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Prachařová J, Kostrhunová H, Barbanente A, Margiotta N, Brabec V. The mechanism of antiproliferative activity of the oxaliplatin pyrophosphate derivative involves its binding to nuclear DNA in cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:669-678. [PMID: 37624480 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
(1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)(dihydropyrophosphato) platinum(II), also abbreviated as RRD2, belongs to a class of potent antitumor platinum cytostatics called phosphaplatins. Curiously, several published studies have suggested significant mechanistic differences between phosphaplatins and conventional platinum antitumor drugs. Controversial findings have been published regarding the role of RRD2 binding to DNA in the mechanism of its antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. This prompted us to perform detailed studies to confirm or rule out the role of RRD2 binding to DNA in its antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. Here, we show that RRD2 exhibits excellent antiproliferative activity in various cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the low micromolar or submicromolar range. Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate that DNA lesions caused by RRD2 contribute to killing cancer cells treated with this phosphaplatin derivative. Additionally, our data indicate that RRD2 accumulates in cancer cells but to a lesser extent than cisplatin. On the other hand, the efficiency of cisplatin and RRD2, after they accumulate in cancer cells, in binding to nuclear DNA is similar. Our results also show that RRD2 in the medium, in which the cells were cultured before RRD2 accumulated inside the cells, remained intact. This result is consistent with the view that RRD2 is activated by releasing free pyrophosphate only in the environment of cancer cells, thereby allowing RRD2 to bind to nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Prachařová
- Department of Biophysics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kostrhunová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Barbanente
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Department of Biophysics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Li R, Zhao W, Jin C, Xiong H. Dual-target platinum(IV) complexes reverse cisplatin resistance in triple negative breast via inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) and enhancing DNA damage. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106354. [PMID: 36720184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II)-based drugs play an important role in many chemotherapeutic protocols, but their further clinical applications are hindered by the development of drug resistance and serious side effects. Therefore, to reverse cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in tandem with reduced side effects, nine novel platinum(IV) complexes modified with key pharmacophore of Olaparib were synthesized and evaluated for biological activities. Among them, the optimal complex 8-2 showed good inhibitory activity against PARP-1 and superior anticancer effects over CDDP on parental (MDA-MB-231, IC50 = 1.13 μM) and CDDP -resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (MDA-MB-231/CDDP, IC50 = 1.72 μM). Detailed mechanisms revealed that compared with Olaparib and CDDP, the enhanced intracellular accumulation of 8-2 could efficiently reverse CDDP resistance in MDA-MB-231/CDDP cells via inhibiting DNA repair-associated mechanisms, enhancing DNA damage, and activating mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, 8-2 obtained higher tumor growth inhibition rate (64.1 %) than CDDP (26.5 %) in MDA-MB-231/CDDP xenografts, but it did not induce significant toxicity in vivo and in intro, making it a potential drug candidate for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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PT-112 Induces Mitochondrial Stress and Immunogenic Cell Death, Targeting Tumor Cells with Mitochondrial Deficiencies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163851. [PMID: 36010843 PMCID: PMC9405950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PT-112 is a novel pyrophosphate–platinum conjugate under Phase 1/2 clinical development for the treatment of several tumor types. In this study, using mouse tumor cells with well-characterized mitochondrial and metabolic status, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PT-112’s cancer cell death effects. Our results showed that cells with defective mitochondria were more sensitive to PT-112 when compared to cells with normal mitochondrial function. Moreover, PT-112 induced tumor cell death in those sensitive cells through non-conventional mechanisms, including increased mitochondrial stress, free radical generation and immunogenic cell death, a form of cell death that elicits an immune response. Taken together, the present findings suggest the potential for predictors of PT-112 sensitivity in the clinical setting on the basis of metabolic function. Abstract PT-112 is a novel pyrophosphate–platinum conjugate, with clinical activity reported in advanced pretreated solid tumors. While PT-112 has been shown to induce robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vivo but only minimally bind DNA, the molecular mechanism underlying PT-112 target disruption in cancer cells is still under elucidation. The murine L929 in vitro system was used to test whether differential metabolic status alters PT-112’s effects, including cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that tumor cells presenting mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (L929dt and L929dt cybrid cells) and reliant on glycolysis for survival were more sensitive to cell death induced by PT-112 compared to the parental and cybrid cells with an intact oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway (L929 and dtL929 cybrid cells). The type of cell death induced by PT-112 did not follow the classical apoptotic pathway: the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk did not inhibit PT-112-induced cell death, alone or in combination with the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Interestingly, PT-112 initiated autophagy in all cell lines, though this process was not complete. Autophagy is known to be associated with an integrated stress response in cancer cells and with subsequent ICD. PT-112 also induced a massive accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as changes in mitochondrial polarization—only in the sensitive cells harboring mitochondrial dysfunction—along with calreticulin cell-surface exposure consistent with ICD. PT-112 substantially reduced the amount of mitochondrial CoQ10 in L929 cells, while the basal CoQ10 levels were below our detection limits in L929dt cells, suggesting a potential relationship between a low basal level of CoQ10 and PT-112 sensitivity. Finally, the expression of HIF-1α was much higher in cells sensitive to PT-112 compared to cells with an intact OXPHOS pathway, suggesting potential clinical applications.
