1
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Kozmelj TR, Voinov MA, Grilc M, Smirnov AI, Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek E, Lucia L, Likozar B. Lignin Structural Characterization and Its Antioxidant Potential: A Comparative Evaluation by EPR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and DPPH Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9044. [PMID: 39201730 PMCID: PMC11355014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural aromatic polymer lignin and its lignin-like oligomeric fragments have attracted attention for their antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to assess the antioxidant capacity of fractionated and partially depolymerized organosolv lignin by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results show significant antioxidant activity for both the lignin and oligomeric fragments, with the EPR measurements demonstrating their efficiency in quenching the free radicals. The EPR data were analyzed to derive the kinetic rate constants. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of lignins was then determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the results were compared with the EPR method. This two-method approach improves the reliability and understanding of the antioxidant potential of lignin and its derivatives and provides valuable insights for their potential applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food preservation, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ročnik Kozmelj
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maxim A. Voinov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Edita Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (M.A.V.); (A.I.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Guo H, Cao M, Liu R, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Li S, Strehmel B, James TD, Chen Z. Photocured room temperature phosphorescent materials from lignosulfonate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1590. [PMID: 38383517 PMCID: PMC10881523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocured room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials hold great potential for practical applications but are scarcely reported. Here, we develop photocured RTP materials (P-Lig) using a combination of lignosulfonate, acrylamide, and ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide). With this design, lignosulfonate simultaneously serves as RTP chromophore and photoinitiator. Specifically, lignosulfonate in the ionic liquid generates radicals to polymerize the acrylamide upon UV irradiation. The resulting lignosulfonate is automatically confined in an as-formed crosslinked matrix to provide RTP. As such RTP with an emission lifetime of ~110 ms is observed from the confined lignosulfonate in P-Lig. Additionally, energy transfer occur between P-Lig and Rhodamine B (RhB), triggering red afterglow emission when P-Lig is in situ loaded with RhB (P-Lig/RhB). As a demonstration of potential applications, the P-Lig and P-Lig/RhB are used as photocured RTP coatings and RTP inks for fabricating 3D materials and for information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Mengnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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3
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Li ZC, Li W, Wang R, Wang DX, Tang AN, Wang XP, Gao XP, Zhao GM, Kong DM. Lignin-based covalent organic polymers with improved crystallinity for non-targeted analysis of chemical hazards in food samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130821. [PMID: 36709736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the most abundant source of renewable aromatic compounds derived from natural lignocellulosic biomass, has great potential for various applications as green materials due to its abundant active groups. However, it is still challenging to quickly construct green polymers with a certain crystallinity by utilizing lignin as a building block. Herein, new green lignin-based covalent organic polymers (LIGOPD-COPs) were one-pot fabricated with water as the reaction solvent and natural lignin as the raw material. Furthermore, by using paraformaldehyde as a protector and modulator, the LIGOPD-COPs prepared under optimized conditions displayed better crystallinity than reported lignin-based polymers, demonstrating the feasibility of preparing lignin-based polymers with improved crystallinity. The improved crystallinity confers LIGOPD-COPs with enhanced application performance, which was demonstrated by their excellent performances in sample treatment of non-targeted food safety analysis. Under optimized conditions, phytochromes, the main interfering matrices, were almost completely removed from different phytochromes-rich vegetables by LIGOPD-COPs, accompanied by "full recovery" of 90 chemical hazards. Green, low-cost, and reusable properties, together with improved crystallinity, will accelerate the industrialization and marketization of lignin-based COPs, and promote their applications in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Chao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Na Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gai-Ming Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Lignin Electrolysis at Room Temperature on Nickel Foam for Hydrogen Generation: Performance Evaluation and Effect of Flow Rate. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water electrolysis is a thermodynamically energy-intensive process. One approach employed to make water electrolysis kinetically favorable is replacing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode by facile electrooxidation of biomass-feedstocks such as ethanol, methanol, glycerol, and lignin due to the presence of readily oxidizable functional groups. In this work, we report a simplistic approach for hydrogen generation by lignin electrolysis, utilizing a low-cost nickel foam as both anode and cathode sandwiched with hydroxide ion (OH-) exchange membrane in a 3D printed reactor. The performance of the lignin electrolysis was analyzed under various flow rates of anolyte (lignin)/catholyte (KOH) in the anode and cathode chambers. The lignin electrolysis outcompetes traditional water electrolysis by achieving higher current density in the applied voltage range from 0 to 2.5 V at room temperature. The charge transfer resistance for the lignin electrolysis is lower than that of the water electrolysis characterized by impedance spectroscopy. The enhanced current density from the lignin electrolysis at low overvoltage has been presumed from the oxidation of reactive functional groups present in the lignin, facilitating faster electron transfer. Moreover, the hydrogen production rate calculated from the chronoamperometry test of the lignin electrolysis is 2.7 times higher than that of water electrolysis. Thus, the electrochemical oxidation of lignin can potentially lower the capital cost of renewable hydrogen production.
