1
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Dereka B, Maroli N, Poronik YM, Gryko DT, Kananenka AA. Excited-state symmetry breaking is an ultrasensitive tool for probing microscopic electric fields. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04797d. [PMID: 39220161 PMCID: PMC11350400 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04797d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microscopic electric fields are increasingly found to play a pivotal role in catalysis of enzymatic and chemical reactions. Currently, the vibrational Stark effect is the main experimental method used to measure them. Here, we demonstrate how excited-state symmetry breaking can serve as a much more sensitive tool to assess these fields. Using transient infrared spectroscopy on a quadrupolar probe equipped with nitrile groups we demonstrate both its superior sensitivity and that it does not suffer from the notorious hydrogen-bond induced upshift of the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N stretch frequency. In combination with conventional ground-state infrared absorption, excited-state symmetry breaking can be used to disentangle even weak specific hydrogen bond interactions from general field effects. We showcase this capability with the example of weak C-H hydrogen bonds in polar aprotic solvents. Additionally, we reveal for the first time symmetry breaking driven not by solvent but by the entropy of the pendant side chains of the chromophore. Our findings not only enhance our understanding of symmetry-breaking charge-transfer phenomena but pave the way toward using them in electric field sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nikhil Maroli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Alexei A Kananenka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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2
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Hawks A, Daniel LM, Sorto VS, Mauro J, Skiouris P, Collier GS. Expanding Color Control of Anodically Coloring Electrochromes Based on Electron-Rich 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:1235-1244. [PMID: 38962565 PMCID: PMC11217944 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Anodically coloring electrochromes have received attention in recent years as high-contrast alternatives to cathodically coloring electrochromes due to their superior optical contrast during electrochemical switching. While current systems represent significant progress for organic electrochromics, it is necessary to expand the structural diversity of these materials while simultaneously reducing the hazards associated with synthetic protocols. With these considerations in mind, a family of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) chromophores with varying functionalities along the 2,5-axis was envisioned to accomplish these goals. After predicting different absorbance traits as oxidized molecules with time-dependent density functional theory, DHPP chromophores with varying peripheral functionalities were synthesized in a single aerobic synthetic step via an iron-catalyzed multicomponent reaction and characterized as high-contrast chromophores. In solution, the DHPP chromophores absorb in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, resulting in color-neutral L*a*b* color coordinates of ∼100, 0, 0. Upon chemical oxidation, each molecule transitions to absorb at various points across the visible spectrum based on the extent of electron-donating ability and can display five distinct colors. Importantly, the chromophores are redox-active and display switching capabilities with an applied electrochemical potential. In conjunction with building fundamental insights into molecular design of DHPP chromophores, the results and synthetic simplicity of DHPPs make them compelling materials for color-controlled high-contrast electrochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison
M. Hawks
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Lillian M. Daniel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Valentino S. Sorto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Julia Mauro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Perry Skiouris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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3
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Teimouri MB, Deperasińska I, Rammo M, Banasiewicz M, Stark CW, Dobrzycki Ł, Cyrański MK, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Strongly Polarized π-Extended 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles Fused with Tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4657-4672. [PMID: 38530877 PMCID: PMC11002929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A straightforward route to 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles comprised of two electron-withdrawing quinoline or tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline scaffolds has been developed. The versatile multicomponent reaction affording 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles combined with intramolecular direct arylation enables assembly of these products in just three steps from anilines with overall yields exceeding 30%. The planarized, ladder-type heteroacenes possess up to 14 conjugated rings. These nominally quadrupolar materials exhibit efficient fluorescence with wavelengths spanning most of the visible spectrum from green-yellow for the dyes possessing biaryl bridges and orange-red for the fully fused systems. In many cases, the fluorescence quantum yields are large, the solvatofluorochromic effects are strong, and the fluorescence is maintained even in crystalline state. Analysis of the electronic structure of these molecular architectures using quantum chemical methods suggests that the character and position of the flanking heterocycle determine the shape of HOMO and LUMO and their extension to N-aryl substituents, influencing the values of molar absorption coefficient. An experimental study of the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties has revealed that it occurs in the 700-800 nm range with apparent deviation from the Laporte parity selection rule, which may be attributed to Hertzberg-Teller contribution to vibronically allowed 2PA transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B. Teimouri
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofateh Ave, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute
of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute
