One-Pot Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,f]oxepines and Total Synthesis of Bauhinoxepin C

Progress in Electrochemically Empowered C-O Bond Formation: Unveiling the Pathway of Efficient Green Synthesis

(C-X) bonds (X=C, N, O) are the main backbone for making different skeleton in the organic synthetic transformations. Among all the sustainable techniques, electro-organic synthesis for C-X bond formation is the advanced tool as it offers a greener and more cost-effective approach to chemical reactions by utilizing electrons as reagents. In this review, we want to explore the recent advancements in electrochemical C-O bond formation. The electrochemically driven C-O bond formation represents an emerging and exciting area of research. In this context, electrochemical techniques offers numerous advantages, including higher yields, cost-efficient production, and simplified work-up procedures. This method enables the continuous and consistent formation of C-O bonds in molecules, significantly enhancing overall reaction yields. Furthermore, both intramolecular and intermolecular C-O bond forming reaction provided valuable products of O-containing acyclic/cyclic analogue. Hence, carbonyl (C=O), ether -O-), and ester (-COOR) functionalization in both cyclic/acyclic analogues have been prepared continuously via this innovative pathway. In this context, we want to discuss one-decade electrochemical synthetic pathways of various C-O bond contains functional group in chronological manner. This review focused on all the synthetic aspects including mechanistic path and has also mentioned overall critical finding regarding the C-O bond formation via electrochemical pathways.

Dibenzo[b,f]oxepine Molecules Used in Biological Systems and Medicine

In this short review, including 113 references, issues related to dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives are presented. Dibenzo[b,f]oxepine scaffold is an important framework in medicinal chemistry, and its derivatives occur in several medicinally relevant plants. At the same time, the structure, production, and therapeutic effects of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines have not been extensively discussed thus far and are presented in this review. This manuscript addresses the following issues: extracting dibenzo[b,f]oxepines from plants and its significance in medicine, the biosynthesis of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines, the active synthetic dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives, the potential of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines as microtubule inhibitors, and perspective for applications of dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives. In conclusion, this review describes studies on various structural features and pharmacological actions of dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives.

Systematic Studies on Anti-Cancer Evaluation of Stilbene and Dibenzo[b,f]oxepine Derivatives

Cancer is one of the most common causes of human death worldwide; thus, numerous therapies, including chemotherapy, have been and are being continuously developed. In cancer cells, an aberrant mitotic spindle-a microtubule-based structure necessary for the equal splitting of genetic material between daughter cells-leads to genetic instability, one of the hallmarks of cancer. Thus, the building block of microtubules, tubulin, which is a heterodimer formed from α- and β-tubulin proteins, is a useful target in anti-cancer research. The surface of tubulin forms several pockets, i.e., sites that can bind factors that affect microtubules' stability. Colchicine pockets accommodate agents that induce microtubule depolymerization and, in contrast to factors that bind to other tubulin pockets, overcome multi-drug resistance. Therefore, colchicine-pocket-binding agents are of interest as anti-cancer drugs. Among the various colchicine-site-binding compounds, stilbenoids and their derivatives have been extensively studied. Herein, we report systematic studies on the antiproliferative activity of selected stilbenes and oxepine derivatives against two cancer cell lines-HCT116 and MCF-7-and two normal cell lines-HEK293 and HDF-A. The results of molecular modeling, antiproliferative activity, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that compounds 1a, 1c, 1d, 1i, 2i, 2j, and 3h were the most cytotoxic and acted by interacting with tubulin heterodimers, leading to the disruption of the microtubular cytoskeleton.

One-pot synthesis of 2-arylindole derivatives under transition-metal-free conditions

A new and simple method to prepare 2-arylindole derivatives under transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. When N-acetyl-2-methyl-3-nitroaniline was treated with 2-fluorobenzaldehydes in the presence of Cs2CO3 in DMF at 60 ⁰C, the desired indoles were typically obtained in moderate to good yields (up to 83%). Other aniline substrates were also employed, but only the Knoevenagel condensation occurred to give the corresponding diarylethenes in moderate to excellent yields.

Total Synthesis of Oxepin and Dihydrooxepin Containing Natural Products

The construction of oxepin and dihydrooxepin containing natural products represents a challenging task in total synthesis. In the last decades, a variety of synthetic methods have been reported for the installation of these structural motifs. Herein, we provide an overview of synthetic methods and strategies to construct these motifs in the context of natural product synthesis and highlight the key steps of each example.