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5
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Tu Z, Wang J, Liu W, Chen Z, Huang J, Li J, Lou H, Qiu X. A fast-response biomimetic phototropic material built by a coordination-assisted photothermal domino strategy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2613-2625. [PMID: 35959764 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast-response artificial phototropic materials are a promising tool for solar energy utilisation, yet their preparation remains challenging. Herein, we report the so-called photothermal domino strategy for constructing fast-response artificial phototropic materials. In this strategy, photothermal generation, heat conduction and thermal actuation are sequentially optimised by a coordination effect. For the first time, lignin-based organic radicals boosted by this coordination effect are used to significantly enhance photothermal conversion. Interfacial coordination bonds between lignin and an elastomer matrix promote interfacial heat conduction. Light-stimulated thermal actuation is significantly improved by coordination-assisted mechanical training. The prepared biomimetic phototropic material exhibits excellent phototropic ability, with a 2.5 s light-tracking process, showing great application potential for efficient solar energy utilisation. This strategy shows great significance for fabricating high-performance intelligent phototropic materials using widely available, green raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials and Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
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6
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Argenziano R, Moccia F, Esposito R, D’Errico G, Panzella L, Napolitano A. Recovery of Lignins with Potent Antioxidant Properties from Shells of Edible Nuts by a Green Ball Milling/Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Protocol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101860. [PMID: 36290583 PMCID: PMC9598286 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic polymers endowed with potent antioxidant properties that are finding increasing applications in a variety of fields. Consequently, there is a growing need for easily available and sustainable sources, as well as for green extraction methodologies of these compounds. Herein, a ball milling/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based treatment is reported as an efficient strategy for the recovery of antioxidant lignins from the shells of edible nuts, namely chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, and pistachios. In particular, preliminarily ball-milled shells were treated with 1:2 mol/mol choline chloride:lactic acid at 120 °C for 24 h, and the extracted material was recovered in 19–27% w/w yields after precipitation by the addition of 0.01 M HCl. Extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis allowed for confirmation that the main phenolic constituents present in the shell extracts were lignins, accompanied by small amounts (0.9% w/w) of ellagic acid, in the case of chestnut shells. The recovered samples exhibited very promising antioxidant properties, particularly in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (EC50 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.19 mg/mL). These results open new perspectives for the valorization of nut shells as green sources of lignins for applications as antioxidants, e.g., in the biomedical, food, and/or cosmetic sector.