of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Charles W. Stark
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Department
of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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4
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Wrzosek A, Vullev VI, Szewczyk A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Quadrupolar, Highly Polarized Dyes: Emission Dependence on Viscosity and Selective Mitochondria Staining. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:248-257. [PMID: 38585507 PMCID: PMC10995932 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quadrupolar A-D-A-type 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) bearing pyridinium and quinolinium substituents emit in the 500-600 nm region. The enhancement of electronic communication between the electron-rich heterocyclic core and electron-deficient peripheral substituents turned out to be crucial for achieving emission enhancement in viscous media. DHPP bearing two 4-pyridinium substituents has optical brightness 34,000 in glycerol and only 700 in MeOH, as evidenced by measurements of the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetimes in a series of polar solvents. Such behavior makes it an excellent candidate for viscosity probes in fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated by the fluorescence imaging of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, Riverside,
900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Bartlett KA, Charland-Martin A, Lawton J, Tomlinson AL, Collier GS. Azomethine-Containing Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Copolymers for Simple and Degradable Conjugated Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300220. [PMID: 37449343 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received significant attention as potentially lightweight and highly tailorable alternatives to inorganic semiconductors, but their synthesis is often complex, produces toxic byproducts, and they are not typically designed to be degradable or recyclable. These drawbacks necessitate dedicated efforts to discover materials with design motifs that enable targeted and efficient degradation of conjugated polymers. In this vein, the synthetic simplicity of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) is exploited to access azomethine-containing copolymers via a benign acid-catalyzed polycondensation protocol. Polymerizations involve reacting a dialdehyde-functionalized dihydropyrrolopyrrole with p-phenylenediamine as the comonomer using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The inherent dynamic equilibrium of the azomethine bonds subsequently enabled the degradation of the polymers in solution in the presence of acid. Degradation of the polymers is monitored via NMR, UV-vis absorbance, and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the polymers are shown to be fully degradable. Notably, while absorbance measurements reveal a continued shift to higher energies with extended exposure to acid, fluorescence measurements show a substantial increase in the fluorescence response upon degradation. Results from this study encourage the continued development of environmentally-conscious polymerizations to attain polymeric materials with useful properties while simultaneously creating polymers with structural handles for end-of-life management or/and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Ariane Charland-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jonathan Lawton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, 30597, USA
| | - Aimée L Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, 30597, USA
| | - Graham S Collier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
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6
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Yu S, Li S, Xie Z, Liu W, Islam MM, Redshaw C, Cao MJ, Chen Q, Feng X. New pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles with AIE characteristics for detection of dichloromethane and chloroform. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38053240 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Three new pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives containing methoxyphenyl, pyrene or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units (compounds 1-3) have been designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of compounds 1-3 were tested in different water fraction (fw ) of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative 3 containing TPE units exhibited typical AIE features with an enhanced emission (∼32-fold) in the solid state versus in solution; compounds 1 and 2 exhibited an aggregation-caused quenching effect. In addition, the steric and electronic effects of the peripheral moieties on the emission behavior, both in solution and in the solid state, have been investigated. Moreover, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole 1 exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for dichloromethane and chloroform solvents, with the system displaying a new emission peak and fast response time under ultraviolet irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Md Monarul Islam
- Synthesis Laboratory, Chemical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Mei Juan Cao
- College of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Eco-Environmental Protection Company, China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Limited, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Sanil G, Krzeszewski M, Chaładaj W, Danikiewicz W, Knysh I, Dobrzycki Ł, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Cyrański MK, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Aryl Shift and Double Alkyne Benzannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311123. [PMID: 37823245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tandem intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes accompanied by a 1,2-aryl shift is described. Harnessing the unique electron-rich character of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, we demonstrate that the hydroarylation of alkynes proceeds at the already occupied positions 2 and 5 leading to a 1,2-aryl shift. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds only in the presence of cationic gold catalyst, and it leads to heretofore unknown π-expanded, centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The utility is verified in the preparation of 13 products that bear six conjugated rings. The observed compatibility with various functional groups allows for increased tunability with regard to the photophysical properties as well as providing sites for further functionalization. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of the six-membered rings accompanied with a 1,2-aryl shift is both kinetically and thermodynamically favourable over plausible formation of products containing 7-membered rings. Steady-state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S-shaped N-doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. Their optical properties are rationalized through time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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9
