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Yamashiro T, Abe T. Switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoarylacetic acids using Grignard reagents and 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6615-6618. [PMID: 38847113 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The switchable synthesis of 3-aminoindolines and 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids from the same substrates, 3-azido-2-hydroxyindolines, was developed through denitrogenative electrophilic amination of Grignard reagents. The key to success is the serendipitous discovery that the reaction conditions, including solvents and reaction temperature, can affect the chemoselectivity. It is noteworthy that isotope-labeling experiments revealed the occurrence of the aziridine intermediate in the production of 2'-aminoaryl acetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
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2
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Cai N, Gao X, Yang L, Li W, Sun W, Zhang S, Zhao J, Qu J, Zhou Y. Discovery of novel NSAID hybrids as cPLA 2/COX-2 dual inhibitors alleviating rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116176. [PMID: 38286094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A series of NSAIDs hybrid molecules were synthesized and characterized, and their ability to inhibit NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. Most of the compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, of which (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-2,6,9,12,15-pentaen-2-yl 2-(4-benzoylphenyl) propanoate (VI-60) was the most optimal (IC50 = 3.85 ± 0.25 μΜ) and had no cytotoxicity. In addition, VI-60 notably reduced the production of PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to ketoprofen. Futhur more, VI-60 significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS, cPLA2, and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The binding of VI-60 to cPLA2 and COX-2 was directly verified by the CETSA technique. In vivo studies illustrated that VI-60 exerted an excellent therapeutic effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by regulating the balance between Th17 and Treg through inhibiting the p38 MAPK/cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Encouragingly, VI-60 showed a lower ulcerative potential in rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg compared to ketoprofen. In conclusion, the hybrid molecules of NSAIDs and trifluoromethyl enols are promising candidates worthy of further investigation for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and other symptoms in which cPLA2 and COX-2 play a role in their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Wuding Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Shuaibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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3
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Cuesta-López L, Escudero-Contreras A, Hanaee Y, Pérez-Sánchez C, Ruiz-Ponce M, Martínez-Moreno JM, Pérez-Pampin E, González A, Plasencia-Rodriguez C, Martínez-Feito A, Balsa A, López-Medina C, Ladehesa-Pineda L, Rojas-Giménez M, Ortega-Castro R, Calvo-Gutiérrez J, López-Pedrera C, Collantes-Estévez E, Arias-de la Rosa I, Barbarroja N. Exploring candidate biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis through cardiovascular and cardiometabolic serum proteome profiling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333995. [PMID: 38420123 PMCID: PMC10900234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction RA patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, influenced by therapies. Studying their cardiovascular and cardiometabolic proteome can unveil biomarkers and insights into related biological pathways. Methods This study included two cohorts of RA patients: newly diagnosed individuals (n=25) and those with established RA (disease duration >25 years, n=25). Both cohorts were age and sex-matched with a control group (n=25). Additionally, a longitudinal investigation was conducted on a cohort of 25 RA patients treated with methotrexate and another cohort of 25 RA patients treated with tofacitinib for 6 months. Clinical and analytical variables were recorded, and serum profiling of 184 proteins was performed using the Olink technology platform. Results RA patients exhibited elevated levels of 75 proteins that might be associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, 24 proteins were increased in RA patients with established disease. Twenty proteins were commonly altered in both cohorts of RA patients. Among these, elevated levels of CTSL1, SORT1, SAA4, TNFRSF10A, ST6GAL1 and CCL18 discriminated RA patients and HDs with high specificity and sensitivity. Methotrexate treatment significantly reduced the levels of 13 proteins, while tofacitinib therapy modulated the expression of 10 proteins. These reductions were associated with a decrease in DAS28. Baseline levels of SAA4 and high levels of BNP were associated to the non-response to methotrexate. Changes in IL6 levels were specifically linked to the response to methotrexate. Regarding tofacitinib, differences in baseline levels of LOX1 and CNDP1 were noted between non-responder and responder RA patients. In addition, response to tofacitinib correlated with changes in SAA4 and TIMD4 levels. Conclusion In summary, this study pinpoints molecular changes linked to cardiovascular disease in RA and proposes candidate protein biomarkers for distinguishing RA patients from healthy individuals. It also highlights how methotrexate and tofacitinib impact these proteins, with distinct alterations corresponding to each drug's response, identifying potential candidates, as SAA4, for the response to these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cuesta-López
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yas Hanaee
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Scientific department, Cobiomic Bioscience S.L, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Scientific department, Cobiomic Bioscience S.L, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Ruiz-Ponce
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Eva Pérez-Pampin
- Experimental and Observational Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio González
- Experimental and Observational Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Chamaida Plasencia-Rodriguez
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Feito
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Balsa
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clementina López-Medina
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ladehesa-Pineda
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Rojas-Giménez
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jerusalem Calvo-Gutiérrez
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chary López-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Collantes-Estévez
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Iván Arias-de la Rosa
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Service, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Scientific department, Cobiomic Bioscience S.L, Cordoba, Spain
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4
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Astrain-Redin N, Paoletti N, Plano D, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Angeli A, Sanmartin C, Supuran CT. Selenium-analogs based on natural sources as cancer-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2191165. [PMID: 36938694 PMCID: PMC10035951 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2191165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the relentless search for new cancer treatments, organoselenium compounds, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have emerged as promising drug candidates. CA isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in many types of cancer, and their inhibition is associated with potent antitumor/antimetastatic effects. Selenium-containing compounds, particularly selenols, have been shown to inhibit tumour-associated CA isoforms in the nanomolar range since the properties of the selenium atom favour binding to the active site of the enzyme. In this work, two series of selenoesters (1a-19a and 1b-19b), which gathered NSAIDs, carbo/heterocycles, and fragments from natural products, were evaluated against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. Indomethacin (17b) and flufenamic acid (19b) analogs exhibited selectivity for tumour-associated isoform IX in the low micromolar range. In summary, selenoesters that combine NSAIDs with fragments derived from natural sources have been developed as promising nonclassical inhibitors of the tumour-associated CA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Astrain-Redin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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5