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7
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Catechol-functionalized sulfobetaine polymer for uniform zwitterionization via pH transition approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Khachatryan L, Barekati-Goudarzi M, Asatryan R, Ozarowski A, Boldor D, Lomnicki SM, Cormier SA. Metal-Free Biomass-Derived Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Bio-EPFRs) from Lignin Pyrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30241-30249. [PMID: 36061701 PMCID: PMC9434622 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess contribution of the radicals formed from biomass burning, our recent findings toward the formation of resonantly stabilized persistent radicals from hydrolytic lignin pyrolysis in a metal-free environment are presented in detail. Such radicals have particularly been identified during fast pyrolysis of lignin dispersed into the gas phase in a flow reactor. The trapped radicals were analyzed by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and high-frequency (HF) EPR spectroscopy. To conceptualize available data, the metal-free biogenic bulky stable radicals with extended conjugated backbones are suggested to categorize as a new type of metal-free environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) (bio-EPFRs). They can be originated not only from lignin/biomass pyrolysis but also during various thermal processes in combustion reactors and media, including tobacco smoke, anthropogenic sources and wildfires (forest/bushfires), and so on. The persistency of bio-EPFRs from lignin gas-phase pyrolysis was outlined with the evaluated lifetime of two groups of radicals being 33 and 143 h, respectively. The experimental results from pyrolysis of coniferyl alcohol as a model compound of lignin in the same fast flow reactor, along with our detailed potential energy surface analyses using high-level DFT and ab initio methods toward decomposition of a few other model compounds reported earlier, provide a mechanistic view on the formation of C- and O-centered radicals during lignin gas-phase pyrolysis. The preliminary measurements using HF-EPR spectroscopy also support the existence of O-centered radicals in the radical mixtures from pyrolysis of lignin possessing a high g value (2.0048).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Rubik Asatryan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Florida, Tallahassee 32310, United States
| | - Dorin Boldor
- Department
of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU AgCenter and LSU A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Slawomir M. Lomnicki
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Stephania A. Cormier
- Department
of Biological Sciences, LSU Superfund Research
Program and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
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9
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Bartolić D, Mojović M, Prokopijević M, Djikanović D, Kalauzi A, Mutavdžić D, Baošić R, Radotić K. Lignin and organic free radicals in maize (Zea mays L.) seeds in response to aflatoxin B 1 contamination: an optical and EPR spectroscopic study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2500-2505. [PMID: 34676551 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is the most dangerous of the mycotoxins that contaminate cereal seeds naturally. A stress lignin formation is linked with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species causing a change in the redox status and formation of stable organic radicals, constituting the first layer of defense. The relationship between AFB1 and changes in lignin organic free radicals in seeds is not known, nor is the part of the seed that is more targeted. Using optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated AFB1 -induced changes in lignin and organic free radicals in seeds, and whether the inner and outer seed fractions differ in response to increasing AFB1 . RESULTS Different changes in the content of lignin and free radicals with increasing AFB1 concentrations were observed in the two seed fractions. There was a significant positive linear correlation (R = 0.9923, P = 0.00005) between lignin content and AFB1 concentration in the outer fraction, and no correlation between the lignin content and the AFB1 concentration in the inner fraction. We found a positive correlation between the area of the green spectral emission component (C4) and the AFB1 concentration in the outer fraction. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the results showed, for the first time, that maize seed fractions respond differently to aflatoxin with regard to their lignin and organic free radical content. Lignin content and (C4) area may be reliable indicators for the screening of lignin changes against AFB1 content in the seeds, and thus for seed protection capacity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Bartolić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Prokopijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniela Djikanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Baošić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Qi Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Shi M, Zhao Y. High-efficient lignin-based polymerizable macromolecular photoinitiator with UV-blocking property for visible light polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:234-244. [PMID: 35124021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-efficient visible light macromolecular photoinitiator (macro PI) with excellent initiation performance, low migration, high biosafety and multi-function is beneficial to broaden the application of photopolymer. Lignin contains chromophores which could generate free radicals under light irradiation. In this study, a lignin-based polymerizable macro PI (DAL-11ene-amine) was designed and synthesized through covalent grafting 10-undecenoyl chloride (11ene) and hydrogen donor 4-(dimethylaminobenzoic acid) ethyl ester (EDAB) into dealkaline lignin (DAL) skeleton. The structure of DAL-11ene-amine was characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, and 31P NMR spectra. Under the irradiation of a 405 nm LED, DAL-11ene-amine can directly produce active