1
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Di Stefano M, Galati S, Piazza L, Gado F, Granchi C, Macchia M, Giordano A, Tuccinardi T, Poli G. Watermelon: setup and validation of an in silico fragment-based approach. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2356179. [PMID: 38864179 PMCID: PMC11232643 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2356179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a new computational approach, named Watermelon, designed for the development of pharmacophore models based on receptor structures. The methodology involves the sampling of potential hotspots for ligand interactions within a protein target's binding site, utilising molecular fragments as probes. By employing docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the most significant interactions formed by these probes within distinct regions of the binding site are identified. These interactions are subsequently transformed into pharmacophore features that delineates key anchoring sites for potential ligands. The reliability of the approach was experimentally validated using the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzyme. The generated pharmacophore model captured features representing ligand-MAGL interactions observed in various X-ray co-crystal structures and was employed to screen a database of commercially available compounds, in combination with consensus docking and MD simulations. The screening successfully identified two new MAGL inhibitors with micromolar potency, thus confirming the reliability of the Watermelon approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Piazza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Palazzolo S, Saorin G, Corona G, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T, Kamensek U, Brezar SK, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F. A carrier free delivery system of a MAGL inhibitor is effective on ovarian cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114397. [PMID: 38972466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a promising target for cancer therapy due to its involvement in lipid metabolism and its impact on cancer hallmarks like cell proliferation, migration, and tumor progression. A potent reversible MAGL inhibitor, MAGL23, has been recently developed by our group, demonstrating promising anticancer activities. To enhance its pharmacological properties, a nanoformulation using nanocrystals coated with albumin was prepared (MAGL23AF). In a previous work, the formulated inhibitor showed potency in ovarian and colon cancer cell lines in terms of IC50, and was tested on mice in order to assess its biocompatibility, organs biodistribution and toxicity. In the present work, we expanded the investigation to assess the potential in vivo application of MAGL23AF. Stability assays in serum and in human derived microsomes showed a good structural stability in physiological conditions of MAGL23AF. The antitumor efficacy tested on mice bearing ovarian cancer tumor xenografts demonstrated that MAGL23AF is more potent than the non-formulated drug, leading to necrosis-driven cancer cell death. In vivo studies revealed that albumin-complexed nanocrystals improved the therapeutic window of MAGL23, exhibiting a favorable biodistribution with slightly increased accumulation in the tumor. In conclusion, the MAGL23AF showed increased in vitro stability in conditions mirroring the bloodstream environment and hepatic metabolism coupled with an optimal antitumor efficacy in vivo. These results not only validates the efficacy of our formulation but also positions it as a promising strategy for addressing challenges related to the solubility of drugs in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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3
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Yu Q, Song C, Bi L, Zhao S, Lei Q, Yang N, Chen H, Wang Y, He Y, Deng H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthyl amide derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 111:117844. [PMID: 39106652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and has attracted great interest due to its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. In the past, a number of covalent irreversible inhibitors have been reported for MAGL, however, experimental evidence highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of these irreversible agents. Therefore, efforts were mainly focused on the development of reversible MAGL inhibitor in recent years. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of naphthyl amide derivatives (12-39) as another type of reversible MAGL inhibitors, exemplified by ± 34, which displayed good MAGL inhibition with a pIC50 of 7.1, and the potency and selectivity against endogenous MAGL were further demonstrated by competitive ABPP. Moreover, the compound showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against several cancer cells, including H460, HT29, CT-26, Huh7 and HCCLM-3. The investigations culminated in the discovery of the naphthyl amide derivative ± 34, and it may represent as a new scaffold for MAGL inhibitor development, particularly for the reversible ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyun Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Jiang M, Huizenga MCW, Mohr F, Amedi A, Bakker R, van den Berg RJBHN, Deng H, van der Wel T, van Boeckel CAA, van der Stelt M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Aryl Sulfoxides as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12331-12348. [PMID: 38988250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme for the hydrolysis of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The central role of MAGL in the metabolism of 2-AG makes it an attractive therapeutic target for a variety of disorders, including inflammation-induced tissue injury, pain, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Previously, we reported LEI-515, an aryl sulfoxide, as a peripherally restricted, covalent reversible MAGL inhibitor that reduced neuropathic pain and inflammation in preclinical models. Here, we describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of aryl sulfoxides as MAGL inhibitors that led to the identification of LEI-515. Optimization of the potency of high-throughput screening (HTS) hit 1 yielded compound ±43. However, ±43 was not metabolically stable due to its ester moiety. Replacing the ester group with α-CF2 ketone led to the identification of compound ±73 (LEI-515) as a metabolically stable MAGL inhibitor with subnanomolar potency. LEI-515 is a promising compound to harness the therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C W Huizenga
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Avand Amedi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Renze Bakker
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | | | - Hui Deng
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Constant A A van Boeckel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
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5
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Bononi G, Lonzi C, Tuccinardi T, Minutolo F, Granchi C. The Benzoylpiperidine Fragment as a Privileged Structure in Medicinal Chemistry: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:1930. [PMID: 38731421 PMCID: PMC11085656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenyl(piperidin-4-yl)methanone fragment (here referred to as the benzoylpiperidine fragment) is a privileged structure in the development of new drugs considering its presence in many bioactive small molecules with both therapeutic (such as anti-cancer, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-tubercular, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective agents) and diagnostic properties. The benzoylpiperidine fragment is metabolically stable, and it is also considered a potential bioisostere of the piperazine ring, thus making it a feasible and reliable chemical frame to be exploited in drug design. Herein, we discuss the main therapeutic and diagnostic agents presenting the benzoylpiperidine motif in their structure, covering articles reported in the literature since 2000. A specific section is focused on the synthetic strategies adopted to obtain this versatile chemical portion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (C.L.); (T.T.); (F.M.)
