitors characterized based on their enzyme inhibition mechanisms: competitive, uncompetitive, competitive/uncompetitive mixed-type, and noncompetitive inhibitors. Reversible inhibitor types act as suicide substrates, where traditional inhibitors are classified as inactivators and reversible inhibitors based on the molecule-recognizing properties of the enzyme. In a minor role, transcription factors can also be downregulated by inhibitors. Currently, the active site copper iron-binding inhibitors such as kojic acid and chalcone exhibit tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Because the tyrosinase catalysis site structure is important for the mechanism determination of tyrosinase inhibitors, understanding the enzyme recognition and inhibitory mechanism of inhibitors is essential for the new development of tyrosinase inhibitors. The present review intends to classify current natural products identified by means of enzyme kinetics and copper chelation to exhibit tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Do Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), POSTECH, 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37676, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li G, Zhao Y, Qin Z, Wei S, Liang D, Liang Y, Song W, Ding B. Mechanistic Understanding of Tyrosinase Inhibition by Polymeric Proanthocyanidins from Acacia confusa Stem Bark and Their Effect on the Browning Resistance of Fresh-Cut Asparagus Lettuce. Molecules 2023; 28:3435. [PMID: 37110667 PMCID: PMC10143530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors are capable of preventing unfavorable enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. In this study, the capacity of Acacia confusa stem bark proanthocyanidins (ASBPs) to inhibit tyrosinase activity was evaluated. ASBPs were shown to be a high-potential inhibitor of tyrosinase with IC50 values of 92.49 ± 4.70 and 61.74 ± 8.93 μg/mL when using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as the substrate, respectively. The structural elucidation performed with UV-vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and thiolysis coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS suggested that ASBPs had structural heterogeneity in monomer units and interflavan linkages and consisted mainly of procyanidins dominant with B-type linkages. To gain insights into the inhibitory mechanisms of ASBPs against tyrosinase, different spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were further conducted. Results validated that ASBPs possessed the ability to chelate copper ions and could prevent the oxidation process of substrates by tyrosinase. The hydrogen bond formed with Lys-376 residue played a key role in the binding force of ASBPs with tyrosinase that induced a certain alteration in the microenvironment and secondary structure of tyrosinase, resulting in the enzymatic activity being ultimately restricted. It was also observed that ASBPs treatment effectively inhibited the activities of PPO and POD to retard the surface browning of fresh-cut asparagus lettuce and thus extended their shelf-life. The results provided preliminary evidence supporting the exploitation of ASBPs into potential antibrowning agents for the fresh-cut food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yaying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Zeya Qin
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shudong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yun Liang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China
| | - Baomiao Ding
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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19
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Manh Khoa N, Viet Phong N, Yang SY, Min BS, Kim JA. Spectroscopic analysis, kinetic mechanism, computational docking, and molecular dynamics of active metabolites from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceusBunge as tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106464. [PMID: 36921361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new isoflavane derivative (2), a new natural isoflavane (6), four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (23, 25, 28, and 29), and twenty three known secondary metabolites (1, 3-5, 7-22, 24, 26, and 27) were isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and compared with those identified in previous studies. Tyrosinase inhibition ability of isolated compounds (1-29) was evaluated. Of these, compounds 3, 4, 6, and 14 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 24.6 to 59.2 μM. According to kinetic analysis, compounds 3 and 4 were non-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, whereas compounds 6 and 14 inhibited tyrosinase in uncompetitive and competitive modes, respectively. Molecular docking analysis identified that compounds 3, 4, and 6 could bind to allosteric sites and compound 14 could bind to the catalytic site of tyrosinase, which is consistent with the results of kinetic studies. Molecular dynamics behaviors of the active compounds in complex with tyrosinase were investigated via 60 ns simulation which demonstrated their high stability. These findings indicate that the aerial parts of A. membranaceus are a potential source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Khoa