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Türkeş C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by antiviral drugs in vitro and in silico. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3063. [PMID: 37807620 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibition is a commonly utilized method for controlling enzymatic activity in various physiologically relevant biological systems. Herein, the selected five active antiviral drugs, abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, ribavirin, and ritonavir, were assayed as inhibitors of two human isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) involved in various physiological/pathological conditions. For this aim, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to gain insights into the plausible binding interactions and affinities for the antiviral drugs within hCA I and II isoforms' active sites. The hCA I, an isoform involved in some pathological conditions such as retinal or cerebral edema, was moderately inhibited by these five drugs at micromolar concentrations with KI s spanning from 0.49 ± 0.05 to 3.51 ± 0.37 μM compared with the reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ, KI of 0.19 ± 0.01 μM). Moreover, hCA II, a promising target for edema, glaucoma, epilepsy, and altitude sickness, was a reasonably inhibited isoform by these agents, with KI s in the range of 0.64 ± 0.08-5.80 ± 0.64 μM compared with AAZ (KI of 0.17 ± 0.01 μM). Both in vitro and in silico results demonstrated significant interactions between these five drugs and hCAs and that they can support therapeutic targets against the above-mentioned pathological conditions. Additionally, the results obtained will help optimize the clinical dosage regimens of these drugs and avoid drug-drug interactions unexpectedly when used in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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6
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Alrokayan S, Hussain T, Alamery S, Mohammed AA, Mahmood A, Ejaz SA, Langer P, Iqbal J. [1, 8]-Naphthyridine derivatives as dual inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase. BMC Chem 2023; 17:142. [PMID: 37880684 PMCID: PMC10599030 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
[1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives have been reported to possess important biological activities and may serve as attractive pharmacophores in the drug discovery process. [1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives (1a-1l) were evaluated for inhibitory potential for isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CAs have been reported to carry out reversible hydration of CO2 into HCO3-, secretion of electrolytes, acid-base regulation, bone resorption, calcification, and biosynthetic reactions. Whereas ALPs hydrolyze monophosphate esters with the release of inorganic phosphate and play an important role in bone mineralization. Both enzymes have been found to be over-expressed and raised functional activities in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery of dual inhibitors of these enzymes may provide a synergistic effect to cure bone disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Among the test compounds, the most potent inhibitors for CA-II, CA-IX, and CA-XII were 1e, 1g, and 1a with IC50 values of 0.44 ± 0.19, 0.11 ± 0.03 and 0.32 ± 0.07 µM, respectively. [1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives (1a-1l) were approximately 4 folds more potent than standard CA inhibitor acetazolamide. While in the case of ALPs, the most potent compounds for b-TNAP and c-IAP were 1b and 1e with IC50 values of 0.122 ± 0.06 and 0.107 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Thus, synthesized derivatives proved to be 100 to 800 times more potent as compared to standard inhibitors of b-TNAP and c-IAP (Levamisole and L-phenyl alanine, respectively). In addition, selectivity and dual inhibition of [1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives confer precedence over known inhibitors. Molecular docking and molecular simulation studies were also conducted in the present studies to define the type of interactions between potential inhibitors and enzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Alrokayan
- Research Chair for Biomedical Application of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Research Chair for Biomedical Application of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Ahmed Mohammed
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacv, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut Für Chemie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Liu X, Mao X, Liu Y, Chen W, Li W, Lin N, Zhang Y. Preclinical efficacy of TZG in myofascial pain syndrome by impairing PI3K-RAC2 signaling-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps. iScience 2023; 26:108074. [PMID: 37860777 PMCID: PMC10583084 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tianhe Zhuifeng Gao (TZG) shows a satisfying therapeutic efficacy in treating arthromyodynia, which shares similar etiology to myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). We herein aim to explore whether TZG could be a potential prescription for MPS therapy. An MPS rat model was successfully established presenting with reduced pain thresholds, abnormal local switch responses, etc., which was effectively reversed by TZG treatment externally. A transcriptome sequencing based on the active MTrPs samples of rats, combined with network analysis revealed that TZG might ameliorate the progression of MPS by impairing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release through inhibiting PI3K-RAC2 signaling to reduce NADPH oxidase-originated ROS. Experimentally, the expression levels of inducers, biomarkers of NETs formation and vessel injury, and p-PI3K, p-P47, and RAC2 proteins were all significantly up-regulated in affected tissues, which were markedly reversed by TZG. Our results not only shed light into broadening the clinical indications of TZG, but benefit MPS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Liu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xia Mao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and Literatures, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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8
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Ahmad S, Abdul Qadir M, Ahmed M, Imran M, Yousaf N, Wani TA, Zargar S, Ali I, Muddassar M. New Acetamide-Sulfonamide-Containing Scaffolds: Antiurease Activity Screening, Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics Mechanism, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5389. [PMID: 37513261 PMCID: PMC10386649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel scaffolds that can increase the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of medication therapy using drug conjugates is a promising strategy. As a result, drug conjugates are an active area of research and development in medicinal chemistry. This research demonstrates acetamide-sulfonamide scaffold preparation after conjugation of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen with sulfa drugs, and these scaffolds were then screened for urease inhibition. The newly designed conjugates were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and elemental analysis. Ibuprofen conjugated with sulfathiazole, flurbiprofen conjugated with sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole were found to be potent and demonstrated a competitive mode of urease inhibition, with IC50 (µM) values of 9.95 ± 0.14, 16.74 ± 0.23, and 13.39 ± 0.11, respectively, and urease inhibition of 90.6, 84.1, and 86.1% respectively. Ibuprofen conjugated with sulfanilamide, sulfamerazine, and sulfacetamide, whereas flurbiprofen conjugated with sulfamerazine, and sulfacetamide exhibited a mixed mode of urease inhibition. Moreover, through molecular docking experiments, the urease receptor-binding mechanisms of competitive inhibitors were anticipated, and stability analysis through MD simulations showed that these compounds made stable complexes with the respective targets and that no conformational changes occurred during the simulation. The findings demonstrate that conjugates of approved therapeutic molecules may result in the development of novel classes of pharmacological agents for the treatment of various pathological conditions involving the urease enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Numan Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 222452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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9
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Wang L, Li P, Zhou Y, Gu R, Lu G, Zhang C. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing the Inflammation Response via the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2271-2296. [PMID: 37265745 PMCID: PMC10231344 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s406298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Magnoflorine (Mag) has been reported to have anxiolytics, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Mag on the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the underlying mechanism using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage inflammation model. Methods The in vivo effects of Mag on CIA were studied by inducing CIA in a mouse model using DBA/1J mice followed by treatment with vehicle, methotrexate (MTX, 1 mg/kg/d), and Mag (5 mg/kg/d, 10 mg/kg/d, and 20 mg/kg/d), and the in vitro effects of Mag on macrophages were examined by stimulation of RAW264.7 cells line and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) by LPS in the presence of different concentrations of Mag. Network pharmacology and molecular docking was then performed to predict the the binding ability between Mag and its targets. Inflammatory mediators were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Signaling pathway changes were subsequently determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that Mag decreased arthritis severity scores, joints destruction, and macrophages infiltration into the synovial tissues of the CIA mice. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that Mag interacted with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Consistent with this, analysis of the serum, synovial tissue of the CIA mice, and the supernatant of the cultured RAW264.7 cells and PMs showed that Mag suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, and IFN-β. Furthermore, Mag attenuated the phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs in the synovial tissues of the CIA mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion Mag may exert anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Berrino E, Micheli L, Carradori S, di Cesare Mannelli L, Guglielmi P, De Luca A, Carta F, Ghelardini C, Secci D, Supuran CT. Novel Insights on CAI-CORM Hybrids: Evaluation of the CO Releasing Properties and Pain-Relieving Activity of Differently Substituted Coumarins for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1892-1908. [PMID: 36701258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pain control is among the most important healthcare services in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the current therapeutic options (i.e., disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) are limited by the risk of the side effects. In this context, we proposed an innovative approach based on the hybridization between carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and CO releasing molecules (CORMs). The resulting CAI-CORM hybrids were revealed to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro models of diseases and to relieve ache symptoms in an in vivo RA rat model. In this work, we have deepened the study of these promising hybrids, designing a library of coumarin-based compounds, also including internal dicobalt hexacarbonyl systems. The results obtained from the CO releasing study, the CA inhibitory activity, and the in vivo pain-relief efficacy evaluation in the RA rat model confirmed the success of this strategy, allowing us to consider CAI-CORM hybrids promising anti-nociceptive agents against arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy.,Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy
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11
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Angeli A, Petrou A, Kartsev V, Lichitsky B, Komogortsev A, Capasso C, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Synthesis, Biological and In Silico Studies of Griseofulvin and Usnic Acid Sulfonamide Derivatives as Fungal, Bacterial and Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032802. [PMID: 36769114 PMCID: PMC9917406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the essential reaction of CO2 hydration in all living organisms, being actively involved in the regulation of a plethora of patho-/physiological conditions. A series of griseofulvin and usnic acid sulfonamides were synthesized and tested as possible CA inhibitors. Since β- and γ- classes are expressed in microorganisms in addition to the α- class, showing substantial structural differences to the human isoforms they are also interesting as new antiinfective targets with a different mechanism of action for fighting the emerging problem of extensive drug resistance afflicting most countries worldwide. Griseofulvin and usnic acid sulfonamides were synthesized using methods of organic chemistry. Their inhibitory activity, assessed against the cytosolic human isoforms hCA I and hCA II, the transmembrane hCA IX as well as β- and γ-CAs from different bacterial and fungal strains, was evaluated by a stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. Several of the investigated derivatives showed interesting inhibition activity towards the cytosolic associate isoforms hCA I and hCA II, as well as the three γ-CAs and Malassezia globosa (MgCA) enzyme. Six compounds (1b-1d, 1h, 1i and 1j) were more potent than AAZ against hCA I while five (1d, 1h, 1i, 1j and 4a) showed better activity than AAZ against the hCA II isoform. Moreover, all compounds appeared to be very potent against MgCA with a Ki lower than that of the reference drug. Furthermore, computational procedures were used to investigate the binding mode of this class of compounds within the active site of human CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR (National Research Council), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Boris Lichitsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Komogortsev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR (National Research Council), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (C.T.S.)
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12
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Chauhan LK, Chopra J, Vanangamudi M, Tripathi IP, Bhargava A, Goswami AK, Baroliya PK. Hydroxytriazenes incorporating sulphonamide derivatives: evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and computational study. Mol Divers 2023; 27:223-237. [PMID: 35414151 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The existent investigation deals with synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, and biological activities of some hydroxytriazene derivatives containing sulphonamide moiety. The compounds were screened for antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays with IC50 values ranging from 32.0 to 759.13 μg/mL and 157.77 to 340.47 μg/mL while standard drug acarbose showed IC50 values 12.21 and 69.74 μg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays with IC50 value ranging from 54.01 to 912.66 μg/mL and 33.22 to 128.11 μg/mL, and standard drug ascorbic acid showed IC50 values 29.12 μg/mL and 69.13 μg/mL, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method, where percentage inhibition was up to 93.0 and 98.57 for 2 h and 4 h, respectively, and all the compounds were found to exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, prediction of activity spectra for substance and molecular docking were also performed. The PASS prediction hypothesized the potential of the compounds for anti-inflammatory activity, and docking results suggested the best binding pose for compounds 1b and 2b with the least energy value from which compounds can be considered as potent COX-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, possible interactions between hydroxytriazene analogues and the targets of antioxidant NADPH oxidase and antidiabetic human maltase-glucoamylase enzyme have been identified. The HOMO and LUMO analysis revealed charge transfer within the compounds. These findings suggested that the synthesized compounds can be potential agents for the treatment of diabetes and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi K Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Jaishri Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupathi, India.,Amity Institute of Pharmacy (AIP), Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, India
| | - Indra P Tripathi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Gramoday Chitrakoot Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, India
| | - Amit Bhargava
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Studies, Bhupal Noble Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Ajay K Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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13
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Bao X, Wei J, Tao C, Bashir MA, Zhang HJ, Bao B, Chen J, Zhai H. Akuammiline alkaloid derivatives: divergent synthesis and effect on the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Front Chem 2023; 11:1179948. [PMID: 37188095 PMCID: PMC10176115 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1179948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, rheumatoid arthritis had become a serious problem, torturing millions of patients because of unclear pathogenesis and no ideal therapies. Natural products remain an important source of medicines to treat various major diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) given their excellent biocompatibility and structural diversity. Herein, we have developed a versatile synthetic method for constructing various skeletons of akuammiline alkaloid analogs based on our previous research on the total synthesis of the related indole alkaloids. We have also evaluated the effect of these analogs on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in vitro and analyzed the corresponding structure-activity relationship (SAR). Among these analogs, compounds 9 and 17c have demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RA-FLSs, with IC50 values of 3.22 ± 0.29 μM and 3.21 ± 0.31 μM, respectively. Our findings provide a solid foundation for future pharmacological studies on akuammiline alkaloid derivatives and inspiration for the development of anti-RA small molecule drugs derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Bao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bashir
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bian Bao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Hongbin Zhai,
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Hongbin Zhai,
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14
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Bonardi A, Micheli L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Gratteri P, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Development of Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Carbonic Anhydrases IX- and XII-Selective Inhibitors with Enhanced Antihyperalgesic Action in a Rat Model of Arthritis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13143-13157. [PMID: 36121705 PMCID: PMC9574929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An effective therapeutic approach based on the anti-inflammatory
action of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inhibition of carbonic
anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII is proposed here for the management of
arthritis. H2S is a human gasotransmitter that modulates
inflammatory response at low concentrations. Inhibition of CAs IX
and XII can repristinate normal pH in the acidic inflamed synovial
fluid, alleviating arthritis symptoms. We report here the design of
H2S donor—CA inhibitor (CAI) hybrid derivatives.