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6
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Hao Q, Shi J, Zhang Z, Yang G, Zhi Y, Wang K, Ma D, Fu S, Dong H, Zhi Z, Zhang W, Li T, Wang J. Discovery of a novel class of reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors for potential treatment of depression. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116285. [PMID: 38428273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Biological studies on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have suggested that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), an essential enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is a novel target for developing antidepressants. A decrease of 2-AG levels in the hippocampus of the brain has been observed in depressive-like models induced by chronic stress. Herein, employing a structure-based approach, we designed and synthesized a new class of (piperazine-1-carbonyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent, reversible and selective MAGL inhibitors. And detailed structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies were discussed. Compound 27 (IC50 = 10.3 nM) exhibited high bioavailability (92.7%) and 2-AG elevation effect in vivo. Additionally, compound 27 exerted rapid antidepressant effects caused by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and didn't show signs of addictive properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) assays. Our study is the first to report that reversible MAGL inhibitors can treat chronic stress-induced depression effectively, which may provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for the discovery of an original class of safe, rapid antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junwei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunbao Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dingchen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shengnan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhuoer Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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7
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Saorin A, Saorin G, Duzagac F, Parisse P, Cao N, Corona G, Cavarzerani E, Rizzolio F. Microfluidic production of amiodarone loaded nanoparticles and application in drug repositioning in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6280. [PMID: 38491077 PMCID: PMC10943008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone repositioning in cancer treatment is promising, however toxicity limits seem to arise, constraining its exploitability. Notably, amiodarone has been investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a tumour known for metastasizing within the peritoneal cavity. This is associated with an increase of fatty acid oxidation, which strongly depends on CPT1A, a transport protein which has been found overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Amiodarone is an inhibitor of CPT1A but its role still has to be explored. Therefore, in the present study, amiodarone was tested on ovarian cancer cell lines with a focus on lipid alteration, confirming its activity. Moreover, considering that drug delivery systems could lower drug side effects, microfluidics was employed for the development of drug delivery systems of amiodarone obtaining simultaneously liposomes with a high payload and amiodarone particles. Prior to amiodarone loading, microfluidics production was optimized in term of temperature and flow rate ratio. Moreover, stability over time of particles was evaluated. In vitro tests confirmed the efficacy of the drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park, s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ni Cao
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
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8
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Huang J, Li T, Lu X, Ma D. Copper-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Nitroalkanes with (Hetero)aryl Bromides/Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315994. [PMID: 38151905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Aryl substituted nitroalkanes are valuable synthetic building blocks that can be easily converted into α-aryl substituted aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, as well as amines. Herein, an efficient Cu/oxalamide-catalyzed coupling between nitroalkanes and (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I) was developed to direct access highly diverse α-aryl substituted nitroalkanes. Compared with the current state of art, this protocol is more environmentally friendly and practical for synthetic chemists. This approach is characterized by a broad substrate scope on both nitroalkane part (primary nitroalkanes and nitromethane) and sp2 halide part ((hetero)aryl bromides/iodides and alkenyl bromides/iodides). The excellent functional group tolerance was observed, which would enable real world synthetic applications. More importantly, TON of current transformation reached to 3640, when some aryl iodides were used as coupling partners. This represents currently the highest catalyst turnover for transition-metal catalyzed α-arylation of nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the successful application in late-stage modification of complex molecules and synthesis of a known retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist exemplified its synthetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Taian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaobiao Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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9
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Di Stefano M, Masoni S, Bononi G, Poli G, Galati S, Gado F, Manzi S, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Caligiuri I, Asif K, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Sodi A, Di Bussolo V, Minutolo F, Meier P, Gertsch J, Granchi C, Dreassi E, Tuccinardi T. Design, synthesis, ADME and biological evaluation of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine derivatives as novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115916. [PMID: 37976705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is mediated by the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), thus generating arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other pro-inflammatory mediators. MAGL also contributes to the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids in peripheral body districts, which may act as pro-tumorigenic signals. For this reason, MAGL inhibitors have been considered as interesting therapeutic agents for their anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. So far, only a limited series of reversible MAGL inhibitors, which are devoid of side effects shown by irreversible inhibitors in animal models, have been reported. Here we optimized a class of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine-based compounds for a reversible MAGL inhibition. The best MAGL inhibitors of this class, compounds 28 and 29, showed a very good inhibition potency, both on the isolated enzyme and in U937 cells, as confirmed by molecular modeling studies that predicted their binding mode into the MAGL active site. Both compounds are characterized by a high selectivity for MAGL versus other serine hydrolases including enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, as confirmed by ABPP experiments in mouse brain membranes. Moreover, very good properties concerning ADME parameters and low in vivo toxicity have been observed for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Masoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Manzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Jiang M, Huizenga MCW, Wirt JL, Paloczi J, Amedi A, van den Berg RJBHN, Benz J, Collin L, Deng H, Di X, Driever WF, Florea BI, Grether U, Janssen APA, Hankemeier T, Heitman LH, Lam TW, Mohr F, Pavlovic A, Ruf I, van den Hurk H, Stevens AF, van der Vliet D, van der Wel T, Wittwer MB, van Boeckel CAA, Pacher P, Hohmann AG, van der Stelt M. A monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor showing therapeutic efficacy in mice without central side effects or dependence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8039. [PMID: 38052772 PMCID: PMC10698032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) regulates endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and eicosanoid signalling. MAGL inhibition provides therapeutic opportunities but clinical potential is limited by central nervous system (CNS)-mediated side effects. Here, we report the discovery of LEI-515, a peripherally restricted, reversible MAGL inhibitor, using high throughput screening and a medicinal chemistry programme. LEI-515 increased 2-AG levels in peripheral organs, but not mouse brain. LEI-515 attenuated liver necrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in a CCl4-induced acute liver injury model. LEI-515 suppressed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception in mice without inducing cardinal signs of CB1 activation. Antinociceptive efficacy of LEI-515 was blocked by CB2, but not CB1, antagonists. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant precipitated signs of physical dependence in mice treated chronically with a global MAGL inhibitor (JZL184), and an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist (WIN55,212-2), but not with LEI-515. Our data support targeting peripheral MAGL as a promising therapeutic strategy for developing safe and effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C W Huizenga
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jonah L Wirt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Avand Amedi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Joerg Benz
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and analytics center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter F Driever
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and analytics center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Ruf
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna F Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Vliet
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands.