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Boonpisuttinant K, Srisuttee R, Yen Khong H, Chutoprapat R, Ruksiriwanich W, Udompong S, Chompoo W, Boonbai R, Rakkaew R, Sangsee J, Sriprasert K, Malilas W. In vitro anti-ageing activities of ethanolic extracts from Pink rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) for skin applications. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:535-546. [PMID: 37063444 PMCID: PMC10102410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin ageing is characterized by features such as wrinkles, loss of elasticity, laxity, rough-textured appearance, melasma and freckles. Several researches have focused for preventing, and treating skin ageing by many natural ingredients. This study aimed to assess the anti-ageing activities for anti-skin ageing of the ethanolic extracts of Pink rambutan (PR) (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.) from leaves (L), branches (B), seeds (S), and peels from ripe (R) and young (Y) fruits. The extraction yields of all Pink Rambutan (PR) extracted by the Maceration (M) and the Soxhlet extraction (Sox) using 95% ethanol as a solvent, ranged from 10.62% to 30.63%. Flavonoids were found as the main phytochemicals in almost all the PR extracts. The PR-Y-M and PR-Y-Sox extracts gave the highest total phenolic contents by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay of 67.60 ± 4.38 mgGAE/g, and total flavonoid contents by the modified aluminum chloride colorimetric assay of 678.72 ± 23.59 mgQE/g, respectively. The PR-L-M extracts showed the highest three anti-oxidative activities; the free radical scavenging (SC50 of 0.320 ± 0.070 mg/mL), the lipid peroxidation inhibition (LC50 of 0.274 ± 0.029 mg/mL), and the metal chelation activity (MC50 of 0.203 ± 0.021 mg/mL). All the PR extracts at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on B16F10 cells, and human skin fibroblasts, respectively. Likewise, the PR-R-Sox extract exhibited the highest anti-melanogenesis on B16F10 cells (52.7 ± 0.9%) and, the mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC50 of 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/mL), which was significantly comparable to kojic acid (p < 0.05). The PR-Y-Sox extract showed the collagen biosynthesis by the Sirius Red method, and the stimulation of anti-ageing genes (Sirt1 and Foxo1) on human skin fibroblasts by the RT-PCR method, which were similar to standards ʟ-ascorbic acid and resveratrol, respectively. This study suggests that the PR-R-Sox and PR-Y-Sox extracts can be further developed as natural anti-ageing agents for whitening and anti-wrinkle in the cosmetics, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Ratakorn Srisuttee
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Heng Yen Khong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Branch, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Sarinporn Udompong
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Wirinda Chompoo
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Boonbai
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Rattikarl Rakkaew
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Jinapa Sangsee
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Ketsani Sriprasert
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdom Research Unit, Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Malilas
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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21
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Ayalew AA, Wodag AF. Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Ethiopian Oak Bark Plant for Leather Tanning Applications. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Ishioka W, Nihei KI. Chemical synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of resorcinol alkyl glucosides, hydroxyalkyl resorcinols, and alkyl resorcinols. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evaluation of inhibitory effects of some novel phenolic derivatives on the mushroom tyrosinase activity: Insights from spectroscopic analyses, molecular docking and in vitro assays. Food Chem 2022; 387:132938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Liu L, Li J, Zhang L, Wei S, Qin Z, Liang D, Ding B, Chen H, Song W. Conformational changes of tyrosinase caused by pentagalloylglucose binding: Implications for inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Comparative Analysis of Various Plant-Growth-Regulator Treatments on Biomass Accumulation, Bioactive Phytochemical Production, and Biological Activity of Solanum virginianum L. Callus Culture Extracts. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum virginianum L. (Solanum xanthocarpum) is an important therapeutic plant due to the presence of medicinally useful plant-derived compounds. S. virginianum has been shown to have anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory properties. This plant is becoming endangered due to overexploitation and the loss of its native habitat. The purpose of this research is to develop an ideal technique for the maximum biomass and phytochemical accumulation in S. virginianum leaf-induced in vitro cultures, as well as to evaluate their potential antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant abilities. Leaf explants were grown on media (Murashige and Skoog (MS)) that were supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of plant hormones (TDZ, BAP, NAA, and TDZ + NAA) for this purpose. When compared with the other hormones, TDZ demonstrated the best response for callus induction, biomass accumulation, phytochemical synthesis, and biological activities. However, with 5 mg/L of TDZ, the optimal biomass production (FW: 251.48 g/L and DW: 13.59 g/L) was estimated. The highest total phenolic level (10.22 ± 0.44 mg/g DW) was found in 5 mg/L of TDZ, whereas the highest flavonoid contents (1.65 ± 0.11 mg/g DW) were found in 10 mg/L of TDZ. The results of the HPLC revealed that the highest production of coumarins (scopoletin: 4.34 ± 0.20 mg/g DW and esculetin: 0.87 ± 0.040 mg/g DW) was determined for 10 mg/L of TDZ, whereas the highest accumulations of caffeic acid (0.56 ± 0.021 mg/g DW) and methyl caffeate (18.62 ± 0.60 mg/g DW) were shown by 5 mg/L of TDZ. The determination of these phytochemicals (phenolics and coumarins) estimates that the results of our study on biological assays, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging assays, are useful for future cosmetic applications.