species and initiate the polymerization of acrylate monomers or thiol-ene click reaction. The photoinitiation efficiency of DAL-11ene-amine is higher than that of DAL-11ene or the two-component combination of DAL-11ene and EDAB. Using DAL-11ene-amine as PI, the prepared polymer films exhibit excellent UV-blocking property. With only 0.5 wt% addition of DAL-11ene-amine, nearly 100% of UVB + UVC and the most of UVA can be blocked by the films. Moreover, DAL-11ene-amine exhibits higher migration stability and biosafety because it can be covalently linked into polymer cross-linking networks. The results indicate that DAL-11ene-amine has great application potentials in preparing environmentally friendly UV-blocking films and biosafety coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Mengquan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Li N, Sun D, Su Z, Hao X, Li M, Ren J, Peng F. Rapid fabrication of xylan-based hydrogel by graft polymerization via a dynamic lignin-Fe 3+ plant catechol system. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118306. [PMID: 34294323 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional preparation methods of the hydrogel are not only tedious but also requiring external stimuli. Here, a plant catechol-inspired self-catalytic system (sulfonated lignin and iron ion) has been introduced to rapidly trigger the graft polymerization of vinyl monomers on the carboxymethyl xylan (CMX) at room temperature, generating an elastic, UV-shield, and conductive hydrogel. The rapid preparation process can be finished at room temperature in 5 min without the removal of oxygen. The hydrogel shows charming extension ratio (up to 460%) and tensile stress (up to 23 kPa), which can be ascribed to the double network structure constructed from Fe3+ and CMX. The hydrogel exhibits great transparency (up to 85.37%), fascinating UV-blocking (up to 99%), and conductive features, thereby serving as potential human body sensors. The rapid preparation of xylan-derived hydrogels via dynamic lignin catechol chemistry may open up a new approach to high-valued utilization of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhua Su
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mingfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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13
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Wang B, Yang G, Chen J, Fang G. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using Lignin Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091869. [PMID: 32961968 PMCID: PMC7558301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have attracted enormous attention due to their special properties. The green synthesis of Au NPs from lignin would inspire the utilization of lignin and its related functional materials. In this study, a rapid preparation process of Au NPs was investigated by utilizing lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) under room temperature without chemical addition. The LNPs acted as a reducing agent, stabilizing agent, and template for the preparation of LNPs@AuNPs. The obtained LNPs@AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possible mechanism was illustrated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), 31P, XPS, and UV analyses. The abundant hydroxyl groups (24.96 mmol/g) favored the preparation of Au NPs. Au NPs diameters of 10–30 nm were well dispersed in the LNPs. The optimal reaction conditions were a ratio of 10 mg of LNPs to 0.05 mmol HAuCl4, room temperature, and a reaction time of 30 min. The LNPs@AuNPs exhibited excellent stability in the suspension for more than seven days. The reduction process could be related to the disruption of side chains of lignin, hydroxyl group oxidation, and hydroquinones and quinones from the comproportionation reaction. The LNPs@AuNPs would open a door for the design of Au NP/lignin-derived novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (G.F.)
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Guigan Fang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (G.F.)
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Liu R, Dai L, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng C, Si C. Lignin-Based Micro- and Nanomaterials and their Composites in Biomedical Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4266-4283. [PMID: 32462781 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, as the most abundant aromatic renewable biopolymer in nature, has long been regarded as waste and simply discarded from the pulp and paper industry. In recent years, with many breakthroughs in lignin chemistry, pretreatment, and processing techniques, a lot of the inherent bioactivities of lignin, including antioxidant activities, antimicrobial activities, biocompatibilities, optical properties, and metal-ion chelating and redox activities, have been discovered and this has opened a new field not only for lignin-based materials but also for biomaterials. In this Review, the biological activities of lignin and drug/gene delivery and bioimaging applications of various types of lignin-based material are summarized. In addition, the challenges and limitations of lignin-based materials encountered during the development of biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Kai Wang
- International Medicine Centre, Tianjin Hospital, 506 Jiefang South Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Chunyang Zheng
- Robustnique Co. Ltd., Block C, Phase II, Pioneer Park, Lanyuan Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 at 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
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15