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11
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Zhao X, Amevor FK, Cui Z, Wan Y, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. Steatosis in metabolic diseases: A focus on lipolysis and lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114311. [PMID: 36764133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), as part of lipids, are involved in cell membrane composition, cellular energy storage, and cell signaling. FAs can also be toxic when their concentrations inside and/or outside the cell exceed physiological levels, which is called "lipotoxicity", and steatosis is a form of lipotoxity. To facilitate the storage of large quantities of FAs in cells, they undergo a process called lipolysis or lipophagy. This review focuses on the effects of lipolytic enzymes including cytoplasmic "neutral" lipolysis, lysosomal "acid" lipolysis, and lipophagy. Moreover, the impact of related lipolytic enzymes on lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation, as well as their role in lipid-related metabolic diseases. In addition, we describe how they affect lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation in lipid-related metabolic diseases with a focus on hepatic steatosis and cancer and the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AMPK/SIRTs/FOXOs, PI3K/Akt, PPARs/PGC-1α, MAPK/ERK1/2, TLR4/NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR/TFEB, Wnt/β-catenin through immune inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy-related pathways. As well as the current application of lipolytic enzyme inhibitors (especially Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitors) to provide new strategies for future exploration of metabolic programming in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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12
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Galvani F, Scalvini L, Rivara S, Lodola A, Mor M. Mechanistic Modeling of Monoglyceride Lipase Covalent Modification Elucidates the Role of Leaving Group Expulsion and Discriminates Inhibitors with High and Low Potency. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2771-2787. [PMID: 35580195 PMCID: PMC9198976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibition of monoglyceride
lipase (MGL), also known as monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL), has emerged as a promising approach for treating neurological
diseases. To gain useful insights in the design of agents with balanced
potency and reactivity, we investigated the mechanism of MGL carbamoylation
by the reference triazole urea SAR629 (IC50 = 0.2 nM) and
two recently described inhibitors featuring a pyrazole (IC50 = 1800 nM) or a 4-cyanopyrazole (IC50 = 8 nM) leaving
group (LG), using a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM)
approach. Opposite to what was found for substrate 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), covalent modification of MGL by azole
ureas is controlled by LG expulsion. Simulations indicated that changes
in the electronic structure of the LG greatly affect reaction energetics
with triazole and 4-cyanopyrazole inhibitors following a more accessible
carbamoylation path compared to the unsubstituted pyrazole derivative.
The computational protocol provided reaction barriers able to discriminate
between MGL inhibitors with different potencies. These results highlight
how QM/MM simulations can contribute to elucidating structure–activity
relationships and provide insights for the design of covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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13
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Bononi G, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Ortore G, Meier P, Masetto F, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Avan A, Giovannetti E, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Gertsch J, Tuccinardi T. Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Discovery of a New Class of Benzylpiperidine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7118-7140. [PMID: 35522977 PMCID: PMC9150076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for the
metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the brain and the hydrolysis
of peripheral monoacylglycerols. Many studies demonstrated beneficial
effects deriving from MAGL inhibition for neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammatory pathologies, and cancer. MAGL expression is increased
in invasive tumors, furnishing free fatty acids as pro-tumorigenic
signals and for tumor cell growth. Here, a new class of benzylpiperidine-based
MAGL inhibitors was synthesized, leading to the identification of 13, which showed potent reversible and selective MAGL inhibition.
Associated with MAGL overexpression and the prognostic role in pancreatic
cancer, derivative 13 showed antiproliferative activity
and apoptosis induction, as well as the ability to reduce cell migration
in primary pancreatic cancer cultures, and displayed a synergistic
interaction with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. These results
suggest that the class of benzylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors have
potential as a new class of therapeutic agents and MAGL could play
a role in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, via Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Jaiswal S, Akhilesh, Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Raja Ayyannan S. Synthesis and evaluation of dual fatty acid amide hydrolase-monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition and antinociceptive activities of 4-methylsulfonylaniline-derived semicarbazones. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116698. [PMID: 35296453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) are promising targets for neuropathic pain and other CNS disorders. Based on our previous lead compound SIH 3, we designed and synthesized a series of 4-methylsulfonylphenyl semicarbazones and evaluated for FAAH and MAGL inhibition properties. Most of the compounds showed potency towards both enzymes with leading FAAH selectivity. Compound (Z)-2-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide emerged as the lead inhibitor against both FAAH (IC50 = 11 nM) and MAGL (IC50 = 36 nM). The lead inhibitor inhibited FAAH by non-competitive mode, but showed a mixed-type inhibition against MAGL. Molecular docking study unveiled that the docked ligands bind favorably to the active sites of FAAH and MAGL. The lead inhibitor interacted with FAAH and MAGL via π-π stacking via phenyl ring and hydrogen bonding through sulfonyl oxygen atoms or amide NH. Moreover, the stability of docked complexes was rationalized by molecular simulation studies. PAMPA assay revealed that the lead compound is suitable for blood-brain penetration. The lead compound showed better cell viability in lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity assay in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Further, in-vivo experiments unveiled that dual inhibitor was safe up to 2000 mg/kg with no hepatotoxicity. The dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor produced significant anti-nociceptive effect in the CCI model of neuropathic pain without altering locomotion activity. Lastly, the lead compound exhibited promising ex-vivo FAAH/MAGL inhibition activity at the dose of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. Thus, these findings suggest that the semicarbazone-based lead compound can be a potential template for the development of agents for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Anderson LL, Doohan PT, Hawkins NA, Bahceci D, Thakur GA, Kearney JA, Arnold JC, Arnold JC. The endocannabinoid system impacts seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2022; 205:108897. [PMID: 34822817 PMCID: PMC9514665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic childhood epilepsy with multiple seizure types that are refractory to treatment. The endocannabinoid system regulates neuronal excitability so a deficit in endocannabinoid signaling could lead to hyperexcitability and seizures. Thus, we sought to determine whether a deficiency in the endocannabinoid system might contribute to seizure phenotypes in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome and whether enhancing endocannabinoid tone is anticonvulsant. Scn1a+/- mice model the clinical features of Dravet syndrome: hyperthermia-induced seizures, spontaneous seizures and reduced survival. We examined whether Scn1a+/- mice exhibit deficits in the endocannabinoid system by measuring brain cannabinoid receptor expression and endocannabinoid concentrations. Next, we determined whether pharmacologically enhanced endocannabinoid tone was anticonvulsant in Scn1a+/- mice. We used GAT229, a positive allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor, and ABX-1431, a compound that inhibits the degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The Scn1a+/- phenotype is strain-dependent with mice on a 129S6/SvEvTac (129) genetic background having no overt phenotype and those on an F1 (129S6/SvEvTac x C57BL/6J) background exhibiting a severe epilepsy phenotype. We observed lower brain cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression in the seizure-susceptible F1 compared to seizure-resistant 129 strain, suggesting an endocannabinoid deficiency might contribute to seizure susceptibility. GAT229 and ABX-1431 were anticonvulsant against hyperthermia-induced seizures. However, subchronic ABX1431 treatment increased spontaneous seizure frequency despite reducing seizure severity. Cnr1 is a putative genetic modifier of epilepsy in the Scn1a+/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Compounds that increase endocannabinoid tone could be developed as novel treatments for Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey L. Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Peter T. Doohan
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dilara Bahceci
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathon C. Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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16