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Das RK, Mizan A, Zohra FT, Ahmed S, Ahmed KS, Hossain H. Extraction of a novel tanning agent from indigenous plant bark and its application in leather processing. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of vegetable tanning materials in leather processing has drawn attention as an alternative to basic chromium sulphate for its natural abundance and environmental aspects. In this work, an attempt has been made to extract vegetable tannins from Xylocarpus granatum bark using different solvents (e.g., water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform) and compare with conventional vegetable tanning agents such as mimosa and quebracho. The highest extraction efficiency was observed 31.22% by methanol. The presence of tannin content and polyphenolic compounds, e.g. (-)epicatechin (503 mg/100 g dry extract), catechin hydrate (218 mg/100 g dry extract), catechol (29 mg/100 g dry extract) were ensured by UV–Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC. Again, condensed tannins, moisture content, and pH of the methanol extracted tannin were found 47.80%, 5.82%, and 3.97 respectively. The leather tanned by Xylocarpus granatum tannin showed a shrinkage temperature of 86.34 ± 1.52 °C. Other properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, grain cracking load, and distention at grain cracking were comparable to conventional vegetable-tanned leather. The cross-sectional morphology of the tanned leathers was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed a compact structure of the leather fibers. In light of the findings from the study, X. granatum bark tannin could be a well alternative to chromium and a new source of vegetable tannin for the leather industry.
Graphical Abstract
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Hu YG, Gao ZP, Zheng YY, Hu CM, Lin J, Wu XZ, Zhang X, Zhou YS, Xiong Z, Zhu DY. Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of 2-Cyanopyrrole Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:914944. [PMID: 35783205 PMCID: PMC9247258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.914944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find potential inhibitors of tyrosinase, two series of pyrrole derivatives A (1–17) and B (1–8) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. Most of the 2-cyanopyrrole derivatives exhibited effective inhibitory activities. In particular, A12 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities, with the IC50 values of 0.97 μM, which is ∼30 times stronger than the reference inhibitor kojic acid (IC50: 28.72 μM). The inhibitory mechanism analysis results revealed that A12 was a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor. Molecular docking experiments clarified the interaction between A12 with tyrosinase. Furthermore, A12 (100 μM) presented effective inhibitory effect on tyrosinase in B16 melanoma cells with inhibition of 33.48%, which was equivalent to that of Kojic acid (39.81%). Accordingly, compound A12 may serve as the lead structure for the further design of potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies confirmed the interaction between the compound and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Peng Gao
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Zhou
- Guangzhou Yuming Biologival Technology Co, LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang Xiong, ; Dao-Yong Zhu,
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Antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of extractable condensed tannins from durian shells with antibrowning effect in fresh-cut asparagus lettuce model. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vaezi M. Structure and inhibition mechanism of some synthetic compounds and phenolic derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: review and new insight. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35510568 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2069157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Safety concerns are the primary consideration to identify and detection of enzyme inhibitors. In this regard, safe and potent tyrosinase inhibitors play important role in enhancing nutritional quality, health promotion and also prevent further damages. The present review focuses on the recent and efficient tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from both synthetic sources and synthesized phenolic compounds, including flavonoid, carvacrol, thymol, cinnamic acid and resorcinol derivatives. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was analyzed according to chemical structure, IC50, Ki and their binding energy. Further, inhibition mechanism and the biological effects of some these inhibitors with potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries were briefly discussed. Molecular docking procedure was performed on some derivatives and demonstrated favorable binding affinity with amino acid residues of mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The information offered showed that the substitution pattern of hydroxyl groups at the phenyl ring is an important factor of tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The results confirmed that understanding structural modification of inhibitors is a key role in finding novel and efficacious tyrosinase inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Vaezi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Yu ZY, Xu K, Wang X, Wen YT, Wang LJ, Huang DQ, Chen XX, Chai WM. Punicalagin as a novel tyrosinase and melanin inhibitor: Inhibitory activity and mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Zhou Y, Zeng