The latter were tested in vitro as inhibitors of human CAs I, II,
IV, IX, and XII, showing a markedly increased inhibition potency/isoform
selectivity compared to the CAI synthetic precursors. The best compounds
demonstrated the ability to consistently release H2S and
produce a potent pain-relieving effect in a rat model of arthritis.
Compound 26 completely reverted the pain state 45 min
after administration with enhanced antihyperalgesic effect in vivo
compared to the single H2S donor, CAI fragment, or their
co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA─Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department NEUROFARBA─Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA─Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department NEUROFARBA─Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, Firenze, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA─Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA─Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA─Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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15
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Angeli A, Kartsev V, Petrou A, Lichitsky B, Komogortsev A, Pinteala M, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Sulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:316. [PMID: 35337114 PMCID: PMC8955975 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the essential reaction of CO2 hydration in all living organisms, being actively involved in the regulation of a plethora of patho-/physiological conditions. A series of chromene-based sulfonamides were synthesized and tested as possible CA inhibitors. On the other hand, in microorganisms, the β- and γ- classes are expressed in addition to the α- class, showing substantial structural differences to the human isoforms. In this scenario, not only human but also bacterial CAs are of particular interest as new antibacterial agents with an alternative mechanism of action for fighting the emerging problem of extensive drug resistance afflicting most countries worldwide. Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine sulfonamides were synthesized using methods of organic chemistry. Their inhibitory activity, assessed against the cytosolic human isoforms hCA I and hCA II, the transmembrane hCA IX and XII, and β- and γ-CAs from three different bacterial strains, was evaluated by a stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. Several of the investigated derivatives showed interesting inhibition activity towards the cytosolic associate isoforms hCA I and hCA II, as well as the 3β- and 3γ-CAs. Furthermore, computational procedures were used to investigate the binding mode of this class of compounds within the active site of hCA IX. Four compounds (1f, 1g, 1h and 1k) were more potent than AAZ against hCA I. Furthermore, compound 1f also showed better activity than AAZ against the hCA II isoform. Moreover, ten compounds out of eleven appeared to be very potent against the γ-CA from E.coli, with a Ki much lower than that of the reference drug. Most of the compounds showed better activity than AAZ against hCA I as well as the γ-CA from E.coli and the β-CA from Burkholderia pseudomallei (BpsCAβ). Compounds 1f and 1k showed a good selectivity index against hCA I and hCA XII, while 1b was selective against all 3β-CA isoforms from E.coli, BpsCA, and VhCA and all 3γ-CA isoforms from E.coli, BpsCA and PgiCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, NeuroFarba Department, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Boris Lichitsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Komogortsev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, NeuroFarba Department, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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16
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Zhou S, Huang G. Some important inhibitors and mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:930-943. [PMID: 34942050 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that seriously affects human health and quality of life, and it is one of the main causes of labor loss and disability. Many countries have listed rheumatoid arthritis as one of the national a key diseases to tackle. The pathogenesis of RA in humans is still unknown, and medical researchers believe that the pathogenesis of RA may be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. RA is an incurable condition that can only be controlled and treated with conventional drugs. In this paper, the pathologic features and pathogenesis of RA were introduced, and the research progress of new anti-rheumatoid arthritis chemical drugs in recent years was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, 401228, China.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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17
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Sbravati D, Bonardi A, Bua S, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Nocentini A, Casnati A, Gratteri P, Sansone F, Supuran CT. Calixarenes Incorporating Sulfonamide Moieties: Versatile Ligands for Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibition. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103527. [PMID: 34882858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) continue to represent a relevant pharmaceutical target. The need of selective inhibitors and the involvement of these metalloenzymes in many multifaceted diseases boost the search for new ligands able to distinguish among the different CA isoforms, and for multifunctional systems simultaneously able to inhibit CAs and to interfere with other pathological events by interacting with additional targets. In this work, we successfully explored the possibility of preparing new CAs ligands by combining calixarenes with benzensulfonamide units. Inhibition tests towards three human CA isoforms evidenced, for some of the ligands, Ki values in the nanomolar range and promising selectivity. X-ray and molecular modeling studies provided information on the mode of binding of these calixarene derivatives. Thanks to the encouraging results and the structural features typical of the calixarene scaffold, it is then possible to plan for the future the design of multifunctional inhibitors for this class of widely spread enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sbravati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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18
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Angeli A, Kartsev V, Petrou A, Pinteala M, Brovarets V, Vydzhak R, Panchishin S, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition with Sulfonamides Incorporating Pyrazole- and Pyridazinecarboxamide Moieties Provides Examples of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:7023. [PMID: 34834114 PMCID: PMC8625619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of benzenesulfonamides incorporating pyrazole- and pyridazinecarboxamides decorated with several bulky moieties has been obtained by original procedures. The new derivatives were investigated for the inhibition of four physiologically crucial human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.2.1.1) isoforms, hCA I and II (cytosolic enzymes) as well as hCA IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated isoforms). Examples of isoform-selective inhibitors were obtained for all four enzymes investigated here, and a computational approach was employed for explaining the observed selectivity, which may be useful in drug design approaches for obtaining inhibitors with pharmacological applications useful as antiglaucoma, diuretic, antitumor or anti-cerebral ischemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Victor Kartsev
- InterBioScreen, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Volodymyr Brovarets
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Roman Vydzhak
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Svitlana Panchishin
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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19
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Supuran CT. Multitargeting approaches involving carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: hybrid drugs against a variety of disorders. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1702-1714. [PMID: 34325588 PMCID: PMC8330743 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1945049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are enzymes involved in a multitude of diseases, and their inhibitors are in clinical use as drugs for the management of glaucoma, epilepsy, obesity, and tumours. In the last decade, multitargeting approaches have been proposed by hybridisation of CA inhibitors (CAIs) of sulphonamide, coumarin, and sulphocoumarin types with NO donors, CO donors, prostaglandin analogs, β-adrenergic blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and a variety of anticancer agents (cytotoxic drugs, kinase/telomerase inhibitors, P-gp and thioredoxin inhibitors). Many of the obtained hybrids showed enhanced efficacy compared to the parent drugs, making multitargeting an effective and innovative approach for various pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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20