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Kashyap A, Kumar S, Dutt R. A review on structurally diversified synthesized molecules as monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors and their therapeutic uses. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:96-115. [PMID: 35232358 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220301111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol is a metabolic key serine hydrolase, engaged in the regulation of signalling network system of endocannabinoids, which is associated with various physiological processes like pain, inflammation, feeding cognition and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease. The monoacylglycerol also found to act as a regulator and the free fatty acid provider in the proliferation of cancer cells, numerous aggressive tumours such as colorectal cancer, neuroblastoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It also played an important role in increasing the concentration of specific lipids derived from free fatty acids like phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate and prostaglandin E2. These signalling lipids are associated with cell proliferation, survival, tumour cell migration, contributing to tumour development, maturation and metastases. In the present study here, we are presenting a review on structurally diverse MAGL inhibitors, their development and their evaluation for different pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kashyap
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Ph.D. Scholar), School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Ph.D. Scholar), School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, India
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17
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Abdalla AN, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Bader A, Vassallo A, Abdallah ME, El-Readi MZ, Refaat B, Algarni AS, Ahmad R, Alkahtani HM, Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, Alqathama A. Co-Inhibition of P-gp and Hsp90 by an Isatin-Derived Compound Contributes to the Increase of the Chemosensitivity of MCF7/ADR-Resistant Cells to Doxorubicin. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010090. [PMID: 35011321 PMCID: PMC8746493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and multi-drug resistant (MDR) disease, which could result in the failure of many chemotherapeutic clinical agents. Discovering effective molecules from natural products or by derivatization from known compounds is the interest of many research studies. The first objective of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxic combinatorial, chemosensitizing, and apoptotic effects of an isatin derived compound (5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione conjugated with 5-substituted isatin, named HAA2021 in the present study) against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (MCF7/ADR) when combined with doxorubicin. The second objective is to investigate the binding mode of HAA2021 withP-glycoprotein (P-gp) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and to determine whether their co-inhibition by HAA2021 contribute to the increase of the chemosensitization of MCF7/ADR cells to doxorubicin. The combination of HAA2021, at non-toxic doses, with doxorubicin synergistically inhibited the proliferation while inducing significant apoptosis in MCF7 cells. Moreover, HAA2021 increased the chemosensitization of MCF7/ADR cells to doxorubicin, resulting in increased cytotoxicity/selectivity and apoptosis-inducing efficiency compared with the effect of doxorubicin or HAA2021 alone against MCF7/ADR cells. Molecular modeling showed that two molecules of HAA2021 bind to P-gp at the same time, causing P-gp inhibitory effect of the MDR efflux pump, and accumulation of Rhodamine-123 (Rho123) in MCF7/ADR cells. Furthermore, HAA2021 stably interacted with Hsp90α more efficiently compared with 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), which was confirmed with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular modeling studies. Additionally, HAA2021 showed multi-target effects via the inhibition of Hsp90 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝜅B) proteins in MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells. Results of real time-PCR also confirmed the synergistic co-inhibition of P-gp/Hsp90α genes in MCF7/ADR cells. Further pharmacokinetic and in vivo studies are warranted for HAA2021 to confirm its anticancer capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N. Abdalla
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 2404, Sudan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Ammar Bader
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Mohamed E. Abdallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.)
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alanood S. Algarni
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Alaa A.-M. Abdel-Aziz
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Adel S. El-Azab
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.-M.A.-A.); (A.S.E.-A.)
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (A.S.A.); (A.A.)
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18
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Adeel M, Saorin G, Boccalon G, Sfriso AA, Parisi S, Moro I, Palazzolo S, Caligiuri I, Granchi C, Corona G, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. A carrier free delivery system of a monoacylglycerol lipase hydrophobic inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121374. [PMID: 34906647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. It is involved in lipid metabolism and its inhibition impairs many hallmarks of cancer including cell proliferation, migration/invasion and tumor growth. For these reasons, our group has recently developed a potent reversible MAGL inhibitor (MAGL23), which showed promising anticancer activities. Here in, to improve its pharmacological properties, a nanoformulation based on nanocrystals coated with albumin was prepared for therapeutic applications. MAGL23 was solubilized by a nanocrystallization method with Pluronic F-127 as surfactant into an organic solvent and was recovered as nanocrystals in water after solvent evaporation. Finally, the solubilized nanocrystals were stabilized by human serum albumin to create a smart delivery carrier. An in-silico prediction (lipophilicity, structure at different pH and solubility in water), as well as experimental studies (solubility), have been performed to check the chemical properties of the inhibitor and nanocrystals. The solubility in water increases from less than 0.01 mg/mL (0.0008 mg/mL, predicted) up to 0.82 mg/mL in water. The formulated inhibitor maintained its potency in ovarian and colon cancer cell lines as the free drug. Furthermore, the system was thoroughly observed at each step of the solubilization process till the final formulation stage by different spectroscopic techniques and a comparative study was performed to check the effects of Pluronic F-127 and CTAB as surfactants. The formulated system is favorable to release the drug at physiological pH conditions (at pH 7.4, after 24 h, less than 20% of compound is released). In vivo studies have shown that albumin-complexed nanocrystals increase the therapeutic window of MAGL23 along with a favorable biodistribution. As per our knowledge, we are reporting the first ever nanoformulation of a MAGL inhibitor, which is promising as a therapeutic system where the MAGL enzyme is involved, especially for cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Dotoctoral School in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gloria Saorin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Dotoctoral School in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boccalon
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy; Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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19
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Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Discovery of Isatin-Based Carbohydrazones as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100559. [PMID: 34637598 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using ligand-based design strategy, a set of isatin-3-carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition properties. Compound 5-chloro-N'-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 b) emerged as a potent MAGL inhibitor with nanomolar activity (IC50 =3.33 nM), while compound 5-chloro-N'-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 j) was the most potent selective FAAH inhibitor (IC50 =37 nM). Compound 5-chloro-N'-(6-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 c) showed dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 31 and 29 nM respectively. Enzyme kinetics studies revealed that the isatin-based carbohydrazones are reversible inhibitors for both FAAH and MAGL. Further, blood-brain permeability assay confirmed that the lead compounds (13 b, 13 c, 13 g, 13 m and 13 q) are suitable as CNS candidates. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed the putative binding modes and key interactions of lead inhibitors within the enzyme active sites. The lead dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor 13 c showed significant antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in the cell-based cytotoxicity assay. In summary, the study yielded three potent FAAH/MAGL inhibitor compounds (13 b, 13 c and 13 j) with acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and thus can be considered as promising candidates for treating neurological and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Zanfirescu A, Ungurianu A, Mihai DP, Radulescu D, Nitulescu GM. Targeting Monoacylglycerol Lipase in Pursuit of Therapies for Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:5668. [PMID: 34577139 PMCID: PMC8468992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating conditions, and frequently lack an effective treatment. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol), a neuroprotective endocannabinoid intimately linked to the generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Consequently, synthesizing selective MAGL inhibitors has become a focus point in drug design and development. The purpose of this review was to summarize the diverse synthetic scaffolds of MAGL inhibitors concerning their potency, mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications, focusing on the results of studies published in the past five years. The main irreversible inhibitors identified were derivatives of hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol carbamates, glycol carbamates, azetidone triazole ureas and benzisothiazolinone, whereas the most promising reversible inhibitors were derivatives of salicylketoxime, piperidine, pyrrolidone and azetidinyl amides. We reviewed the results of in-depth chemical, mechanistic and computational studies on MAGL inhibitors, in addition to the results of in vitro findings concerning selectivity and potency of inhibitors, using the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) as an indicator of their effect on MAGL. Further, for highlighting the potential usefulness of highly selective and effective inhibitors, we examined the preclinical in vivo reports regarding the promising therapeutic applications of MAGL pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (A.Z.); (D.P.M.); (D.R.); (G.M.N.)