HL, Wen XY, Jiang L, Fu CH, Hu YB, Lei XX, Zhang L, Yu X, Yang SY, Huang LH, Xiang H, Huang JH, Chen J, Lei L, Zeng QH. Selaginellin Inhibits Melanogenesis via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:838-845. [PMID: 35290062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmented skin diseases such as melasma, freckles, and melanosis usually mar the appearance of patients. Traditional herbal medicines are highly accepted in inhibiting skin pigmentation, with advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and low side effects. Selaginellin (SEL), one of the active compounds of selaginella, has been proved to be exhibit antineoplastic, antioxidant, antisenescence, and antiapoptosis activities. In this study, we found that SEL can inhibit melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A mechanism study found that SEL inhibits melanogenesis through inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, then down-regulating the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and downstream genes tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2). UVB-activated paracrine function of fibroblasts and keratinocytes promotes melanogenesis of melanocytes. Interestingly, SEL antagonizes UVB-activated paracrine function of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. These findings indicate that SEL can be a potential whitening compound to inhibit melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Yuehua Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Yuehua Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chu-Han Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi-Bo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin-Xin Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qing-Hai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
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Hop Tannins as Multifunctional Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Structure Characterization, Inhibition Activity, and Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040772. [PMID: 35453457 PMCID: PMC9027561 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of hops could be extended to obtain higher commercial values. Tannins from hops were assessed for their tyrosinase inhibition ability, and the associated mechanisms were explored. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) revealed that the hop tannins were characterized as condensed tannins with (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin as subunits and an average polymerization degree of 10.32. Tyrosinase inhibition assay indicated that hop tannins had an IC50 = 76.52 ± 6.56 μM. Kinetic studies of the inhibition processes indicated the tannins provided inhibition through competitive–uncompetitive mixed reactions. In silico molecule docking showed that tannins were bound to the active site of tyrosinase via hydrogen and electrovalent bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) observed the structural variation in the tyrosinase after reacting with the tannins. Fluorescence quenching analysis and free radical scavenging assays indicated that the tannins had copper ion chelating and antioxidant activities, which may also contribute to inhibition. The intracellular inhibition assay revealed that the melanin was reduced by 34.50% in B16F10 cells. These results indicate that these tannins can be applied as whitening agents in the cosmetics industry.
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Hu ZZ, Ma TX, Sha XM, Zhang L, Tu ZC. Improving tyrosinase inhibitory activity of grass carp fish scale gelatin hydrolysate by gastrointestinal digestion: Purification, identification and action mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Preparation of Spice Extracts: Evaluation of Their Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Properties Exploring Their Mechanism of Enzyme Inhibition with Antibrowning and Antidiabetic Studies In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9983124. [PMID: 35281605 PMCID: PMC8916850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9983124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes are known as promising target candidates for inhibitors to control unwanted pigmentation and type II diabetics mellitus. Therefore, twenty extracts as enzyme inhibitors were prepared from edible spices: nutmeg, mace, star anise, fenugreek, and coriander aiming to explore their antioxidant, antibrowning, and antidiabetic potential. Results confirmed that all extracts showed potent antioxidant activity ranging from IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.03 to 3.69 ± 0.37 μg/mL. In addition, all extracts exhibited excellent antityrosinase (IC50 = 1.16 ± 0.06 to 71.32 ± 4.63 μg/mL) and anti-α-glucosidase (IC504.76 ± 0.71 to 42.57 ± 2.13 μg/mL) activities outperforming the corresponding standards, hydroquinone, and acarbose, respectively. Among all extracts, star anise ethyl acetate (Star anise ETAC) was found most potent inhibitor for both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes and was further studied to explore the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Kinetic analysis revealed its irreversible but mixed-type tyrosinase inhibition with preferentially competitive mode of action. However, it binds reversibly with α-glucosidase through competitive mode of action. Further, star anise ETAC extract showed concentration dependent and posttreatment time-dependent antibrowning effect on potato slices and antidiabetic effect on diabetic rabbits in vivo proposing it promising candidate for tyrosinase-rooted antibrowning and α-glucosidase-associated diabetes management for future studies.