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Antibacterial phase change microcapsules obtained with lignin as the Pickering stabilizer and the reducing agent for silver. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:624-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Xu M, Wu T, Tang YT, Chen T, Khachatryan L, Iyer PR, Guo D, Chen A, Lyu M, Li J, Liu J, Li D, Zuo Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Meng Y, Qi F. Environmentally persistent free radicals in PM 2.5: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1:177-197. [PMID: 34308260 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new class of pollutants that are long-lived in fine particles (PM2.5), i.e., their 1/e lifetime ranges from days to months (or even infinite). They are capable of producing harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. The redox cycling of EPFRs is considered as an important pathway for PM2.5 to induce oxidative stress inside the humans, causing adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, research regarding their toxicity, formation and environmental occurrences in PM2.5 has attracted increasing attentions globally during the past two decades. However, literature data in this field remain quite limited and discrete. Hence, an extensive review is urgently needed to summarize the current understanding of this topic. In this work, we systematically reviewed the analytical methods and environmental occurrences, e.g., types, concentrations, and decay behaviors, as well as possible sources of EPFRs in PM2.5. The types of pretreatment methods, g-values of common EPFRs and categories of decay processes were discussed in detail. Moreover, great efforts were made to revisit the original data of the published works of EPFRs in airborne particulate matter and provided additional useful information for comparison where possible, e.g., their mean and standard deviation of g-values, line widths (ΔH p-p), and concentrations. Finally, possible research opportunities were highlighted to further advance our knowledge of this emerging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.,New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.,New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Poornima Ramesh Iyer
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Dengting Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Anran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Miao Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinhu Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yuxin Zuo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yining Meng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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17
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Nagel M, Seal CE, Colville L, Rodenstein A, Un S, Richter J, Pritchard HW, Börner A, Kranner I. Wheat seed ageing viewed through the cellular redox environment and changes in pH. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:641-654. [PMID: 31092082 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1620226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate biochemical mechanisms leading to seed deterioration, we studied 23 wheat genotypes after exposure to seed bank storage for 6-16 years compared to controlled deterioration (CD) at 45 °C and 14 (CD14) and 18% (CD18) moisture content (MC) for up to 32 days. Under two seed bank storage conditions, seed viability was maintained in cold storage (CS) at 0 °C and 9% seed MC, but significantly decreased in ambient storage (AS) at 20 °C and 9% MC. Under AS and CS, organic free radicals, most likely semiquinones, accumulated, detected by electron paramagnetic resonance, while the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was partly lost and partly converted to glutathione disulphide (GSSG), detected by HPLC. Under AS the glutathione half-cell reduction potential (EGSSG/2GSH) shifted towards more oxidising conditions, from -186 to -141 mV. In seeds exposed to CD14 or CD18, no accumulation of organic free radicals was observed, GSH and seed viability declined within 32 and 7 days, respectively, GSSG hardly changed (CD14) or decreased (CD18) and EGSSG/2GSH shifted to -116 mV. The pH of extracts prepared from seeds subjected to CS, AS and CD14 decreased with viability, and remained high under CD18. Across all treatments, EGSSG/2GSH correlated significantly with seed viability (r = 0.8, p<.001). Data are discussed with a view that the cytoplasm is in a glassy state in CS and AS, but during the CD treatments, underwent transition to a liquid state. We suggest that enzymes can be active during CD but not under the seed bank conditions tested. However, upon CD, enzyme-based repair processes were apparently outweighed by deteriorative reactions. We conclude that seed ageing by CD and under seed bank conditions are accompanied by different biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louise Colville
- b Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology , Kew , UK
| | - Axel Rodenstein
- c Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Sun Un
- d Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology , Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-yvette , France
| | | | | | | | - Ilse Kranner
- e Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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18
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Plant-inspired adhesive and tough hydrogel based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles-triggered dynamic redox catechol chemistry. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1487. [PMID: 30940814 PMCID: PMC6445137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive hydrogels have gained popularity in biomedical applications, however, traditional adhesive hydrogels often exhibit short-term adhesiveness, poor mechanical properties and lack of antibacterial ability. Here, a plant-inspired adhesive hydrogel has been developed based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles (NPs)triggered dynamic redox catechol chemistry. Ag-Lignin NPs construct the dynamic catechol redox system, which creates long-lasting reductive-oxidative environment inner hydrogel networks. This redox system, generating catechol groups continuously, endows the hydrogel with long-term and repeatable adhesiveness. Furthermore, Ag-Lignin NPs generate free radicals and trigger self-gelation of the hydrogel under ambient environment. This hydrogel presents high toughness for the existence of covalent and non-covalent interaction in the hydrogel networks. The hydrogel also possesses good cell affinity and high antibacterial activity due to the catechol groups and bactericidal ability of Ag-Lignin NPs. This study proposes a strategy to design tough and adhesive hydrogels based on dynamic plant catechol chemistry.