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21
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Ikeda S, Sugiyama H, Tokuhara H, Murakami M, Nakamura M, Oguro Y, Aida J, Morishita N, Sogabe S, Dougan DR, Gay SC, Qin L, Arimura N, Takahashi Y, Sasaki M, Kamada Y, Aoyama K, Kimoto K, Kamata M. Design and Synthesis of Novel Spiro Derivatives as Potent and Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors: Bioisosteric Transformation from 3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2 H-benzo[ b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl Moiety. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11014-11044. [PMID: 34328319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors in central nervous system-related diseases has attracted attention worldwide. However, the availability of reversible-type inhibitor is still limited to clarify the pharmacological effect. Herein, we report the discovery of novel spiro chemical series as potent and reversible MAGL inhibitors with a different binding mode to MAGL using Arg57 and His121. Starting from hit compound 1 and its co-crystal structure with MAGL, structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) approach enabled us to generate various spiro scaffolds like 2a (azetidine-lactam), 2b (cyclobutane-lactam), and 2d (cyclobutane-carbamate) as novel bioisosteres of 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl moiety in 1 with higher lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE). Optimization of the left hand side afforded 4f as a promising reversible MAGL inhibitor, which showed potent in vitro MAGL inhibitory activity (IC50 6.2 nM), good oral absorption, blood-brain barrier penetration, and significant pharmacodynamic changes (2-arachidonoylglycerol increase and arachidonic acid decrease) at 0.3-10 mg/kg, po. in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ikeda
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sugiyama
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tokuhara
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Murakami
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuya Oguro
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Aida
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nao Morishita
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sogabe
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Douglas R Dougan
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Takeda California, Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sean C Gay
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Takeda California, Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ling Qin
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Takeda California, Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Naoto Arimura
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuko Takahashi
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Sasaki
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamada
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Aoyama
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kouya Kimoto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kamata
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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22
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Bononi G, Tonarini G, Poli G, Barravecchia I, Caligiuri I, Macchia M, Rizzolio F, Demontis GC, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors based on a diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113679. [PMID: 34218085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme belonging to the endocannabinoid system that mainly metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Numerous studies have shown the involvement of this enzyme in various pathological conditions such as pain, cancer progression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, thus encouraging the development of new MAGL modulators. In this context, we developed new diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine derivatives characterized by a high enzymatic MAGL inhibition activity in the low nanomolar range, a reversible mechanism of action and selectivity. The three most active compounds (15-17) induced an appreciable inhibition of cell viability in a panel of nine cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging between 0.32 and 10 μM, thus highlighting their potential as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tonarini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Anticancer Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2172-2187. [PMID: 33834617 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have been in the limelight due to their anticancer potential. Both FAAH and MAGL are the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes that hydrolyze several endogenous ligands, mainly anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonic glycerol (2-AG), which regulate various pathophysiological conditions in the body such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. FAAH and MAGL inhibitors block the metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, increase endogenous levels of fatty acid amides, and exert various therapeutic effects including chronic pain, metabolic disorders, psychoses, nausea and vomiting, depression, and anxiety disorders. FAAH and MAGL are primarily neurotherapeutic targets, but their contribution to various types of carcinomas are significant. Inhibitors of these enzymes either alone or as multitarget agents, or with supra-additive effects show the potential effect in ovarian, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Besides highlighting the role of FAAH and MAGL in cancer progression, this review provides an update on the anticancer capabilities of known and newly discovered FAAH and MAGL inhibitors and also provides further directions to develop FAAH and MAGL inhibitors as new candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Analgesic and Anticancer Activity of Benzoxazole Clubbed 2-Pyrrolidinones as Novel Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082389. [PMID: 33924091 PMCID: PMC8074287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten benzoxazole clubbed 2-pyrrolidinones (11–20) as human monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors were designed on the criteria fulfilling the structural requirements and on the basis of previously reported inhibitors. The designed, synthesized, and characterized compounds (11–20) were screened against monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in order to find potential inhibitors. Compounds 19 (4-NO2 derivative) and 20 (4-SO2NH2 derivative), with an IC50 value of 8.4 and 7.6 nM, were found most active, respectively. Both of them showed micromolar potency (IC50 value above 50 µM) against a close analogue, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), therefore considered as selective inhibitors of MAGL. Molecular docking studies of compounds 19 and 20 revealed that carbonyl of 2-pyrrolidinone moiety sited at the oxyanion hole of catalytic site of the enzyme stabilized with three hydrogen bonds (~2 Å) with Ala51, Met123, and Ser122, the amino acid residues responsible for the catalytic function of the enzyme. Remarkably, the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds 19 and 20, computed by QikProp, were found to be in the qualifying range as per the proposed guideline for good orally bioactive CNS drugs. In formalin-induced nociception test, compound 20 reduced the pain response in acute and late stages in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly demonstrated the reduction in pain response, having better potency than the positive control gabapentin (GBP), at 30 mg/kg dose. Compounds 19 and 20 were submitted to NCI, USA, for anticancer activity screening. Compounds 19 (NSC: 778839) and 20 (NSC: 778842) were found to have good anticancer activity on SNB-75 cell line of CNS cancer, exhibiting 35.49 and 31.88% growth inhibition (% GI), respectively.