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Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Hano C. Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection Method for the Separation and Quantification of Antioxidant and Skin Anti-Aging Flavonoids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Stamen Extract. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031102. [PMID: 35164366 PMCID: PMC8838782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., or the so-called sacred lotus, is a useful aquatic plant in the Nelumbonaceae family that has long been used to prepare teas, traditional medicines as well as foods. Many studies reported on the phytochemicals and biological activities of its leaves and seeds. However, to date, only few studies were conducted on its stamen, which is the most important ingredient for herbal medicines, teas and other phytopharmaceutical products. Thus, this present study focuses on the following: (1) the application of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection for a validated separation and quantification of flavonoids from stamen; (2) the Nelumbo nucifera stamen’s in vitro and in cellulo antioxidant activities; as well as (3) its potential regarding the inhibition of skin aging enzymes for cosmetic applications. The optimal separation of the main flavonoids from the stamen ethanolic extract was effectively achieved using a core-shell column. The results indicated that stamen ethanolic extract has higher concentration of in vitro and in cellulo antioxidant flavonoids than other floral components. Stamen ethanolic extract showed the highest protective effect against reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation, as confirmed by cellular antioxidant assay using a yeast model. The evaluation of potential skin anti-aging action showed that the stamen extract has higher potential to inhibit tyrosinase and collagenase compared with its whole flower. These current findings are the first report to suggest the possibility to employ N. nucifera stamen ethanolic extract as a tyrosinase and collagenase inhibitor in cosmetic applications, as well as the utility of the current separation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 28000 Chartres, France;
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, 1 Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 28000 Chartres, France;
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, 1 Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (C.H.)
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Panzella L, Napolitano A. Condensed Tannins, a Viable Solution To Meet the Need for Sustainable and Effective Multifunctionality in Food Packaging: Structure, Sources, and Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:751-758. [PMID: 35029982 PMCID: PMC8796238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) have been the focus of increasing interest in the last years as a result of their potent biological properties, which have prompted their use in the food and feed sector as functional ingredients. The possible exploitation of these compounds as multifunctional additives for the implementation of active food packaging has also been recently appreciated. In this perspective, an overview of the structural features, accessible sources, methods of analysis, and functional properties of CT is provided, with the aim of critically emphasizing the opportunities offered by this widespread class of natural phenolic compounds for the rational design of multifunctional and sustainable food packaging materials.
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Zhang Y, Cai P, Cheng G, Zhang Y. A Brief Review of Phenolic Compounds Identified from Plants: Their Extraction, Analysis, and Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211069721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, showing a wide range of distinct biological activities, have received more and more attention in recent years. This review aims to gather and systematize available information on the phenolic compounds from plants by discussing different types of phenolic compounds, extraction, and analysis methods, with an emphasis on their potential biological activities. The research direction and problems that should be paid attention to in the future are also put forward to provide some references for the further study of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Chongqing Agricultural Products Quality & Safety Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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A pair of homoisoflavonoid analogues (6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonanone A/6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonanone B) from Ophiopogon japonicus as a tyrosinase inhibitor: inhibitory activity, conformational change and mechanism. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jan H, Shah M, Andleeb A, Faisal S, Khattak A, Rizwan M, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other In Vitro Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4786227. [PMID: 34457112 PMCID: PMC8387193 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4786227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) produced from aqueous leaf extract of Aquilegia pubiflora were evaluated in this study. Several methods were used to characterize ZnO-NPs, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, DLS, PL, Raman, and HPLC. The nanoparticles that had a size of 34.23 nm as well as a strong aqueous dispersion potential were highly pure, spherical or elliptical in form, and had a mean size of 34.23 nm. According to FTIR and HPLC studies, the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were successfully capped. Synthesized ZnO-NPs in water have a zeta potential of -18.4 mV, showing that they are stable solutions. The ZnO-NPs proved to be highly toxic for the HepG2 cell line and showed a reduced