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Karp DD, Camidge DR, Infante JR, Ames TD, Price MR, Jimeno J, Bryce AH. Phase I study of PT-112, a novel pyrophosphate-platinum immunogenic cell death inducer, in advanced solid tumours. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 49:101430. [PMID: 35747193 PMCID: PMC9156977 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PT-112, the first pyrophosphate-platinum conjugate, causes immunogenic cell death in experimental models, leading to recruitment of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. PT-112 also associates with bone (osteotropism), likely driven by its pyrophosphate moiety. This is the first-in-human study of PT-112 monotherapy, exploring its safety and efficacy in a patient population where standard of care therapies were exhausted and novel treatment options are needed. METHODS Patients with progressing, advanced solid tumours received PT-112 intravenously (1 h) on days 1, 8, 15 of a 28-day cycle in an open-label, multi-centre 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial, conducted at four US research sites. The primary objective was to assess safety and pharmacokinetics, and to identify a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Eligibility criteria included: age ≥18 years, Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0-1, and disease evaluable by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v1·1 or by informative tumour markers. Patients receiving ≥1 dose of PT-112 were included in the safety and pharmacokinetic analyses, with the exploratory efficacy analysis including patients receiving ≥1 dose at 125 mg/m2. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02266745, with the dose-escalation portion of the study closed. FINDINGS Between July 7th, 2014 and September 18th, 2018, 66 heavily pre-treated patients (median 4 prior lines, IQR 2-6) were enrolled and treated across 11 doses (12-420 mg/m2). Treatment-related adverse events included fatigue (23 patients, 35%), nausea (16 patients, 24%), and peripheral neuropathy (14 patients, 21%). Grade 3 events were experienced by 18 patients (27%), with no grade 4-5 events observed. The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 360 mg/m2. Nine (17%) of the 54 efficacy evaluable patients achieved progression-free survival ≥6 months. Durable partial responses were induced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and thymoma. Radiographic and serum marker reductions were observed among ten patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, four of whom survived two years or longer. INTERPRETATION PT-112 is safe and well-tolerated in a heavily pre-treated population. Prolonged responses were noted against thymoma and lung cancer, along with radiographic and serum marker improvement in prostate cancer. Given the heterogeneous patient population, subsequent studies will be needed to characterize the risk/benefit ratio in more homogenous settings. Further development of PT-112 is ongoing, as single-agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. FUNDING Funding was provided by Promontory Therapeutics Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Karp
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd #U421, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. Ross Camidge
- Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center Anschutz Cancer Pavilion, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeffery R. Infante
- Department of Drug Development, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - José Jimeno
- Promontory Therapeutics Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan H. Bryce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Barbanente A, Iacobazzi RM, Azzariti A, Hoeschele JD, Denora N, Papadia P, Pacifico C, Natile G, Margiotta N. New Oxaliplatin-Pyrophosphato Analogs with Improved In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2021; 26:3417. [PMID: 34200051 PMCID: PMC8200237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Pt(II)-pyrophosphato complexes containing the carrier ligands cis-1,3-diaminocyclohexane (cis-1,3-DACH) and trans-1,2-diamine-4-cyclohexene (1,2-DACHEX), variants of the 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane ligand present in the clinically used Pt-drug oxaliplatin, have been synthesized with the aim of developing new potential antitumor drugs with high bone tropism. The complexes are more stable at physiological pH than in acid conditions, with Na2[Pt(pyrophosphato)(cis-1,3-DACH)] (1) slightly more stable than [Pt(dihydrogenpyrophosphato)(1,2-DACHEX)] (2). The greater reactivity at acidic pH ensures a greater efficacy at the tumor site. Preliminary NMR studies indicate that 1 and 2 react slowly with 5'-GMP (used as a model of nucleic acids), releasing the pyrophosphate ligand and affording the bis 5'-GMP adduct. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed against a panel of four human cancer cell lines have shown that both compounds are more active than oxaliplatin. Flow cytometry studies on HCT116 cells showed that the pyrophosphato compounds with the non-classical 1,3- and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane ligands (1 and 4) are the most capable to induce cells' death by apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Barbanente
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (C.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Laboratorio di Farmacologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, O. Flacco St., 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratorio di Farmacologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, O. Flacco St., 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (A.A.)
| | - James D. Hoeschele
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA;
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paride Papadia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Concetta Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (C.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (C.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (C.P.); (G.N.)