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Abatti PP, Decarli NO, Gogoc S, Data P, Bechtold IH, Westphal E, Gallardo H. Shedding Light on Highly Emissive 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives: Synthesis and Aggregate-Dependent Emission. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300539. [PMID: 37801036 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Three tetraaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives containing different number of long alkoxy chains (2, 4 and 6) were synthesized, characterized and applied in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The compounds showed good emission properties with Photoluminescence Quantum Yields (PLQYs) higher than 80 % in solution and 50 % in solid state (thin film). The solvatochromism results revealed a pronounced vibronic emission in methylcyclohexane and toluene, characterized by two distinct sharp emission peaks and a small redshift in the following order: methylcyclohexane>toluene>dichloromethane>tetrahydrofuran>acetonitrile. Also, the compounds formed aggregates with redshifted emission, which can be attributed to excimer formation. This phenomenon was observed in solutions containing 90 % water and with the concentration variation in methylcyclohexane (MCH). Compounds with a greater number of peripheral chains showed the capacity to keep hexagonal columnar organization in films after fast cooling from liquid state. OLEDs fabricated with these compounds showed turn-on voltages lower than 4.0 V, with luminance higher than 1400 cd m-2 , electroluminescence spectra with Full Width at Half Maximum lower than 70 nm and maximum External Quantum Efficiency between 7.2 % and 4.3 %. Overall, this shows that the 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole moiety is promising for applications where luminescence is paramount, as in organic light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Pazini Abatti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Oliveira Decarli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Księdza Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Księdza Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Łódź, 116, 90-543, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Eduard Westphal
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima CP 476, CEP, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
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10
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Hawks A, Altman D, Faddis R, Wagner EM, Bell KJJ, Charland-Martin A, Collier GS. Relating Design and Optoelectronic Properties of 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles Bearing Biphenyl Substituents. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7352-7360. [PMID: 37561612 PMCID: PMC10461294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of peripheral functionality on optoelectronic properties of conjugated materials is an important task for the continued development of chromophores for myriad applications. Here, π-extended 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) chromophores with varying electron-donating or electron-withdrawing capabilities were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and the influence of functionality on optoelectronic properties was elucidated. First, chromophores display distinct differences in the UV-vis absorbance spectra measured via UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy in addition to changes in the onset of oxidation measured with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Solution oxidation studies found that variations in the electron-donating and -withdrawing capabilities result in different absorbance profiles of the radical cations that correspond to quantifiably different colors. In addition to fundamental insights into the molecular design of DHPP chromophores and their optoelectronic properties, two chromophores display high-contrast electrochromism, which makes them potentially compelling in electronic devices. Overall, this study represents the ability to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties of DHPP chromophores in their neutral and oxidized states and expands the understanding of structure-property relationships that will guide the continued development of DHPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison
M. Hawks
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Drake Altman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ryan Faddis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ethan M. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Kenneth-John J. Bell
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Ariane Charland-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Graham S. Collier
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
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11
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Hryniewicka A, Breczko J, Siemiaszko G, Papathanassiou AN, Góra-Marek K, Tarach KA, Brzezinski K, Ilnicka A, Terzyk AP, Markiewicz KH, Echegoyen L, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Three-dimensional organization of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-based triazine framework using nanostructural spherical carbon: enhancing electrochemical performance of materials for supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10737. [PMID: 37400511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent triazine-based frameworks have attracted much interest recently due to their high surface area and excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities. This study shows that covalently immobilizing triazine-based structures on spherical carbon nanostructures results in the organization of micro- and mesopores in a three-dimensional manner. We selected the nitrile-functionalized pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole unit to form triazine rings to construct a covalent organic framework. Combining spherical carbon nanostructures with the triazine framework produced a material with unique physicochemical properties, exhibiting the highest specific capacitance value of 638 F g-1 in aqueous acidic solutions. This phenomenon is attributed to many factors. The material exhibits a large surface area, a high content of micropores, a high content of graphitic N, and N-sites with basicity and semi-crystalline character. Thanks to the high structural organization and reproducibility, and remarkably high specific capacitance, these systems are promising materials for use in electrochemistry. For the first time, hybrid systems containing triazine-based frameworks and carbon nano-onions were used as electrodes for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hryniewicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Breczko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Gabriela Siemiaszko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anthony N Papathanassiou
- Physics Department, Condensed Matter Physics Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784, Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Kinga Góra-Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina A Tarach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzezinski
- Department of Structural Biology of Prokaryotic Organisms, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-074, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Ilnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Artur P Terzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Marta E Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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12
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Han Y, Zhu J, Dong S, Eng Y, Tao T, Gopalakrishna TY, Chi C. Bisazapentalene Dication: Global Aromaticity and Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Org Lett 2023; 25:3380-3385. [PMID: 37162270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic moieties fused in polycyclic π-conjugated molecules usually exhibit strong localized antiaromaticiy. Herein, we reported the synthesis and properties of a bisazapentalene dication (BAP2+) obtained from in situ two-electron oxidation of neutral species 8. Noteworthily, it possesses global aromaticity and an open-shell singlet ground state. This study underlines the importance of heteroatoms in determining the delocalization of π-electrons and the aromaticity of molecules in their oxidized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yijie Eng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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13
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Górski K, Ostojić T, Banasiewicz M, Ouellette ET, Grisanti L, Gryko DT. Conversion of Ketones into Blue-Emitting Electron-Deficient Benzofurans. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203464. [PMID: 36696516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel heavy metal-free and safe synthetic methodology enabling one-step conversion of ketones into corresponding 4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzofurans (F4 BFs) has been developed. The presented approach has numerous advantageous qualities, including utilization of readily available substrates, broad scope, scalability, and good reaction yields. Importantly, some of the benzofurans prepared by this method were heretofore inaccessible by any other known transformation. Importantly, furo[2,3-b]pyrazines and heretofore unexplored difuro[2,3-c:3',2'-e]pyridazine can be prepared using this strategy. Spectroscopic studies reveal that for simple systems, absorption and fluorescence maxima fall within the UV spectral range, while π-electron system expansion red-shifts both spectra. Moreover, the good fluorescence quantum yields observed in solution, up to 96 %, are also maintained in the solid state. Experimental results are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The presented methodology, combined with the spectroscopic characteristics, suggest the possibility of using F4 BFs in the optoelectronic industry (i. e., organic light emitting devices (OLED), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV)) as inexpensive and readily available emissive or semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tea Ostojić
- Division of Theoretical Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luca Grisanti
- Division of Theoretical Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Saddle-shaped aza-nanographene with multiple odd-membered rings. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2353-2360. [PMID: 36873850 PMCID: PMC9977460 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A saddle-shaped aza-nanographene containing a central 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) has been prepared via a rationally designed four-step synthetic pathway encompassing intramolecular direct arylation, the Scholl reaction, and finally photo-induced radical cyclization. The target non-alternant, nitrogen-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) incorporates two abutting pentagons between four adjacent heptagons forming unique 7-7-5-5-7-7 topology. Such a combination of odd-membered-ring defects entails a negative Gaussian curvature within its surface with a significant distortion from planarity (saddle height ≈ 4.3 Å). Its absorption and fluorescence maxima are located in the orange-red region, with weak emission originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that this stable under ambient conditions aza-nanographene underwent three fully reversible oxidation steps (two one-electron followed by one two-electron) with an exceptionally low first oxidation potential of E ox1 = -0.38 V (vs. Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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15
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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16