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Cuesta SA, Meneses L. The Role of Organic Small Molecules in Pain Management. Molecules 2021; 26:4029. [PMID: 34279369 PMCID: PMC8271912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, a timeline starting at the willow bark and ending in the latest discoveries of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs will be discussed. Furthermore, the chemical features of the different small organic molecules that have been used in pain management will be studied. Then, the mechanism of different types of pain will be assessed, including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and the relationship found between oxidative stress and pain. This will include obtaining insights into the cyclooxygenase action mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen and etoricoxib and the structural difference between the two cyclooxygenase isoforms leading to a selective inhibition, the action mechanism of pregabalin and its use in chronic neuropathic pain, new theories and studies on the analgesic action mechanism of paracetamol and how changes in its structure can lead to better characteristics of this drug, and cannabinoid action mechanism in managing pain through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism. Finally, an overview of the different approaches science is taking to develop more efficient molecules for pain treatment will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Meneses
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 Apartado, Quito 17-01-2184, Ecuador;
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21
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Zhang ZP, Zhong Y, Han ZB, Zhou L, Su HS, Wang J, Liu Y, Cheng MS. Synthesis, Molecular Docking Analysis and Biological Evaluations of Saccharide-Modified Thiadiazole Sulfonamide Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115482. [PMID: 34067452 PMCID: PMC8196973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives has been designed and synthesized by the “tail approach” and evaluated for inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII. Most of the compounds showed high topological polar surface area (TPSA) values and excellent enzyme inhibitory activity. The impacts of some compounds on the viability of HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and MG-63 human cancer cell lines were examined under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and they showed certain inhibitory effects on cell viability. Moreover, it was found that the series of compounds had the ability to raise the pH of the tumor cell microenvironment. All the results proved that saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamides have important research prospects for the development of CA IX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.-S.C.)
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22
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Emerging role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1233-1249. [PMID: 34013961 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the prototypical CA inhibitor (CAI). The discovery and characterization of multiple human CA (hCA) isoforms, 15 of which being known today, led to new applications of their inhibitors. They include widely clinically used antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity agents, antitumor drugs in clinical development, as well as drugs for the management of acute mountain sickness and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Emerging roles of several CA isoforms in areas not generally connected to these enzymes were recently documented, such as in neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Proof-of-concept studies thus emerged by using isoform-selective inhibitors, which may lead to new clinical applications in such areas. Relevant preclinical models are available for these pathologies due to the availability of isoform-selective CAIs for all human isoforms, belonging to novel classes of compounds, such as coumarins, sulfocoumarins, dithiocarbamates, benzoxaboroles, apart the classical sulfonamide inhibitors. The inhibition of CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans or nematodes started recently to be considered for obtaining anti-infectives with a new mechanism of action.
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23
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Galisteo A, Jannus F, García-García A, Aheget H, Rojas S, Lupiañez JA, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Quílez del Moral JF. Diclofenac N-Derivatives as Therapeutic Agents with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105067. [PMID: 34064702 PMCID: PMC8151993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of diclofenac N-derivatives (2, 4, 6, 8c, 9c, 10a-c) were synthesized in order to test their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The anticarcinogen activity has been assayed against three cancer cell lines: HT29, human colon cancer cells; Hep-G2, human hepatic cells; and B16-F10, murine melanoma cells. First, we determined the cytotoxicity of the different compounds, finding that the most effective compound was compound 8c against all cell lines and both compounds 4 and 6 in human Hep-G2 and HT29 cell lines. Compounds 4 and 8c were selected for the percentage of apoptosis determination, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial membrane potential measure because these products presented the lowest IC50 values in two of the three cancer cell lines assayed (B16-F10 and HepG2), and were two of the three products with lowest IC50 in HT29 cell line. Moreover, the percentages of apoptosis induction were determined for compounds 4 and 8c, showing that the highest values were between 30 to 60%. Next, the effects of these two compounds were observed on the cellular cycle, resulting in an increase in the cell population in G2/M cell cycle phase after treatment with product 8c, whereas compound 4 increased the cells in phase G0/G1, by possible differentiation process induction. Finally, to determine the possible apoptosis mechanism triggered by these compounds, mitochondrial potential was evaluated, indicating the possible activation of extrinsic apoptotic mechanism. On the other hand, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of these diclofenac (DCF) derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages-monocytes murine cells by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. As a first step, we determined the cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds, as well as DCF, against these cells. Then, sub-cytotoxic concentrations were used to determine NO release at different incubation times. The greatest anti-inflammatory effect was observed for products 2, 4, 8c, 10a, 10b, and 9c at 20 µg·mL-1 concentration after 48 h of treatment, with inhibition of produced NO between 60 to 75%, and a concentration that reduces to the 50% the production of NO (IC50 NO) between 2.5 to 25 times lower than that of DCF. In this work, we synthesized and determined for the first time the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potential of eight diclofenac N-derivatives. In agreement with the recent evidences suggesting that inflammation may contribute to all states of tumorigenesis, the development of these new derivatives capable of inducing apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects at very low concentrations represent new effective therapeutic strategies against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galisteo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fatin Jannus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Amalia García-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (S.R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Houssam Aheget
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, GENYO, C/Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Sara Rojas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (S.R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - José A. Lupiañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (S.R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.F.Q.d.M.); Tel.: +34-958243252 (F.J.R.-Z.); +34-958243185 (J.F.Q.d.M.)