cell viability of 23.68 ± 2.1% after 24 hours of ZnO-NP treatment. ZnO-NPs also showed excellent inhibitory potential against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 102 μg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 125 μg/mL) which are involved in Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the enzymes involved in aging, diabetes, and inflammation showed a moderate inhibitory response to ZnO-NPs. Given these findings, these biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could be a good option for the cure of deadly diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and other inflammatory diseases due to their strong anticancer potential and efficient antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Aishma Khattak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir University Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Université ď Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Université ď Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism Investigation of Hypericin as a Novel α-Glucosidase Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154566. [PMID: 34361714 PMCID: PMC8348433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α-glucosidase is a major enzyme that is involved in starch digestion and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, the inhibition of hypericin by α-glucosidase and its mechanism were firstly investigated using enzyme kinetics analysis, real-time interaction analysis between hypericin and α-glucosidase by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and molecular docking simulation. The results showed that hypericin was a high potential reversible and competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, with a maximum half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.66 ± 0.27 mg/L. The binding affinities of hypericin with α-glucosidase were assessed using an SPR detection system, which indicated that these were strong and fast, with balances dissociation constant (KD) values of 6.56 × 10−5 M and exhibited a slow dissociation reaction. Analysis by molecular docking further revealed that hydrophobic forces are generated by interactions between hypericin and amino acid residues Arg-315 and Tyr-316. In addition, hydrogen bonding occurred between hypericin and α-glucosidase amino acid residues Lys-156, Ser-157, Gly-160, Ser-240, His-280, Asp-242, and Asp-307. The structure and micro-environment of α-glucosidase enzymes were altered, which led to a decrease in α-glucosidase activity. This research identified that hypericin, an anthracene ketone compound, could be a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor and further applied to the development of potential anti-diabetic drugs.
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Song W, Zhao YY, Ren YJ, Liu LL, Wei SD, Yang HB. Proanthocyanidins isolated from the leaves of Photinia × fraseri block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity in melanoma cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:3978-3991. [PMID: 33977989 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is considered a molecular marker of melanoma, and few natural antitumor drugs targeting tyrosinase have been identified. In this study, proanthocyanidins (PAs) were isolated from the leaves of Photinia × fraseri and their structures were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the effects of antityrosinase activity were investigated. The results showed that the basic structural units of PAs are composed of catechin and epicatechin and that oligomer is the main component. PAs exhibited better antityrosinase activity via chelation of copper ions and by disturbing o-quinone production. Furthermore, analyses of the cell cycle, apoptosis rate, and regulation of melanin protein expression revealed preliminarily that PAs could affect melanin production by downregulating microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) expression and by inhibiting the activities of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of melanoma cells. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PAs are potential tyrosinase inhibitors and have good antimelanoma effects. These findings provide a theoretical support for the application of tyrosinase inhibitors and for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Ya-Ying Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China. and Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
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Jan H, Usman H, Shah M, Zaman G, Mushtaq S, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Phytochemical analysis and versatile in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of different extracts of traditionally used Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:165. [PMID: 34098912 PMCID: PMC8186222 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Himalayan Columbine (Aquilegia pubiflora Wall. Ex Royle) is a medicinal plant and have been used as traditional treatments for various human diseases including skin burns, jaundice, hepatitis, wound healing, cardiovascular and circulatory diseases. Till now there is no report available on phytochemical investigation of Himalayan Columbine and to the best of our knowledge, through present study we have reported for the first time, the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological potentials of different leaf extracts of Aquilegia pubiflora. METHODS Four types of extracts were prepared using solvent of different polarities (Distilled water APDW, Methanol APM, Ethanol APE and Ethyl acetate APEA), and were evaluated to determine the best candidate for potent bioactivity. Phytochemical constituents in prepared extracts were quantified through HPLC analysis. Subsequently, all four types of leaf extracts were then evaluated for their potential bioactivities including antimicrobial, protein kinase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-aging