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Noor R, Zahoor AF, Mansha A, Khan SG, Haq AU, Ahmad S, Al-Hussain SA, Irfan A, Zaki MEA. Synthetic Potential of Regio- and Stereoselective Ring Expansion Reactions of Six-Membered Carbo- and Heterocyclic Ring Systems: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076692. [PMID: 37047665 PMCID: PMC10094819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring expansion reactions fascinate synthetic chemists owing to their importance in synthesizing biologically active compounds and their efficacy in medicinal chemistry. The present review summarizes a number of synthetic methodologies, including stereoselective and regioselective pathways adopted by scientists, for framing medium- to large-size carbo- and heterocycles involving lactams, lactone, azepine and azulene derivatives via ring expansion of six-membered carbo- and heterocycles that have been reported from 2007–2022. Numerous rearrangement and cycloaddition reactions involving Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, Aza–Claisen rearrangement, Schmidt rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement, etc., have been described in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Noor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. 3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine: Effective Precursor for Barium Hydroxide-Mediated Three Components Synthesis of New Mono- and Bis(pyrimidines) with Potential Cytotoxic Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100500. [PMID: 34784450 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient one-pot procedure for preparing a new series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-fused pyrimidines was described. The target hybrids were developed through a three-component reaction of 3-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, benzaldehydes, and acetophenones (molar ratio 1 : 1 : 1). The best conditions for the previous reaction were 2.5 equivalents of barium hydroxide in DMF at 150 °C for 6 h. New bis(pyrimidines) were synthesized in high yields using a similar one-pot reaction protocol with some modifications. Thus, two equivalents of each of the appropriate acetophenones and 3-aminopyrazolopyridine were reacted with one equivalent of the appropriate bis(aldehydes). The reaction was carried out at 150 °C for 8 h using 4.5 equivalents of barium hydroxide in DMF. Repeating the previous reaction with the appropriate bis(acetyl) derivatives and benzaldehydes resulted in good yields of the target bis(pyrimidines). The in vitro cytotoxic activity of new pyrimidines against the MCF-7, HEPG2, and Caco2 cell lines was evaluated using the reference doxorubicin (IC50 values of 4.34-6.97 μM). Hybrid 6h had the best activity against Caco2 and MCF-7 cell lines, IC50 values of 12.62 and 14.50 μM, respectively. The IC50 values for hybrids 6c, 6e, and 6f against MCF-7 and Caco2 cell lines were 23.99-41.69 and 33.14-43.33 μM, respectively. Furthermore, hybrid 6e displayed IC50 value of 20.06 μM HEPG2 cell lines, while the hybrids 6c, 6f and 6h exhibited IC50 values ranging between 26.29-50.51 μM. Furthermore, hybrid 6e had an IC50 value of 20.06 μM for the HEPG2 cell lines, whereas hybrids 6c, 6f, and 6h had IC50 values ranging from 26.29 to 50.51 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M H Sanad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E M Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Regioselective synthesis and theoretical calculations of Bis(pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines) linked to benzofuran units via piperazine spacer: A DFT, MM2, and MMFF94 study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Advances in the synthesis of heterocycles bearing an endocyclic urea moiety. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fesenko AA, Shutalev AD. Different pathways in the reaction of N-(tosylmethyl)-substituted ureas, thioureas, and N′-cyanoguanidines with sodium cyanide. Synthesis of α-ureido nitriles, α-ureido amides, and hydantoin imino derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fesenko AA, Yankov AN, Shutalev AD. A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen, heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Marcantoni E, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Recent synthetic applications of α-amido sulfones as precursors of N-acylimino derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Amido sulfones can be directly used as N-acylimine or N-acyliminium ion precursors in several synthetic processes aimed at the preparation of nitrogen containing compounds. This review collects the most relevant and practical utilizations of α-amido sulfones appeared in the literature after 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- 1 I-62032 Camerino
- Italy
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Fesenko AA, Grigoriev MS, Shutalev AD. A convenient stereoselective access to novel 1,2,4-triazepan-3-ones/thiones via reduction or reductive alkylation of 7-membered cyclic semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8072-8089. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective syntheses of 1-unsubstituted and 1-alkylsubstituted 1,2,4-triazepane-3-thiones/ones based on reduction or reductive alkylation of 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine-3-thiones/ones are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Fesenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly D. Shutalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
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Peters BK, Razuwika R, Samipillai M, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG, Govender T, Naicker T. An unexpected re-arrangement of the antibiotic carbapenem core to new 1,4-diazepin-5-one scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a peculiar organocatalyzed domino-reaction on the carbapenem core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron K. Peters
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Rufaro Razuwika
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Marivel Samipillai
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
- Science for Life Laboratory
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
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Charris-Molina A, Castillo JC, Macías M, Portilla J. One-Step Synthesis of Fully Functionalized Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via Isobenzofuranone Ring Opening. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12674-12681. [PMID: 29125772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of fully substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 4 has been prepared in a regioselective manner by the microwave-assisted reaction between N-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles 1 and 3-(3-oxo-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene)pentane-2,4-dione (2). This is the second reported example of a cyclocondensation reaction using substrate 2 as a 1,3-bis-electrophilic reagent. Remarkably, this synthesis offers functionalized products with acetyl and carboxyl groups in one step, in good yields, and with short reaction times. Additionally, the cyclization intermediate 3 was isolated, allowing us to postulate a mechanism for this reaction, which is initiated via isobenzofuranone ring opening of 2 in a Michael-type reaction. The structures of the products and regioselectivity of the reactions were determined on the basis of NMR measurements and X-ray diffraction. For this new reaction using substrate 2, the optimal reaction conditions and its scope were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Charris-Molina
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes , Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes , Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mario Macías
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes , Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes , Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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