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Giorgioni G, Del Bello F, Quaglia W, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Piergentili A. Advances in the Development of Nonpeptide Small Molecules Targeting Ghrelin Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3098-3118. [PMID: 35157454 PMCID: PMC8883476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an octanoylated peptide acting by the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, namely, GHS-R1a. The involvement of ghrelin in several physiological processes, including stimulation of food intake, gastric emptying, body energy balance, glucose homeostasis, reduction of insulin secretion, and lipogenesis validates the considerable interest in GHS-R1a as a promising target for the treatment of numerous disorders. Over the years, several GHS-R1a ligands have been identified and some of them have been extensively studied in clinical trials. The recently resolved structures of GHS-R1a bound to ghrelin or potent ligands have provided useful information for the design of new GHS-R1a drugs. This perspective is focused on the development of recent nonpeptide small molecules acting as GHS-R1a agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists, bearing classical or new molecular scaffolds, as well as on radiolabeled GHS-R1a ligands developed for imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - E Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M V Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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2
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Danila GM, Puiu M, Zamfir LG, Bala C. Early detection of cannabinoids in biological samples based on their affinity interaction with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Talanta 2022; 237:122905. [PMID: 34736642 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the early detection of cannabinoids in urine samples according to their affinity profiles in competitive assays with labelled ghrelin (GHR). We have demonstrated for the first time that cannabidiol (CBD) and 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (carboxy-THC) act as extracellular ligands for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a), strongly promoting the binding of ghrelin (GHR), the endogenous ligand of GHS-R1a. The affinity profiles of CBD and carboxy-THC are significantly different from the profiles of synthetic GHR mimetics such as CJC-1295 or [D-Arg1-D-Phe5-D-Trp7,9-Leu11]-Substance P peptides, which are the most common interferents; the cannabinoids promoted the GHR/GHS-R1a interaction, while the ghrelin mimetics acted rather as competitive inhibitors. The analysis of 1:4 diluted urine samples proved that the proposed method displays good linearity and sensitivity in the range of 5-30 ng/mL for both CBD and carboxy-THC, whereas GHR mimetics display no interference at concentrations up to 100 ng/mL. The results were validated by comparison with the gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reference method. CBD may exert the same promoting effect on the interaction of GHS-R1a with other GHR mimetics listed as performance-enhancing substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Madalin Danila
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania; Romanian Doping Control Laboratory, 022103, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Puiu
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania; ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050107, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Bala
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania.
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3
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Sekar BS, Mao J, Lukito BR, Wang Z, Li Z. Bioproduction of Enantiopure (
R
)‐ and (
S
)‐2‐Phenylglycinols from Styrenes and Renewable Feedstocks. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sundara Sekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Jiwei Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Benedict Ryan Lukito
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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4
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Dinh AN, Maddox SM, Vaidya SD, Saputra MA, Nalbandian CJ, Gustafson JL. Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Chlorination of Phenols and Anilines through a Lewis Basic Selenoether Catalyst. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13895-13905. [PMID: 33044067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly efficient ortho-selective electrophilic chlorination of phenols utilizing a Lewis basic selenoether catalyst. The selenoether catalyst resulted in comparable selectivities to our previously reported bis-thiourea ortho-selective catalyst, with a catalyst loading as low as 1%. The new catalytic system also allowed us to extend this chemistry to obtain excellent ortho-selectivities for unprotected anilines. The selectivities of this reaction are up to >20:1 ortho/para, while the innate selectivities for phenols and anilines are approximately 1:4 ortho/para. A series of preliminary studies revealed that the substrates require a hydrogen-bonding moiety for selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Sean M Maddox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Sagar D Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Mirza A Saputra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Christopher J Nalbandian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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5
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Chaudhary B, Kulkarni N, Saiyed N, Chaurasia M, Desai S, Potkule S, Sharma S. β
‐Trifluoromethyl
α
,
β
‐unsaturated Ketones: Efficient Building Blocks for Diverse Trifluoromethylated Molecules. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharatkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Nehanaz Saiyed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Meenakshi Chaurasia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Surbhi Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Sagar Potkule
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad (NIPER−A) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 INDIA
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6
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Cooper M, Llinas A, Hansen P, Caffrey M, Ray A, Sjödin S, Shamovsky I, Wada H, Jellesmark Jensen T, Sivars U, Hultin L, Andersson U, Lundqvist S, Gedda K, Jinton L, Krutrök N, Lewis R, Jansson P, Gardelli C. Identification and Optimization of Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Highly Potent Ghrelin Receptor Full Agonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9705-9730. [PMID: 32787075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and cachexia are common comorbidities among patients suffering from cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and several other chronic diseases. The peptide hormone ghrelin exerts pleiotropic effects including the stimulation of growth hormone secretion and subsequent increase of insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, an important mediator of muscle growth and repair. Ghrelin also acts on inflammation, appetite, and adipogenesis and therefore has been considered a promising therapeutic target for catabolic conditions. We previously reported on the synthesis and properties of an indane based series of ghrelin receptor full agonists which led to a sustained increase of insulin-like growth factor-1 in a dog pharmacodynamic study. Herein we report on the identification of a series of pyrrolidine or piperidine based full agonists and attempted optimization to give compounds with profiles suitable for progression as clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stina Sjödin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tina Jellesmark Jensen
