1
|
Labaška M, Gál M, Mackuľak T. Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agent Nitrogen Mustard Using Ferrate (VI). TOXICS 2023; 11:559. [PMID: 37505525 PMCID: PMC10384491 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are one of the most toxic compounds. Degradation of CWAs using decontamination agents is one of the few ways to protect human health against the harmful effects of CWAs. A ferrate (VI)-based potential chemical warfare agent decontaminant was studied for the degradation of persistent nitrogen mustard (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, HN3). By optimizing the reaction conditions, the complete degradation of HN3 was achieved in 4 min. The degradation products contained mostly reduced Fe species, which confirmed the environmental friendliness of the proposed decontamination solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Labaška
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smolkin B, Levi N, Chen R. Efficient Decontamination of HD by an Electrophilic Iodine/Carboxylate Composite as an Active Sorbent. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25329-25336. [PMID: 35910097 PMCID: PMC9330146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of new and efficient decontamination methods has become more relevant in recent years, especially with regard to solid-based decontamination and detoxification systems. The majority of powders used today are dealing with the physical adsorption of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their removal from sites without actively destroying them. In this work, we have designed and developed an active solid composite matrix combining organic carboxylate salts and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) for HD decontamination via oxidation. All the reactions and mechanistic studies for the sorption and degradation of CWAs were conducted using direct polarization and cross polarization solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Performance toward the sorption and detoxification of HD was tested, exhibiting oxidation within minutes in a mild and selective manner to the nontoxic sulfoxide derivative followed by visible formation of iodine. The results indicate that carboxylate moieties in the matrix are important for stabilizing the positively charged sulfonium ion intermediate and for supplying oxygen for hydrolysis in a water-deficient environment. The NaOBz/NIS composite was shown to be the most efficient in sorbing and converting the water-insoluble agent HD to its nontoxic, water-soluble sulfoxide, which could then be removed from the site with mere water, resulting in less environmental damage and quick remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Noam Levi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheung YH, Ma K, van Leeuwen HC, Wasson MC, Wang X, Idrees KB, Gong W, Cao R, Mahle JJ, Islamoglu T, Peterson GW, de Koning MC, Xin JH, Farha OK. Immobilized Regenerable Active Chlorine within a Zirconium-Based MOF Textile Composite to Eliminate Biological and Chemical Threats. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16777-16785. [PMID: 34590851 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The most recent global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the alarming use of chemical warfare agents highlight the necessity to produce efficient protective clothing and masks against biohazard and chemical threats. However, the development of a multifunctional protective textile is still behind to supply adequate protection for the public. To tackle this challenge, we designed multifunctional and regenerable N-chlorine based biocidal and detoxifying textiles using a robust zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH2, as a chlorine carrier which can be easily coated on textile fibers. A chlorine bleaching converted the amine groups located on the MOF linker to active N-chlorine structures. The fibrous composite exhibited rapid biocidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) with up to a 7 log reduction within 5 min for each strain as well as a 5 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 within 15 min. Moreover, the active chlorine loaded MOF/fiber composite selectively and rapidly degraded sulfur mustard and its chemical simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) with half-lives less than 3 minutes. The versatile MOF-based fibrous composite designed here has the potential to serve as protective cloth against both biological and chemical threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Ha Cheung
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 122001, SAR
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karam B Idrees
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ran Cao
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John J Mahle
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gregory W Peterson
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | - John H Xin
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 122001, SAR
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Modulation of photochemical oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones using an aromatic ketone as the photocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
5
|
Mahayoni E, Min S, Kim J, Jeong K, Kim SH. Effective degradation of sulfur mustard simulant using novel sulfur-doped mesoporous zinc oxide under ambient conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125144. [PMID: 33858104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur doped metal oxides were synthesized using a two-step precipitation method. When reacted against neat 2-CEES (2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide, a mustard gas simulant) under ambient conditions, sulfur doped mesoporous zinc oxide (MS-Zn) showed higher catalytic activity than the other metal oxides with 92.7% overall conversion in 24 h for a 2.5 μL neat 2-CEES droplet added on top of 2 × 2 cm large 400 mg catalyst layer. The reaction proceeded mainly by hydrolysis and further solvolysis reaction also occurred depending on the extracting solvents. Cyclic sulfonium ion intermediate reaction was thought to be involved in this reaction, and metal oxide surfaces were thought to facilitate the formation of sulfonium ions from adsorbed 2-CEES. All other by-products were also found to form via sulfonium ions, reconfirming the well-known importance of this intermediate species for the degradation reaction to proceed. The sulfur content for MS-Zn was varied and tested for degradation of neat 2-CEES. This modification showed that there is an optimal amount of sulfur content for the peak catalytic activity of MS-Zn for 2-CEES degradation. Adsorption energy of a 2-CEES molecule was calculated on model sulfur doped and non doped zinc oxide surfaces and the different adsorption energy levels were correlated with the catalytic activity of sulfur doped zinc oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunike Mahayoni
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prihed H, Shifrovich A, Shamai Yamin T, Madmon M, Smolkin B, Chen R, Blanca M, Weissberg A. A novel approach for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry based on its selective oxidation to sulfur mustard monoxide with N-iodosuccinimide. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4721. [PMID: 33848030 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new derivatization strategy for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard (HD) via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is developed. The method incorporates selective oxidation of the sulfide group by the electrophilic iodine reagent N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) to produce sulfur mustard monoxide (HDSO). The derivatization reaction efficiencies were evaluated with acetonitrile extracts of soil, asphalt, cloth, Formica, and linoleum spiked with HD at concentrations of 50-5000 pg/ml and found to be similar to that with pure acetonitrile. The current derivatization approach is the first to preserve the identity of chloride groups and support HD regulation and evidentiary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Shifrovich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Shamai Yamin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), Ness Ziona, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shamai Yamin T, Prihed H, Madmon M, Blanca M, Weissberg A. Structural elucidation of V-type nerve agents by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4617. [PMID: 32720723 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
V-nerve agents present information-poor spectra, both in GC-EI-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS, with dominant fragments/product ions corresponding to the amine-containing residue. Hence, derivatives/isomers with the same amine residue exhibit similar mass spectral patterns, leading to ambiguity in the phosphonate structure. We present a simple approach for their structural elucidation based on two complementary experiments: ESI-MS/MS of the original compound, which provides information about the amine moiety, and ESI-MS/MS of the phosphonic acid hydrolysis products generated by N-iodosuccinimide, which provides ions' characteristic of the phosphonate structure. This approach enables the structural elucidation of the original V-agents with a higher degree of certainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Shamai Yamin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Prihed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moran Madmon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Chen B, Yang Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zeng X, Xu B. Electrochemical oxidations of thioethers: Modulation of oxidation potential using a hydrogen bonding network. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
9
|
Picard B, Chataigner I, Maddaluno J, Legros J. Introduction to chemical warfare agents, relevant simulants and modern neutralisation methods. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6528-6537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This short review presents the current main chemical warfare agents and their most relevant simulants, and the recent catalytic and selective methods for their soft neutralization, potentially usable in the future as an alternative to “heavy” methods for decontamination.
Collapse
|