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Abstract
The science of cannabis and cannabinoids encompasses a wide variety of scientific disciplines and can appear daunting to newcomers to the field. The encroachment of folklore and ‘cannabis culture’ into scientific discussions can cloud the situation further. This Primer Review is designed to give a succinct overview of the chemistry of cannabis and cannabinoids. It is hoped that it will provide a useful resource for chemistry undergraduates, postgraduates and their instructors, and experienced chemists who require a comprehensive and up to date summary of the field. The Review begins with a brief overview of the history and botany of cannabis, then goes on to detail important aspects of the chemistry of phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinomimetics. Other natural constituents of the cannabis plant are then described including terpenes and terpenoids, polyphenolics, alkaloids, waxes and triglycerides, and important toxic contaminants. A discussion of key aspects of the pharmacology associated with cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system then follows, with a focus on the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. The medicinal chemistry of cannabis and cannabinoids is covered, highlighting the range of diseases targeted with cannabis and phytocannabinoids, as well as key aspects of phytocannabinoid metabolism, distribution, and delivery. The modulation of endocannabinoid levels through the inhibition of key endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is then discussed. The Review concludes with an assessment of the much touted ‘entourage effect’. References to primary literature and more specialised reviews are provided throughout.
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Discovery of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors Based on a Pharmacophore-Guided Virtual Screening Study. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010078. [PMID: 33375358 PMCID: PMC7794939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an important enzyme of the endocannabinoid system that catalyzes the degradation of the major endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). MAGL is associated with pathological conditions such as pain, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, elevated levels of MAGL have been found in aggressive breast, ovarian and melanoma cancer cells. Due to its different potential therapeutic implications, MAGL is considered as a promising target for drug design and the discovery of novel small-molecule MAGL inhibitors is of great interest in the medicinal chemistry field. In this context, we developed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening protocol combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which showed a final hit rate of 50% validating the reliability of the in silico workflow and led to the identification of two promising and structurally different reversible MAGL inhibitors, VS1 and VS2. These ligands represent a valuable starting point for structure-based hit-optimization studies aimed at identifying new potent MAGL inhibitors.
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Arena C, Gado F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Cervetto C, Carpi S, Reynoso-Moreno I, Polini B, Vallini E, Chicca S, Lucarini E, Bertini S, D’Andrea F, Digiacomo M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Gertsch J, Marcoli M, Nieri P, Ghelardini C, Chicca A, Manera C. The endocannabinoid system dual-target ligand N-cycloheptyl-1,2-dihydro-5-bromo-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamide improves disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bononi G, Poli G, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Granchi C. An updated patent review of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:153-168. [PMID: 33085920 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1841166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) belongs to the endocannabinoid system and is responsible for the inactivation of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Importantly, it was found that MAGL degradation of lipids in cancer cells enhances the availability of free fatty acids for new cellular membrane formation and pro-oncogenic lipid modulators. The multifaceted role of MAGL has greatly stimulated the search for MAGL inhibitors, which could be effective to treat diseases, such as inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer. AREAS COVERED This review covers patents published since 2018 up to now, concerning new MAGL inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION In the years 2018-2020, several well-known chemical scaffolds of MAGL inhibitors have been further optimized and developed and some new chemical classes have also been identified as MAGL inhibitors. Moreover, an increasing number of scientific publications covering MAGL inhibitors is focused on MAGL-specific positron emission tomography (PET) ligands. The numerous efforts of pharmaceutical companies and academic research groups finalized to find new potent MAGL inhibitors confirm that this research area is rapidly growing. Nevertheless, most of the patented compounds still belong to the large group of irreversible MAGL inhibitors, highlighting that the development of reversible MAGL inhibitors is still an unmet pharmaceutical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS , Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University , Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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Granchi C, Bononi G, Ferrisi R, Gori E, Mantini G, Glasmacher S, Poli G, Palazzolo S, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Perin T, Gertsch J, Sodi A, Giovannetti E, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of second-generation benzoylpiperidine derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112857. [PMID: 33045662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An interesting enzyme of the endocannabinoid system is monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). This enzyme, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), has attracted great interest due to its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. Experimental evidences highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of irreversible MAGL inhibitors in vivo, therefore the research field concerning reversible inhibitors is rapidly growing. In the present manuscript, the class of benzoylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors was further expanded and optimized. Enzymatic assays identified some compounds in the low nanomolar range and steered molecular dynamics simulations predicted the dissociation itinerary of one of the best compounds from the enzyme, confirming the observed structure-activity relationship. Biological evaluation, including assays in intact U937 cells and competitive activity-based protein profiling experiments in mouse brain membranes, confirmed the selectivity of the selected compounds for MAGL versus other components of the endocannabinoid system. An antiproliferative ability in a panel of cancer cell lines highlighted their potential as potential anticancer agents. Future studies on the potential use of these compounds in the clinical setting are also supported by the inhibition of cell growth observed both in cancer organoids derived from high grade serous ovarian cancer patients and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary cells, which showed genetic and histological features very similar to the primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Druggable Targets in Endocannabinoid Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:177-201. [PMID: 32894511 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabinoid-based extracts have long been utilized for their perceived therapeutic value, and support for the legalization of cannabis for medicinal purposes continues to increase worldwide. Since the discovery of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as the primary psychoactive component of cannabis over 50 years ago, substantial effort has been directed toward detection of endogenous mediators of cannabinoid activity. The discovery of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol as two endogenous lipid mediators of cannabinoid-like effects (endocannabinoids) has inspired exponential growth in our understanding of this essential pathway, as well as the pathological conditions that result from dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling. This review examines current knowledge of the endocannabinoid system including metabolic enzymes involved in biosynthesis and degradation and their receptors, and evaluates potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention.