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Kowalczyk P, Tasior M, Ozaki S, Kamada K, Gryko DT. From 2,5-Diformyl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles to Quadrupolar, Centrosymmetric Two-Photon-Absorbing A-D-A Dyes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2551-2555. [PMID: 35343707 PMCID: PMC9003575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An original approach has been developed for the insertion of formyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles by conversion of thiazol-2-yl substituents. The synthetic utility of these formyl groups was investigated, and a series of centrosymmetric A-π-D-π-A frameworks were constructed. The two-photon absorption of the quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole possessing two dicyanovinylidene flanking groups is attributed to an S0 → (S1) → S4 transition which has a large TPA cross-section (1300 GM) for a molecule of this size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- NMRI,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- NMRI,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Górski K, Mech-Piskorz J, Pietraszkiewicz M. From truxenes to heterotruxenes: playing with heteroatoms and the symmetry of molecules. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the modification of truxene, we can change the electronic structure or create multidimensional materials. Thus, the use of truxenes is very wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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18
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Tasior M, Kowalczyk P, Przybył M, Czichy M, Janasik P, Bousquet MHE, Łapkowski M, Rammo M, Rebane A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Going beyond the borders: pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles with deep red emission. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15935-15946. [PMID: 35024117 PMCID: PMC8672719 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step route to strongly absorbing and efficiently orange to deep red fluorescent, doubly B/N-doped, ladder-type pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed. We synthesize and study a series of derivatives of these four-coordinate boron-containing, nominally quadrupolar materials, which mostly exhibit one-photon absorption in the 500-600 nm range with the peak molar extinction coefficients reaching 150 000, and emission in the 520-670 nm range with the fluorescence quantum yields reaching 0.90. Within the family of these ultrastable dyes even small structural changes lead to significant variations of the photophysical properties, in some cases attributed to reversal of energy ordering of alternate-parity excited electronic states. Effective preservation of ground-state inversion symmetry was evidenced by very weak two-photon absorption (2PA) at excitation wavelengths corresponding to the lowest-energy, strongly one-photon allowed purely electronic transition. π-Expanded derivatives and those possessing electron-donating groups showed the most red-shifted absorption- and emission spectra, while displaying remarkably high peak 2PA cross-section (σ 2PA) values reaching ∼2400 GM at around 760 nm, corresponding to a two-photon allowed higher-energy excited state. At the same time, derivatives lacking π-expansion were found to have a relatively weak 2PA peak centered at ca. 800-900 nm with the maximum σ 2PA ∼50-250 GM. Our findings are augmented by theoretical calculations performed using TD-DFT method, which reproduce the main experimental trends, including the 2PA, in a nearly quantitative manner. Electrochemical studies revealed that the HOMO of the new dyes is located at ca. -5.35 eV making them relatively electron rich in spite of the presence of two B--N+ dative bonds. These dyes undergo a fully reversible first oxidation, located on the diphenylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core, directly to the di(radical cation) stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Przybył
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | | | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia.,Department of Physics, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab-UMR 6230, CNRS, University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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19
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20
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Górski K, Deperasińska I, Baryshnikov GV, Ozaki S, Kamada K, Ågren H, Gryko DT. Quadrupolar Dyes Based on Highly Polarized Coumarins. Org Lett 2021; 23:6770-6774. [PMID: 34474569 PMCID: PMC8419859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence and other photophysical parameters of highly polarized, quadrupolar bis-coumarins possessing an electron-rich pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole bridging unit are highly dependent on the linking position between both chromophores. Delocalization of the LUMO on the entire π-system results in intense emission and strong two-photon absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Nanomaterials
Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials
Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl-Shaped Pentagon- and Heptagon-Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14998-15005. [PMID: 33831270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped nitrogen-doped nanographene composed of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core substituted with six arene rings circularly bonded with one another has been prepared via a concise synthetic strategy encompassing the multicomponent tetraarylpyrrolopyrrole (TAPP) synthesis, the Scholl reaction, and intramolecular direct arylation. This synthesis represents the first case of programmed sequential intramolecular direct arylation reactions utilizing the different reactivity of C-Br and C-Cl bonds. The target compound contains two central pentagons confined between two adjacent heptagons-the inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. The presence of both five- and seven-membered rings in the final structure is responsible for interesting properties such as a perpendicularly aligned dipole moment, absorption and fluorescence in the orange-red region, weak emission originating from the charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band, and a high lying HOMO. In the solid state slipped convex-to-convex π-π stacking dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl‐Shaped Pentagon‐ and Heptagon‐Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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23
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Abstract
4,4′-(Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)dianiline was synthesized in one step from benzene-1,4-diamine and ethylene glycol with Pd/Al2O3 and ZnO. The title compound was characterized by means of NMR techniques and HRMS mass spectrometry.
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