and cytotoxic effect. RESULTS HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of dvitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid in varied proportions in all plant extracts. Antimicrobial studies showed that, K. pneumonia was found to be most susceptible to inhibition zones of 11.2 ± 0.47, 13.9 ± 0.33, 12.7 ± 0.41, and 13.5 ± 0.62 measured at 5 mg/mL for APDW, APM, APE and APEA respectively. A. niger was the most susceptible strain in case of APDW with the highest zone of inhibition 14.3 ± 0.32, 13.2 ± 0.41 in case of APM, 13.7 ± 0.39 for APE while 15.4 ± 0.43 zone of inhibition was recorded in case of APEA at 5 mg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity of 92.6 ± 1.8 μgAAE/mg, 89.2 ± 2.4 μgAAE/mg, 277.5 ± 2.9 μM, 289.9 ± 1.74 μM for TAC, TRP, ABTS and FRAP, respectively, was shown by APE. APM, APE and APEA extracts showed a significant % cell inhibition (above 40%) against HepG2 cells. The highest anti-inflammatory of the samples was shown by APE (52.5 ± 1.1) against sPLA2, (41.2 ± 0.8) against 15-LOX, followed by (38.5 ± 1.5) and (32.4 ± 0.8) against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Strong antimicrobial, Protein Kinase potency and considerable α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and cytotoxic potential were exhibited by plant samples. Significant anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and kinase inhibitory potential of each plant sample thus aware us for further detailed research to determine novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hazrat Usman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gouhar Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC EA1207), INRA USC1328, Plant Lignans Team, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, CÉDEX 2, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC EA1207), INRA USC1328, Plant Lignans Team, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, CÉDEX 2, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Exploration of anti-tyrosinase effect of Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. with in silico approach and survey of 21 Geranium species. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen J, Ran M, Wang M, Liu X, Liu S, Ruan Z, Jin N. Evaluation of antityrosinase activity and mechanism, antioxidation, and UV filter properties of theaflavin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:951-962. [PMID: 33878231 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key metalloenzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin that plays a critical role in the prevention of skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the overproduction of melanin may cause a variety of skin diseases. Due to the toxicity and inefficiency of existing tyrosinase inhibitors, it is urgent to identify safe and potent alternatives from natural sources. Theaflavin, a single-component extracted from black tea, has been found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Herein, the inhibition kinetics of theaflavin on tyrosinase and inhibitory mechanism were determined using spectroscopy, molecular docking, and zebrafish model. The results showed that theaflavin inhibited the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase in a reversible mixed type manner with IC50 of 229.75 μmol/L and hindered the synthesis of melanin in zebrafish. This may be due to the formation of eight hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects between theaflavin and tyrosinase according to the results of molecular docking. To study the possible effects on the prevention of free radical-mediated skin cancer and photoaging caused by UV radiation, the antioxidation and UV filter properties of theaflavin were further verified. This study demonstrates that theaflavin is a potential multifunctional compound that can be used in cosmetic and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Mengnan Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Siwan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
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Xu H, Li X, Xin X, Mo L, Zou Y, Zhao G, Yu Y, Chen K. Antityrosinase Mechanism and Antimelanogenic Effect of Arbutin Esters Synthesis Catalyzed by Whole-Cell Biocatalyst. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4243-4252. [PMID: 33821640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables and skin disorders due to overproduction of melanin. Arbutin is an inhibitor of tyrosinase; however, its high polarity and weak transdermal absorption capacity limit its applications. In this paper, a green solvent system was developed to successfully synthesize arbutin esters with improved liposolubilities (Clog P values = 0.27-5.03). Among the obtained esters, arbutin undecenoate (AU) showed the strongest tyrosinase-inhibiting activity (15.6%), which was 9.0 times higher than that of arbutin. An enzyme kinetics study indicated that AU was a competitive inhibitor with reversible inhibition. The esters inhibited tyrosinase by making the secondary structure of tyrosinase looser and less stable; moreover, the interactions between tyrosinase and AU driven by metal interactions and hydrogen bonds also offered a mechanism for inhibition of AU on tyrosinase. In addition, AU (100 μM) reduced the melanin content of B16 mouse melanoma cells to 61.3% of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lan Mo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yucong Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kebing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