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31
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Montesdeoca N, López M, Ariza X, Herrero L, Makowski K. Inhibitors of lipogenic enzymes as a potential therapy against cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:11355-11381. [PMID: 32761847 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on several metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism to meet the increase in energy demand, cell division, and growth and successfully adapt to challenging environments. Fatty acid synthesis is therefore commonly enhanced in many cancer cell lines. Thus, relevant efforts are being made by the scientific community to inhibit the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to disrupt cancer cell proliferation. We review the rapidly expanding body of inhibitors that target lipid metabolism, their side effects, and current status in clinical trials as potential therapeutic approaches against cancer. We focus on their molecular, biochemical and structural properties, selectivity and effectiveness and discuss their potential role as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montesdeoca
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Marta López
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kamil Makowski
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
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32
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Altamimi ASA, Bawa S, Athar F, Hassan MQ, Riadi Y, Afzal O. Pyrrolidin-2-one linked benzofused heterocycles as novel small molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors and antinociceptive agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1418-1432. [PMID: 32575154 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen pyrrolidin-2-one linked benzothiazole, and benzimidazole derivatives (10-27) were designed and synthesized. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by elemental and spectral (IR, 1 H-NMR and MS) data analysis. All the compounds were screened by human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) inhibition assay. Three benzimidazole compounds, 22 (4-Cl phenyl), 23 (3-Cl,4-F phenyl) and 25 (4-methoxy phenyl) were found to be the most potent, having an IC50 value of 8.6, 8.0 and 9.4 nm, respectively. Among them, the halogen-substituted phenyl derivatives, compound 22 (4-Cl phenyl) and compound 23 (3-Cl,4-F phenyl), showed micromolar potency against fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), having an IC50 value of 35 and 24 µm, respectively. Benzimidazole derivative having 4-methoxyphenyl substitution (compound 25) was found to be a selective MAGL inhibitor (IC50 = 9.4 nm), with an IC50 value above 50 µm against FAAH. In the formalin-induced nociception test, compound 25 showed a dose-dependent reduction of pain response in both acute and late phases. At 30 mg/kg dose, it significantly reduced the pain response and showed greater potency than the reference drug gabapentin (GBP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Zhu B, Connolly PJ, Zhang YM, McDonnell ME, Bian H, Lin SC, Liu L, Zhang SP, Chevalier KM, Brandt MR, Milligan CM, Flores CM, Macielag MJ. The discovery of azetidine-piperazine di-amides as potent, selective and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Jha V, Galati S, Volpi V, Ciccone L, Minutolo F, Rizzolio F, Granchi C, Poli G, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of a new ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitor identified by a pharmacophore-based virtual screening study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3996-4004. [PMID: 32448086 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1773314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA in normal cells, facilitating the de novo fatty acid synthesis. Lipids and fatty acids were found to be accumulated in different types of tumors, such as brain, breast, rectal and ovarian cancer, representing a great source of energy for cancer cell growth and metabolism. Since ACLY-mediated conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA constitutes the basis for fatty acid synthesis, ACLY seems to be quite an unexplored and promising therapeutic target for anticancer drug design. A pharmacophore-based virtual screening (VS) protocol with the aid of hierarchical docking, consensus docking (CD), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ligand-protein binding free energy calculations led to the identification of compound VS1, which showed a moderate but promising inhibitory activity, demonstrating to be 2.5 times more potent than reference inhibitor 2-hydroxycitrate. These results validate the reliability of our VS workflow and pave the way for the design of novel and more potent ACLY inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Jha
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Volpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Zhi Z, Zhang W, Yao J, Shang Y, Hao Q, Liu Z, Ren Y, Li J, Zhang G, Wang J. Discovery of Aryl Formyl Piperidine Derivatives as Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5783-5796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Yanguo Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qingjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Yushan Ren
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Jie Li
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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36
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Poli G, Granchi C, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T. Application of MM-PBSA Methods in Virtual Screening. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081971. [PMID: 32340232 PMCID: PMC7221544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design techniques are today largely applied in medicinal chemistry. In particular, receptor-based virtual screening (VS) studies, in which molecular docking represents the gold standard in silico approach, constitute a powerful strategy for identifying novel hit compounds active against the desired target receptor. Nevertheless, the need for improving the ability of docking in discriminating true active ligands from inactive compounds, thus boosting VS hit rates, is still pressing. In this context, the use of binding free energy evaluation approaches can represent a profitable tool for rescoring ligand-protein complexes predicted by docking based on more reliable estimations of ligand-protein binding affinities than those obtained with simple scoring functions. In the present review, we focused our attention on the Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzman Surface Area (MM-PBSA) method for the calculation of binding free energies and its application in VS studies. We provided examples of successful applications of this method in VS campaigns and evaluation studies in which the reliability of this approach has been assessed, thus providing useful guidelines for employing this approach in VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular science and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, 30170 Venice, Italy;
- Pathology unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.P.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0502219595
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Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
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38
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Deng H, Li W. Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors: modulators for lipid metabolism in cancer malignancy, neurological and metabolic disorders. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:582-602. [PMID: 32322464 PMCID: PMC7161712 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that plays a crucial role catalysing the hydrolysis of monoglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. It links the endocannabinoid and eicosanoid systems together by degradation of the abundant endocannabinoid 2-arachidaoylglycerol into arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. MAGL inhibitors have been considered as important agents in many therapeutic fields, including anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and even anti-cancer. Currently, ABX-1431, a first-in-class inhibitor of MAGL, is entering clinical phase 2 studies for neurological disorders and other diseases. This review summarizes the diverse (patho)physiological roles of MAGL and will provide an overview on the development of MAGL inhibitors. Although a large number of MAGL inhibitors have been reported, novel inhibitors are still required, particularly reversible ones.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol
- 2-Arachidaoylglycerol
- 2-OG, 2-oleoylglycerol
- 4-NPA, 4-nitrophenylacetate
- 7-HCA, 7-hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ABHD6 and ABHD12, α/β-hydrolase 6 and 12
- ABP, activity-based probes
- ABPP, activity-based protein profiling
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AEA, anandamide
- Arachidonic acid
- BCRP, breast cancer resistant protein
- CB1R and CB2R, cannabinoid receptors
- CC-ABPP, click chemistry activity-based protein profiling
- CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
- CNS, central nervous system
- COX, cyclooxygenases
- CYP, cytochrome P450 proteins
- Cancer
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DAGLs, diacylglycerol lipases
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Drug discovery
- EAE, encephalomyelitis
- EI, enzyme–inhibitor complex
- FAAH, amide hydrolase
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- FP, fluorophosphonate
- FP-Rh, fluorophosphonate-rhodamine
- FQ, fit quality
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HFIP, hexafluoroisopropyl
- LC–MS, liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry
- LFD, low-fat diet
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- MAGs, monoglycerides
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Metabolic syndrome
- Monoacylglycerol lipases
- NAM, N-arachidonoyl maleimide
- NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl
- Neuroinflammation
- OCT2, organic cation transporter 2
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PGE2, prostaglandin
- PGs, prostaglandins
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PLA2G7, phospholipase A2 group VII
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SBDD, structure-based drug design
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- THL, tetrahydrolipstatin
- cPLA2, cytosolic phospholipase A2
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85422197.
| | - Weimin Li
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85422197.