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | | | - Leif Hultin
- In Vivo Imaging Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Sara Lundqvist
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Karin Gedda
- Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
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8
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Chaudhary B, Kulkarni N, Sharma S. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylindanones from N-methoxybenzamides via C–H activation and Claisen/retro-Claisen reaction. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylindanones via C–H annulation of N-methoxybenzamides with β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones under Rh(iii)-catalysis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharatkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A)
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A)
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A)
- Gandhinagar
- India
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9
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Silva AL, Gama PM, Ribeiro da Silva MD. Influence of the functional groups −NH2, −OCH3, and −OH on the thermochemistry of indanes. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work is a contribution to the thermochemical characterization of bicyclic hydrocarbons, reporting the study of six indane derivatives: 4-aminoindane, 5-aminoindane, 5-methoxyindane, 1-indanol, 2-indanol, and 5-indanol. The combustion calorimetry technique was used to measure the massic energy of combustion of each compound in the condensed state, which has been used to derive the corresponding standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation, at 298.15 K. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation or vaporization of the compounds were determined by high-temperature Calvet microcalorimetry. For each indane derivative, the results obtained for those two properties, allowed to derive the respective value of standard molar enthalpy of formation, in the gaseous phase. Additionally, a theoretical study at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP level has been carried out, and the calculated enthalpies of formation have been compared with the experimental values. The values of the enthalpy of formation, in the gaseous phase, were analysed in terms of correlations between the structural (different substituents in the indane core) and energetics characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L.R. Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
| | - Paula M.V. Gama
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
| | - Maria D.M.C. Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto P-4169-007, Portugal
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10
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Shiomi Y, Yoshimura M, Hori Y, Ohira Y, Nagahama K, Ozaki T, Takei M, Tanaka T, Uno T. Z-505, an Oral Ghrelin Receptor Agonist, Attenuates Anorexia After Total Gastrectomy in Rats. J Surg Res 2019; 246:527-534. [PMID: 31668932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia is a serious problem in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone primarily secreted from the stomach, has been proposed to prevent anorexia. Significant reduction in plasma ghrelin levels after gastrectomy may contribute to lack of appetite and weight loss. In this study, we investigated the effects of Z-505, a ghrelin receptor agonist, on anorexia after total gastrectomy (TG) in a rat model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a TG model, and then sham-operated (control) and TG rats were randomly assigned to four subgroups receiving administration of Z-505 (100 mg/kg, p.o., once daily) or vehicle for 14 d from day 14 to day 27 after TG. The food intake, body weight, and fat weight were evaluated during the test period. Moreover, the neuronal activity in the hypothalamus was evaluated on day 21 to investigate the mechanism of action of Z-505. RESULTS In TG rats, Z-505 significantly improved the decrease in cumulative food intake induced by the surgery over 14 d (TG + vehicle; 213.8 ± 15.3 g, n = 12 versus TG + Z-505; 258.2 ± 13.1 g, n = 14, P < 0.05). Z-505 also significantly increased fat weight and had a milder effect on body weight over 14 d. In addition, Z-505 significantly increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (TG + vehicle; 17.8 ± 2.0, n = 12 versus TG + Z-505; 72.2 ± 11.8, n = 12, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Z-505 may be a useful therapeutic treatment for anorexia after TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shiomi
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan; Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yoshimura
- Legal Affairs, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hori
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohira
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagahama
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ozaki
- Clinical Administration, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Takei
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Tanaka
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohide Uno
- Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Hyogo, Japan
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Feng ZN, Luo JY, Zhang Y, Du GF, He L. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of sulfenylated indanes via sulfa-Michael-Michael (aldol) cascade reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4700-4704. [PMID: 31020285 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of multisubstituted sulfenylated indanes has been developed. In the presence of 1 mol% NHC, various thiols underwent the sulfa-Michael-Michael cascade reaction with benzenedi(enones) efficiently to form the carbon-sulfur bond and construct sulfenylated indanes in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity. In addition, the NHC-catalyzed sulfa-Michael-aldol cascade reaction between o-formyl chalcone and thiols has also been demonstrated to afford sulfenylated indanes with a free hydroxyl group in moderate yields and good diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Nan Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chaudhary B, Auti P, Shinde SD, Yakkala PA, Giri D, Sharma S. Rh(III)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation via C–H Activation: Direct Access to Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Indenamines and Aminoindanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2763-2767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharatkumar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Prashant Auti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Suchita Dattatray Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Prasanna Anjaneyulu Yakkala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Deepesh Giri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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