| | - José F. Quílez del Moral
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.-Z.); (J.F.Q.d.M.); Tel.: +34-958243252 (F.J.R.-Z.); +34-958243185 (J.F.Q.d.M.)
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24
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Obeng S, Hiranita T, León F, McMahon LR, McCurdy CR. Novel Approaches, Drug Candidates, and Targets in Pain Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6523-6548. [PMID: 33956427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the problems associated with opioids, drug discovery efforts have been employed to develop opioids with reduced side effects using approaches such as biased opioid agonism, multifunctional opioids, and allosteric modulation of opioid receptors. Receptor targets such as adrenergic, cannabinoid, P2X3 and P2X7, NMDA, serotonin, and sigma, as well as ion channels like the voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 have been targeted to develop novel analgesics. Several enzymes, such as soluble epoxide hydrolase, sepiapterin reductase, and MAGL/FAAH, have also been targeted to develop novel analgesics. In this review, old and recent targets involved in pain signaling and compounds acting at these targets are summarized. In addition, strategies employed to reduce side effects, increase potency, and efficacy of opioids are also elaborated. This review should aid in propelling drug discovery efforts to discover novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Department Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Department Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, United States
| | - Lance R McMahon
- Department Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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25
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Aspatwar A, Berrino E, Bua S, Carta F, Capasso C, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Toxicity evaluation of sulfamides and coumarins that efficiently inhibit human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1765-1772. [PMID: 32942905 PMCID: PMC7534274 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1822829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a toxicity study, conducted on zebrafish larvae, of a series of coumarin and sulfamide compounds that were previously reported as inhibitors of human (h) metalloenzymes, carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). Due to the high relevance of hCA inhibitors as theragnostic agents, it is of pivotal importance to address safety issues that may arise from the initial in vivo toxicological assessment using zebrafish, a relevant model for biomedical research. None of the reported compounds showed adverse phenotypic effects or tissue damage on developing zebrafish larvae after 5 days of exposure. Our study suggests that the coumarin and sulfamide derivatives considered here are safe and suitable for further development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd., Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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26
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Salerno S, Amendola G, Angeli A, Baglini E, Barresi E, Marini AM, Ravichandran R, Viviano M, Castellano S, Novellino E, Da Settimo F, Supuran CT, Cosconati S, Taliani S. Inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IV and IX with N-arylsubstituted secondary sulfonamides featuring a bicyclic tetrahydroindazole scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113490. [PMID: 33975138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are pharmaceutically relevant targets for the treatment of several disease conditions. The ubiquitous localization of these enzymes and the high homology shared by the different isoforms represent substantial impediments for the discovery of potential drugs devoid of off-target side effects. As a consequence, substantial efforts are still needed to allow for the full realization of the pharmacological potential of CA modulators. In this contribution, starting from our previous studies, we describe the synthesis of a set of new bicyclic tetrahydroindazoles featuring a secondary sulfonamide. Biological evaluation of the inhibitory activity against the hCA I, II, IV, and IX isoforms allowed drawing a structure-activity relationship profile that was rationalized through theoretical studies. This allowed dissecting the new molecules into the single portions influencing the zinc chelation properties and the selectivity profile thereby offering a new platform for the discovery of new isotype selective CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
Coumarins constitute a relatively new class of inhibitors of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), possessing a unique inhibition mechanism, acting as "prodrug inhibitors." They undergo the hydrolysis of the lactone ring mediated by the esterase activity of CA. The formed 2-hydroxy-cinnamic acids thereafter bind within a very particular part of the enzyme active site, at its entrance, where a high variability of amino acid residues among the different mammalian CA isoforms is present, and where other inhibitors classes were not seen bound earlier. This explains why coumarins are among the most isoform-selective CA inhibitors known to date among the many chemotypes endowed with such biological activity. As coumarins are widespread secondary metabolites in some bacteria, plants, fungi, and ascidians, many such compounds from various natural sources have been investigated for their CA inhibitory properties and for possible biomedical applications, mainly as anticancer agents targeting hypoxic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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28
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Brichet J, Arancibia R, Berrino E, Supuran CT. Bioorganometallic derivatives of 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:622-628. [PMID: 32037900 PMCID: PMC7034112 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1724995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bio-organometallic-hydrazones of the general formula [{(η5-C5H4)-C(R)=N-N(H)-C6H4-4-SO2NH2}]MLn(MLn = Re(CO)3, Mn(CO)3, FeCp; R=H, CH3) were prepared by reaction of formyl/acetyl organometallic precursors with 4-hydrazino-benzenesulphonamide. All compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques (infra-red, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis). Biological evaluation as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors agents was carried out using four human/h) isoforms, hCA I, II, IX and XII. The cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II were effectively inhibited by almost all derivatives with inhibition constants of 1.7-22.4 nM. Similar effects were observed for the tumour-associated transmembrane isoform hCA XII (KIs of 1.9-24.4 nM). hCA IX was less sensitive to inhibition with these compounds. The presence of bio-organometallic or metallo-carbonyl moieties in the molecules of these CAIs makes them amenable for interesting pharmacologic applications, for example for compounds with CO donating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Brichet
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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29
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Lucarini L, Durante M, Sgambellone S, Lanzi C, Bigagli E, Akgul O, Masini E, Supuran CT, Carta F. Effects of New NSAID-CAI Hybrid Compounds in Inflammation and Lung Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091307. [PMID: 32927723 PMCID: PMC7564963 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with progressive worsening of dyspnea, characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of lung parenchyma. Carbonic anhydrases are a family of zinc-metallo-enzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon-dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animals with permanent-middle-cerebral artery occlusion, arthritis and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological profile of a new class of hybrid compounds constituted by a CAI connected to a Nonsteroidal-Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) was studied in the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro tests were performed to assess their effects on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX)-1 and COX-2, namely inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in the human-platelet-rich plasma, and reduction of Prostaglandin-E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated-RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. The activity of compound 3, one of the most active, was studied in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. The hybrid compounds showed a higher potency in inhibiting PGE2 production, but not in modifying the platelet aggregation and the TXB2 production in comparison to the reference molecules, indicating an increased activity in COX-2 inhibition. In the in-vivo murine model, the compound 3 was more effective in decreasing inflammation, lung stiffness and oxidative stress in comparison to the reference drugs given alone or in association. In conclusion, these CAI-NSAID hybrid compounds are promising new anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of lung chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758299
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Ozlem Akgul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ege University Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical Science Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical Science Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (F.C.)