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Wyatt RM, Fraser I, Welty N, Lord B, Wennerholm M, Sutton S, Ameriks MK, Dugovic C, Yun S, White A, Nguyen L, Koudriakova T, Tian G, Suarez J, Szewczuk L, Bonnette W, Ahn K, Ghosh B, Flores CM, Connolly PJ, Zhu B, Macielag MJ, Brandt MR, Chevalier K, Zhang SP, Lovenberg T, Bonaventure P. Pharmacologic Characterization of JNJ-42226314, [1-(4-Fluorophenyl)indol-5-yl]-[3-[4-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]azetidin-1-yl]methanone, a Reversible, Selective, and Potent Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:339-353. [PMID: 31818916 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) into arachidonic acid and glycerol. Inhibition of 2-AG degradation leads to elevation of 2-AG, the most abundant endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) CB1 and CB2. Activation of these receptors has demonstrated beneficial effects on mood, appetite, pain, and inflammation. Therefore, MAGL inhibitors have the potential to produce therapeutic effects in a vast array of complex human diseases. The present report describes the pharmacologic characterization of [1-(4-fluorophenyl)indol-5-yl]-[3-[4-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]azetidin-1-yl]methanone (JNJ-42226314), a reversible and highly selective MAGL inhibitor. JNJ-42226314 inhibits MAGL in a competitive mode with respect to the 2-AG substrate. In rodent brain, the compound time- and dose-dependently bound to MAGL, indirectly led to CB1 occupancy by raising 2-AG levels, and raised norepinephrine levels in cortex. In vivo, the compound exhibited antinociceptive efficacy in both the rat complete Freund's adjuvant-induced radiant heat hypersensitivity and chronic constriction injury-induced cold hypersensitivity models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, respectively. Though 30 mg/kg induced hippocampal synaptic depression, altered sleep onset, and decreased electroencephalogram gamma power, 3 mg/kg still provided approximately 80% enzyme occupancy, significantly increased 2-AG and norepinephrine levels, and produced neuropathic antinociception without synaptic depression or decreased gamma power. Thus, it is anticipated that the profile exhibited by this compound will allow for precise modulation of 2-AG levels in vivo, supporting potential therapeutic application in several central nervous system disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Potentiation of endocannabinoid signaling activity via inhibition of the serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an appealing strategy in the development of treatments for several disorders, including ones related to mood, pain, and inflammation. [1-(4-Fluorophenyl)indol-5-yl]-[3-[4-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]azetidin-1-yl]methanone is presented in this report to be a novel, potent, selective, and reversible noncovalent MAGL inhibitor that demonstrates dose-dependent enhancement of the major endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol as well as efficacy in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Wyatt
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Ian Fraser
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Natalie Welty
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | - Steven Sutton
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Sujin Yun
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Allison White
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Leslie Nguyen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | - Gaochao Tian
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Javier Suarez
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Kay Ahn
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Brahma Ghosh
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Bin Zhu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | - Sui-Po Zhang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California
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40
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Castelli R, Scalvini L, Vacondio F, Lodola A, Anselmi M, Vezzosi S, Carmi C, Bassi M, Ferlenghi F, Rivara S, Møller IR, Rand KD, Daglian J, Wei D, Dotsey EY, Ahmed F, Jung KM, Stella N, Singh S, Mor M, Piomelli D. Benzisothiazolinone Derivatives as Potent Allosteric Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors That Functionally Mimic Sulfenylation of Regulatory Cysteines. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1261-1280. [PMID: 31714779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a set of benzisothiazolinone (BTZ) derivatives that are potent inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), the primary degrading enzyme for the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG). Structure-activity relationship studies evaluated various substitutions on the nitrogen atom and the benzene ring of the BTZ nucleus. Optimized derivatives with nanomolar potency allowed us to investigate the mechanism of MGL inhibition. Site-directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry experiments showed that BTZs interact in a covalent reversible manner with regulatory cysteines, Cys201 and Cys208, causing a reversible sulfenylation known to modulate MGL activity. Metadynamics simulations revealed that BTZ adducts favor a closed conformation of MGL that occludes substrate recruitment. The BTZ derivative 13 protected neuronal cells from oxidative stimuli and increased 2-AG levels in the mouse brain. The results identify Cys201 and Cys208 as key regulators of MGL function and point to the BTZ scaffold as a useful starting point for the discovery of allosteric MGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Mattia Anselmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Stefano Vezzosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Caterina Carmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Michele Bassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Francesca Ferlenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Ingvar R Møller
- Department of Pharmacy , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-7280 , United States
| | - Simar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-7280 , United States
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
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41
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Dato FM, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas as reversible inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103352. [PMID: 31668797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is involved in a plethora of pathological conditions, in particular pain and inflammation, various types of cancer, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and is therefore a promising target for drug development. Although a large number of irreversible-acting MAGL inhibitors have been discovered over the past years, there are only few compounds known so far which inhibit the enzyme in a reversible manner. Therefore, much effort is put into the development of novel chemical entities showing reversible inhibitory behavior, which is thought to cause less undesired side effects. To explore a wide range of chemical structures as MAGL binders, we have applied a virtual screening approach by docking small molecules into the crystal structure of human MAGL (hMAGL) and envisaged a library of 45 selected compounds which were then synthesized. Biochemical investigations included the determination of the inhibitory potency on hMAGL and two related hydrolases, i.e. human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH) and murine cholesterol esterase (mCEase). The most promising candidates from theses analyses, i.e. three ω-quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas bearing alkyl spacers of three to five methylene groups, exhibited IC50 values of 20-41 µM and reversible, detergent-insensitive behavior towards hMAGL. Among these compounds, the inhibitor 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)butyl)urea (96) was selected for further kinetic characterization, yielding a dissociation constant Ki = 15.4 µM and a mixed-type inhibition with a pronounced competitive component (α = 8.94). This mode of inhibition was further supported by a docking experiment, which suggested that the inhibitor occupies the substrate binding pocket of hMAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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42
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Grimsey NL, Savinainen JR, Attili B, Ahamed M. Regulating membrane lipid levels at the synapse by small-molecule inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase: new developments in therapeutic and PET imaging applications. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:330-343. [PMID: 31622747 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a major endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzyme and can be regulated to control endogenous lipid levels in the brain. This review highlights the pharmacological roles and in vivo PET imaging of MAGL in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, The University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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43
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D'Andrea F, Vagelli G, Granchi C, Guazzelli L, Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Iacopini D, Minutolo F, Di Bussolo V. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Glycoconjugated LDH Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3520. [PMID: 31569409 PMCID: PMC6804087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of known biologically active molecules to carbohydrate frameworks represents a valuable option for the preparation of hybrid, structurally-related families of compounds with the aim of modulating their biological response. Therefore, we present here a study on the preparation of d-galacto, d-manno, d-gluco, and d-lactose glycoconjugates of an established N-hydroxyindole-based (NHI) inhibitor of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH). Structural variations involved the sugar stereochemistry and size as well as the anchoring point of the NHI on the carbohydrate frame (either C-1 or C-6). In the case of the galactose anomeric glycoconjugate (C-1), intriguing solvent-dependent effects were observed in the glycosylation stereochemical outcome. The biological activity of the deprotected glycoconjugates in contrasting lactate formation and cancer cell proliferation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vagelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Dalila Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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