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In vitro study of the antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-urease effects of methanolic extracts from leaves of six Moroccan Lamiaceae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li L, Cai Y, Sun X, Du X, Jiang Z, Ni H, Yang Y, Chen F. Tyrosinase inhibition by p-coumaric acid ethyl ester identified from camellia pollen. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:389-400. [PMID: 33473301 PMCID: PMC7802545 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A tyrosinase inhibitor was separated from camellia pollen with the aid of solvent fraction, macroporous adsorptive resin chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitor was identified to be p-coumaric acid ethyl ester (p-CAEE) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum. Its inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.89 μg/ml) was about 10-fold stronger than arbutin (IC50 = 51.54 μg/ml). The p-CAEE inhibited tyrosinase in a noncompetitive model with the K I and K m of 1.83 μg/ml and 0.52 mM, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE quenched an intrinsic fluorescence tyrosinase. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis showed the p-CAEE did not interact with copper ions of the enzyme. Docking simulation implied the p-CAEE induced a conformational change in the catalytic region and thus changed binding forces of L-tyrosine. Our findings suggest that p-CAEE plays an important role in inhibiting tyrosinase and provides a reference for developing pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fruit preservation products using pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuchen Cai
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme EngineeringXiamenChina
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen CityXiamenChina
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamenChina
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
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Chutoprapat R, Malilas W, Rakkaew R, Udompong S, Boonpisuttinant K. Collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea) extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1023-1031. [PMID: 32997567 PMCID: PMC7586725 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1822419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bambara groundnut (BG), originally from Africa, is widely distributed in Asian countries, especially in southern Thailand, and is used for food and functional foods. There is no report on the use of BG for ethnomedicine or cosmetics. OBJECTIVE To investigate collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of the BG extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hulls (H) and seeds (S) of BG were collected from Trang province, Thailand and extracted by Soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) using ethanol, and boiled with distilled-water (B). Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were quantified. The three antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities were determined by DPPH, FIC and FTC; and the modified dopachrome methods, respectively. The collagen biosynthesis and the anti-melanogenesis activities were investigated by Sirius-Red and the melanin content assay. RESULTS The yields of BG extracts ranged from 1.72% to 9.06%. The BG-SS extract gave the highest TPC and TFC. The BG-HM extract showed the highest antioxidant activities (SC50 of 0.87 ± 0.02 mg/mL, MC50 of 1.83 ± 0.09 mg/mL and LC50 of 0.70 ± 0.06 mg/mL), tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC50 of 0.45 ± 0.23 mg/mL), and anti-melanogenesis activities (72.9 ± 0.08%), whereas the BG-SB extract exhibited the highest stimulation of collagen biosynthesis (18.04 ± 0.03%). All BG extracts at 0.1 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. DISCUSSION The biological activities of BG extracts might be from their phytochemicals, especially phenolic and flavonoid contents. CONCLUSION The BG-HB and BG-HM extracts might be promising novel active sources for anti-aging and whitening cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Malilas
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rattikarl Rakkaew
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sarinporn Udompong
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai wisdom (INPTW), Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Song S, Liu Q, Chai WM, Xia SS, Yu ZY, Wei QM. Inhibitory potential of 4-hexylresorcinol against α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation: Activity and mechanism. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:241-249. [PMID: 33191127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase as well as non-enzymatic glycation is thought as an effective method for treating type-2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory potential and mechanism of 4-hexylresorcinol against α-glucosidase and non-enzymatic glycation by using multispectroscopic analyses and molecular docking. The results of enzyme kinetics showed that 4-hexylresorcinol reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase activity in a noncompetitive way. Fluorescence quenching then revealed that it increased the hydrophobicity of α-glucosidase and changed the conformation of the enzyme by forming the α-glucosidase-hexylresorcinol complex. Thermodynamic analysis and molecular docking further demonstrated that the inhibition of 4-hexylresorcinol on the α-glucosidase was mainly dependent on hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. Moreover, the 4-hexylresorcinol moderately inhibited the formation of fructosamine, and strongly suppressed the generation of α-dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The interaction between 4-hexylresorcinol and bovine serum albumin was mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction. This study showed a novel inhibitor of α-glucosidase as well as non-enzymatic glycation, and provided a drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Si-Shi Xia
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yi Yu
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ming Wei
- College of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
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