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Chung HY, Claus RA. Keep Your Friends Close, but Your Enemies Closer: Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase During Infection and Host Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616500. [PMID: 33553211 PMCID: PMC7859284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the inert and constitutive membrane building block sphingomyelin to the highly active lipid mediator ceramide by extracellularly active acid sphingomyelinase is tightly regulated during stress response and opens the gate for invading pathogens, triggering the immune response, development of remote organ failure, and tissue repair following severe infection. How do one enzyme and one mediator manage all of these affairs? Under physiological conditions, the enzyme is located in the lysosomes and takes part in the noiseless metabolism of sphingolipids, but following stress the protein is secreted into circulation. When secreted, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin present at the outer leaflet of membranes to ceramide. Its generation troubles the biophysical context of cellular membranes resulting in functional assembly and reorganization of proteins and receptors, also embedded in highly conserved response mechanisms. As a consequence of cellular signaling, not only induction of cell death but also proliferation, differentiation, and fibrogenesis are affected. Here, we discuss the current state of the art on both the impact and function of the enzyme during host response and damage control. Also, the potential role of lysosomotropic agents as functional inhibitors of this upstream alarming cascade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Muhammad N, Tan CP, Nawaz U, Wang J, Wang FX, Nasreen S, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Multiaction Platinum(IV) Prodrug Containing Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor and Metabolic Modifier against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12632-12642. [PMID: 32838518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional platinumIV anticancer prodrugs have the potential to enrich the anticancer properties and overcome the clinical problems of drug resistance and side effects of platinumII anticancer agents. Herein, we develop dual and triple action platinumIV complexes with targeted and biological active functionalities. One complex (PFL) that consists of cisplatin, tegafur, and lonidamine exhibits strong cytotoxicity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Cellular uptake and distribution studies reveal that PFL mainly accumulates in mitochondria. As a result, PFL disrupts the mitochondrial ultrastructure and induces significant alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, which further leads to an increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in ATP synthesis in MDA-MB-231 TNBCs. Western blot analysis reveals the formation of ternary complex of thymidylate synthase, which shows the intracellular conversion of tegafur into 5-FU after its release from PFL. Furthermore, treatment with PFL impairs the mitochondrial function, leading to the inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration and induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The RNA-sequencing experiment shows that PFL can perturb the pathways involved in DNA synthesis, DNA damage, metabolism, and transcriptional activity. These findings demonstrate that PFL intervenes in several cellular processes including DNA damage, thymidylate synthase inhibition, and perturbation of the mitochondrial bioenergetics to kill the cancer cells. The results highlight the significance of a triple-action prodrug for efficient anticancer therapy for TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Uroosa Nawaz
- Department of Surgery, P.O.F. Hospital, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan
| | - Jie Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Sadia Nasreen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology (UET), Taxila 47080, Pakistan
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Jordan AC, Wu J. Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Combination strategies. World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:190-209. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death globally, and its incidence in the United States is increasing. Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not candidates for surgical resection, liver transplant, or locoregional therapies can be treated with systemic therapies. Multiple agents, including sorafenib, lenvatinib, and regorafenib are approved for use as either first- or second-line therapy in this patient population, but all have relatively modest survival benefits. HCC is potentially susceptible to therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, including agents such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which are both approved by the Food and Drug Administration for patients previously treated with sorafenib but have not demonstrated superior overall survival in phase III trials. It is clear that more effective approaches are needed to potentiate the effects of checkpoint inhibitors in patients with HCC. This review will outline and appraise the current literature on the use of checkpoint inhibitors in HCC as part of a combination treatment involving an additional mode of therapy. The list of agents that can be paired with checkpoint inhibitors includes an additional checkpoint inhibitor, vascular endothelial growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, OX-40 agonists, and PT-112 inhibitors. The main non-pharmacologic therapies currently being studied for inclusion in a combination strategy include radiation therapy, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Claudius Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Jennifer Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Yamazaki T, Buqué A, Ames TD, Galluzzi L. PT-112 induces immunogenic cell death and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockers in mouse tumor models. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1721810. [PMID: 32117585 PMCID: PMC7028345 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1721810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PT-112 is a novel platinum-pyrophosphate conjugate under clinical development for cancer therapy. PT-112 mediates cytostatic and cytotoxic effects against a variety of human and mouse cancer cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxic response to PT-112 is associated with the emission of danger signals underpinning the initiation of anticancer immunity, including calreticulin exposure on the surface of dying cells, as well as ATP and HMGB1 secretion. Consistently, mouse cancer cells succumbing to PT-112 in vitro can be used to provide syngeneic, immunocompetent mice with immunological protection against a subsequent challenge with living tumor cells of the same type. Moreover, PT-112 administration synergizes with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade in the control of mouse cancers in immunologically competent settings, as it simultaneously recruits immune effector cells and depletes immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, PT-112 employed intratumorally in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition initiates a robust immune response that has systemic outreach and limits the growth of untreated, distant lesions. Thus, PT-112 induces the immunogenic demise of cancer cells, and hence stands out as a promising combinatorial partner of immune checkpoint blockers, especially for the treatment of otherwise immunologically cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Barbanente A, Gandin V, Ditaranto N, Marzano C, Hoeschele JD, Suranna GP, Papadia P, Natile G, Margiotta N. A Pt(IV) prodrug of kiteplatin with the bone-targeting pyrophosphate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Pötsch I, Baier D, Keppler BK, Berger W. Challenges and Chances in the Preclinical to Clinical Translation of Anticancer Metallodrugs. METAL-BASED ANTICANCER AGENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016452-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite being “sentenced to death” for quite some time, anticancer platinum compounds are still the most frequently prescribed cancer therapies in the oncological routine and recent exciting news from late-stage clinical studies on combinations of metallodrugs with immunotherapies suggest that this situation will not change soon. It is perhaps surprising that relatively simple molecules like cisplatin, discovered over 50 years ago, are still widely used clinically, while none of the highly sophisticated metal compounds developed over the last decade, including complexes with targeting ligands and multifunctional (nano)formulations, have managed to obtain clinical approval. In this book chapter, we summarize the current status of ongoing clinical trials for anticancer metal compounds and discuss the reasons for previous failures, as well as new opportunities for the clinical translation of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pötsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dina Baier
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kasparkova J, Kostrhunova H, Novohradsky V, Pracharova J, Curci A, Margiotta N, Natile G, Brabec V. Anticancer kiteplatin pyrophosphate derivatives show unexpected target selectivity for DNA. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:14139-14148. [PMID: 28972623 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the promising new antitumor platinum complexes is a large-ring chelate complex [PtCl2(cis-1,4-DACH)] (DACH = diaminocyclohexane) (kiteplatin). Recently, new platinum(ii) derivatives of kiteplatin with pyrophosphate as a carrier ligand have been synthesized and tested on a panel of human cancer cell lines. These derivatives of kiteplatin were found to be more effective than clinically used anticancer platinum drugs. The design of kiteplatin pyrophosphate derivatives was based on the concept of pyrophosphate coordinated platinum complexes, phosphaplatins. Phosphaplatins have been shown to function without binding to DNA and hence DNA has been excluded as the target of phosphaplatins in contrast to conventional antitumor platinum drugs. Cytotoxicity, major cellular targets and DNA interactions of the new anticancer platinum drug were characterized by standard biochemical methods and methods of molecular and cellular biology. We demonstrate that, in contrast to what has been reported on closely related phosphaplatins, the derivatives of kiteplatin with the pyrophosphate carrier ligand are activated in the cellular environment. This activation, which yields species capable of platination of DNA, very likely comprises the hydrolytic release of the pyrophosphate ligand that could be enzymatically catalyzed. Collectively, these data provide convincing evidence that unexpectedly DNA is an important target for the biological activity of the kiteplatin pyrophosphate derivatives, although the overall mechanism of action might be different from those of conventional platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Curci A, Gandin V, Marzano C, Hoeschele JD, Natile G, Margiotta N. Novel Kiteplatin Pyrophosphate Derivatives with Improved Efficacy. Inorg Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new Pt(II) derivatives of kiteplatin ([PtCl2(cis-1,4-DACH)]) with pyrophosphate as carrier ligand, one mononuclear (1) and one dinuclear (2), were synthesized with the aim of potentiating the efficacy of kiteplatin. Complex 1 resulted to be remarkably stable at physiological pH, but it undergoes a fast hydrolysis reaction at acidic pH releasing free pyrophosphate and (aquated) kiteplatin. The dinuclear compound 2 resulted to be less stable than 1 at both neutral and acidic pH forming 1 and (aquated) kiteplatin as first step. Both compounds (1 and 2) do not react as such with 5'-GMP, whereas their hydrolysis products readily form adducts with the nucleotide. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays against a panel of six human cancer cell lines showed that complex 2 affects cancer cell viability even at nanomolar concentrations. The cytotoxic activity of 2 is greater (up to 2 orders of magnitude) than that of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and kiteplatin, whereas the mononuclear complex 1 has shown a cytotoxic activity comparable to that of oxaliplatin and kiteplatin, but higher than cisplatin. The latter result is not surprising, since the presence of two negative charges reduces the uptake of 1 into the tumor cells as compared to the neutral compound 2. The remarkable activity of 2 against the pancreatic cell line BxPC3 (average IC50 = 0.07 μM) deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Curci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua , Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - James D Hoeschele