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Mishra CB, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Progress in the development of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their pharmacological applications: Where are we today? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2485-2565. [PMID: 32691504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+ ions and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. CAs are well-studied drug target for various disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, sleep apnea, and high altitude sickness. In the past decades, a large category of diverse families of CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been developed and many of them showed effective inhibition toward specific isoforms, and effectiveness in pathological conditions in preclinical and clinical settings. The discovery of isoform-selective CAIs in the last decade led to diminished side effects associated with off-target isoforms inhibition. The many new classes of such compounds will be discussed in the review, together with strategies for their development. Pharmacological advances of the newly emerged CAIs in diseases not usually associated with CA inhibition (neuropathic pain, arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer) will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra B Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Ali M, Bozdag M, Farooq U, Angeli A, Carta F, Berto P, Zanotti G, Supuran CT. Benzylaminoethyureido-Tailed Benzenesulfonamides: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic and X-ray Investigations on Human Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2560. [PMID: 32272689 PMCID: PMC7177897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A drug design strategy of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) belonging to sulfonamides incorporating ureidoethylaminobenzyl tails is presented. A variety of substitution patterns on the ring and the tails, located on para- or meta- positions with respect to the sulfonamide warheads were incorporated in the new compounds. Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX and XII, involving various pathologies, was assessed with the new compounds. Selective inhibitory profile towards hCA II was observed, the most active compounds being low nM inhibitors (KIs of 2.8-9.2 nM, respectively). Extensive X-ray crystallographic analysis of several sulfonamides in an adduct with hCA I allowed an in-depth understanding of their binding mode and to lay a detailed structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK 22060, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK 22060, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.A.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (C.T.S.)
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Supuran CT. Exploring the multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:671-686. [PMID: 32208982 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spacious active site cavity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) shows a great versatility for a variety of binding modes for modulators of activity, inhibitors, and activators, some of which are clinically used drugs. AREAS COVERED There are at least four well-documented CA inhibition mechanisms and the same number of binding modes for CA inhibitors (CAIs), one of which superposes with the binding of activators (CAAs). They include (i) coordination to the catalytic metal ion; (ii) anchoring to the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion; (iii) occlusion of the active site entrance; and (iv) binding outside the active site. A large number of chemical classes of CAIs show these binding modes explored in detail by kinetic, crystallographic, and other techniques. The tail approach was applied to all of them and allowed many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This is the subject of our review. EXPERT OPINION All active site regions of CAs accommodate inhibitors to bind, which is reflected in very different inhibition profiles for such compounds and the possibility to design drugs with effective action and new applications, such as for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Supuran CT. An update on drug interaction considerations in the therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:297-307. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1743679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Khan D, Qindeel M, Ahmed N, Khan AU, Khan S, Rehman AU. Development of novel pH-sensitive nanoparticle-based transdermal patch for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:603-624. [PMID: 32098563 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate and evaluate a pH-responsive nanoparticle (NP)-based patch for efficient transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen against rheumatoid arthritis. Materials & methods: Nanoprecipitation technique was used for preparation of NPs and central composite design was employed for optimization purposes. Optimized NPs were loaded into the transdermal patch by the solvent evaporation method. Results: Prepared NPs exhibited an average size of 69 nm, while NPs loaded onto the transdermal patch showed sustained release and high permeation through the skin. In in vivo studies, the prepared carrier system elucidated high therapeutic potential in both acute and chronic inflammatory models as evident from the results of behavioral, radiological, histopathological and antioxidant analyses. Conclusion: The flurbiprofen-loaded pH-sensitive NP-based transdermal patch has the potential to manage rheumatoid arthritis effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dildar Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf U Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Pustenko A, Nocentini A, Balašova A, Krasavin M, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. 7-Acylamino-3H-1,2-benzoxathiepine 2,2-dioxides as new isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:650-656. [PMID: 32079427 PMCID: PMC7048192 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1722658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3H-1,2-benzoxathiepine 2,2-dioxides incorporating 7-acylamino moieties were obtained by an original procedure starting from 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, which was treated with propenylsulfonyl chloride followed by Wittig reaction of the bis-olefin intermediate. The new derivatives, belonging to the homosulfocoumarin chemotype, were assayed as inhibitors of the zinc metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). Four pharmacologically relevant human (h) isoforms were investigated, the cytosolic hCA I and II and the transmembrane, tumour-associated hCA IX and XII. No relevant inhibition of hCA I and II was observed, whereas some of the new derivatives were effective, low nanomolar hCA IX/XII inhibitors, making them of interest for investigations in situations in which the activity of these isoforms is overexpressed, such as hypoxic tumours, arthritis or cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Pustenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Bua S, Lucarini L, Micheli L, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Selleri S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Masini E, Carta F, Gratteri P, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Bioisosteric Development of Multitarget Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibitor Hybrids for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2325-2342. [PMID: 31689108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis are reported. The evidence of the plasma stability of the amide-linked hybrids previously reported prompted us to investigate their pain-relieving mechanism of action. A bioisosteric amide to ester substitution yielded a series of derivatives showing potent target CAs inhibition and to undergo cleavage in rat or human plasma depending on the NSAID portion. A selection of derivatives were assayed in vitro to indirectly evaluate their effect on COX-1 and COX-2. MD simulations demonstrated that the entire hybrids are also able to efficiently bind the COX active site. In a rat model of RA, the most promising derivative (5c) showed major antihyperalgesic action compared with the equimolar coadministration of the single agents. The gathered data provided new insights on the action mechanism of these multitarget compounds, which induce markedly improved pain relief compared with the parent NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bua
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Selleri
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Mishra R, Rana S. A rational search for discovering potential neutraligands of human complement fragment 5a (hC5a). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Mustafa G, Angeli A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Akbar N, Ishtiaq S, Supuran CT. An efficient method for the synthesis of novel derivatives 4-{5-[4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazol-1-yl}-benzenesulfonamide and their anti-inflammatory potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103110. [PMID: 31310883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work describe the synthesis of a novel series of celecoxib derivatives (6a-m) and they were evaluated as Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors against the human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX which are involved in a variety of diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, epilepsy and tumors etc. These compounds showed interesting inhibitory activity for these isoforms, with several low nanomolar derivatives identified against all these enzymes. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated using Celecoxib as reference standard by paw Oedema model on albino Wistar. Most of the compounds showed higher in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity compared to Celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akbar
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off-Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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40
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Zhou S, Zou H, Chen G, Huang G. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Chemical Drugs for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Advances in the structural annotation of human carbonic anhydrases and impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1175-1197. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1651289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Berrino E, Milazzo L, Micheli L, Vullo D, Angeli A, Bozdag M, Nocentini A, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Supuran CT, Carta F. Synthesis and Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Carbon Monoxide Releasing Properties for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7233-7249. [PMID: 31287314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas endogenously produced in humans, reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects at low concentration. In this context, CO releasing molecules (CORMs) are attracting enormous interest. Herein, we report a series of small-molecule hybrids consisting of a carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitor linked to a CORM tail section (CAI-CORMs). All compounds were screened in vitro for their inhibition activity against the human (h) CA I, II, IV, IX, and XII isoforms. On selected CAI-CORM hybrids, the CO releasing properties were evaluated, along with their pain-relieving effect, in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. One CAI-CORM hybrid (5b) induced a higher pain-relieving effect compared to the one exerted by the single administration of CAI (5a) and CORM (15b) fragments, shedding light on the possibility to enhance the pain relief effect of CA inhibitors inserting a CO releasing moiety on the same molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Lisa Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 3-13 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section , University of Florence , Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 3-13 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Murat Bozdag
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Lorenzo di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section , University of Florence , Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section , University of Florence , Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Deptarment, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence , Italy
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Pain Relieving Effect of-NSAIDs-CAIs Hybrid Molecules: Systemic and Intra-Articular Treatments against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081923. [PMID: 31003542 PMCID: PMC6514875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To study new target-oriented molecules that are active against rheumatoid arthritis-dependent pain, new dual inhibitors incorporating both a carbonic anhydrase (CA)-binding moiety and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (NSAID) were tested in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by CFA intra-articular (i.a.) injection. A comparison between a repeated per os treatment and a single i.a. injection was performed. CFA (50 µL) was injected in the tibiotarsal joint, and the effect of per os repeated treatment (1 mg kg−1) or single i.a injection (1 mg mL−1, 50 µL) with NSAIDs-CAIs hybrid molecules, named 4 and 5, was evaluated. The molecules 4 and 5, which were administered daily for 14 days, significantly prevented CFA-induced hypersensitivity to mechanical noxious (Paw pressure test) and non-noxious stimuli (von Frey test), the postural unbalance related to spontaneous pain (Incapacitance test) and motor alterations (Beam balance test). Moreover, to study a possible localized activity, 4 and 5 were formulated in liposomes (lipo 4 and lipo 5, both 1 mg mL−1) and directly administered by a single i.a. injection seven days after CFA injection. Lipo 5 decreased the mechanical hypersensitivity to noxious and non-noxious stimuli and improved motor coordination. Oral and i.a. treatments did not rescue the joint, as shown by the histological analysis. This new class of potent molecules, which is able to inhibit at the same time CA and cyclooxygenase, shows high activity in a preclinical condition of rheumatoid arthritis, strongly suggesting a novel attractive pharmacodynamic profile.
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Sakr A, Kothayer H, Ibrahim SM, Baraka MM, Rezq S. 1,4-Dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl benzamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an improved gastric profile: Design, synthesis, COX-1/2 inhibitory activity and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as antitumor/antimetastatic agents: a patent review (2008-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:729-740. [PMID: 30074415 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1508453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) IX and XII are tumor-associated proteins, being part of the molecular machinery that tumor cells build as adaptive responses to hypoxia and acidic conditions characteristic of the 'glycolytic shift' of many tumors. A wealth of research depicts CA IX and CA XII as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various cancer types. AREAS COVERED The review presents an overview of the role of CA IX and CA XII in hypoxic tumors physio-pathology as well as the principal molecular, structural, and catalytic features of both isozymes. The review then covers the patent literature of medically relevant inhibitors of the tumor-associated CAs produced during the period 2008-2018. EXPERT OPINION A variety of approaches and design strategies were reported which afford CA IX/XII-specific inhibitors and avoid the compromising effects of isoforms-promiscuous compounds. Access to the crystal structures of human CAs isoforms have improved structure-based drug design campaigns related to zinc-binder chemotypes. Nevertheless, great potential still resides in non-classical CAIs that exhibit alternative binding mechanisms able to further distinguish the various active sites architecture. CA IX inhibitors hybrids/conjugates are increasingly emerging in the field as promising therapeutic tools to combine CA inhibition to the anticancer effects of other moieties or antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy
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