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University , 48197 Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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15
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Cheff DM, Hall MD. A Drug of Such Damned Nature.1 Challenges and Opportunities in Translational Platinum Drug Research. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4517-4532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian M. Cheff
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- NCATS Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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16
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Yang L, Moghaddas S, Dezvareh H, Belkacemi L, Bark SJ, Bose RN, Do LH. Insights into the anti-angiogenic properties of phosphaplatins. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 164:5-16. [PMID: 27591123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphaplatins are platinum-based antitumor compounds that, unlike other clinically utilized platinum drugs (i.e. cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin), appear to target proteins rather than DNA. Because of their unique mode of action, phosphaplatins are promising drug candidates for cisplatin-resistant cancers. In this study, we discovered that Pt(II) and Pt(IV) phosphaplatins possess diverse antitumor properties. In addition to targeting apoptosis antigen (FAS) and proapoptotic gene products as described previously, phosphaplatins also target angiogenesis. We demonstrate that phosphaplatins inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation in vitro and suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth in immunodeficient mice that were inoculated with A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vivo. To provide insight into this novel antitumor mechanism, phosphaplatin-treated HUVECs were found to exhibit lower gene expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and the VEGFR-2 receptor compared to untreated cells. Kinase inhibition studies suggest that phosphaplatins are inhibitors of VEGFR-2. In ligand exchange experiments using both Pt atomic absorption and 31P NMR spectroscopies, we show that phosphaplatins most likely bind to VEGFR-2 through metal-ligand coordination rather than electrostatic interactions. These studies enhance our understanding of the diverse and novel mechanisms of action of the phosphaplatin antitumor agents, which could potentially be used as chemotherapeutic agents against cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Shadi Moghaddas
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Homa Dezvareh
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Louiza Belkacemi
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Steven J Bark
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Rathindra N Bose
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States; Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Loi H Do
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States.
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17
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Benedetti M, De Castro F, Romano A, Migoni D, Piccinni B, Verri T, Lelli M, Roveri N, Fanizzi FP. Adsorption of the cis-[Pt(NH3)2(P2O7)]2− (phosphaplatin) on hydroxyapatite nanocrystals as a smart way to selectively release activated cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (cisplatin) in tumor tissues. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 157:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Tripathi S, Belkacemi L, Cheung MS, Bose RN. Correlation between Gene Variants, Signaling Pathways, and Efficacy of Chemotherapy Drugs against Colon Cancers. Cancer Inform 2016; 15:1-13. [PMID: 26819545 PMCID: PMC4721683 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s34506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacies, toxicities, and resistance mechanisms of chemotherapy drugs, such as oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), vary widely among various categories and subcategories of colon cancers. By understanding the differences in the drug efficacy and resistance at the level of protein–protein networks, we identified the correlation between the drug activity of oxaliplatin/5-FU and gene variations from the US National Cancer Institute-60 human cancer cell lines. The activity of either of these drugs is correlated with specific amino acid variant(s) of KRAS and other genes from the signaling pathways of colon cancer progression. We also discovered that the activity of a non-DNA-binding novel platinum drug, phosphaplatin, is comparable with oxaliplatin and 5-FU when it was tested against colon cancer cell lines. Our strategy that combines the knowledge from pharmacogenomics across cell lines with the molecular information from specific cancer cells is beneficial for predicting the outcome of a possible combination therapy for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Tripathi
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louiza Belkacemi
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret S Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rathindra N Bose
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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