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19
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Glasbrenner M, Vogler S, Ochsenfeld C. Linear and sublinear scaling computation of the electronic g-tensor at the density functional theory level. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glasbrenner
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigurd Vogler
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
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20
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Wang Y, Xu Q, Chen T, Li M, Feng B, Weng J, Duan K, Peng W, Wang J. A dynamic-coupling-reaction-based autonomous self-healing hydrogel with ultra-high stretching and adhesion properties. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a dynamic coupling-reaction based hydrogel that showed excellent mechanical and adhesion properties, super-high self-healing properties and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Qizhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Taijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Mian Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Ke Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Wenzhen Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Basic and Forensic Medicine Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
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21
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Yu J, Li L, Qian Y, Lou H, Yang D, Qiu X. Facile and Green Preparation of High UV-Blocking Lignin/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites for Developing Natural Sunscreens. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Shikinaka K, Nakamura M, Navarro RR, Otsuka Y. Plant-Based Antioxidant Nanoparticles without Biological Toxicity. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:709-712. [PMID: 30250777 PMCID: PMC6144725 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a function to derive non‐deteriorated nanoparticulated lignin as an antioxidant without biological toxicity that is supplied through the simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and comminution of plants. The lignin exhibits an oxygen radical absorption capacity, even in its macromolecular nature. The non‐deteriorated lignin nanoparticles never inhibit the biological activity of living things, despite their antioxidant nature. The oxygen radical absorption capacity of lignin is dependent on its botanical origin and monomeric structure. A stable organic radical in lignin is responsible for the antioxidant nature of non‐deteriorated lignin. The organic radical of non‐deteriorated lignin, which yields a distinct signal on electron spin resonance spectra, serves as a spin trap reagent that detects the emergence of short lifespan radicals as the change of radical concentration of the lignin. The presented discovery of non‐deteriorated lignin will induce not only the industrial utilization of plant biomass polymers in pharmaceuticals and reagents, but also advance our scientific understanding of the antioxidant function of native lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shikinaka
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Nigatake 4-2-1, Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8551 Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Matsunosato, 1 Tsukuba 305-8687 Japan
| | - Ronald R Navarro
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Matsunosato, 1 Tsukuba 305-8687 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Matsunosato, 1 Tsukuba 305-8687 Japan
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23
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Munk L, Andersen ML, Meyer AS. Influence of mediators on laccase catalyzed radical formation in lignin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 116:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Trubetskaya A, Larsen Andersen M, Talbro Barsberg S. The Nature of Stable Char Radicals: An ESR and DFT Study of Structural and Hydrogen Bonding Requirements. Chempluschem 2018; 83:780-786. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trubetskaya
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Limerick; Plassey Park Limerick Republic of Ireland
| | - Mogens Larsen Andersen
- Department of Food Science; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 26 1958 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Søren Talbro Barsberg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 1958 Copenhagen Denmark
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25
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Naveed KUR, Wang L, Yu H, Ullah RS, Haroon M, Fahad S, Li J, Elshaarani T, Khan RU, Nazir A. Recent progress in the electron paramagnetic resonance study of polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00689j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the contemporary research based on a tailor-made technique to understand the paramagnetic behavior of different polymer classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Haojie Yu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Raja Summe Ullah
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Jiyang Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Tarig Elshaarani
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang
- China
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26
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Montgomery JD, Lancefield CS, Miles-Barrett DM, Ackermann K, Bode BE, Westwood NJ, Lebl T. Fractionation and DOSY NMR as Analytical Tools: From Model Polymers to a Technical Lignin. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8466-8474. [PMID: 31457383 PMCID: PMC6645228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge hindering the valorization of lignin is its structural complexity. Artificial lignin-like materials provide a stepping stone between the simplicity of model compounds and the complexity of lignin. Here, we report an optimized synthesis of an all-G β-O-4 polymer 1 designed to model softwood lignin. After acetylation, the polymer Ac-1(V) was fractionated using a protocol that involved only volatile organic solvents, which left no insoluble residue. Using diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR in combination with gel permeation chromatography, it was revealed that this fractionated material behaved like a flexible linear polymer in solution (average α > 0.5). Acetylated kraft lignin was subsequently processed using the same fractionation protocol. By comparison with the model polymer, we propose that the acetylated kraft lignin is composed of two classes of materials that exhibit contrasting physical properties. One is comparable to the acetylated all-G β-O-4 polymer Ac-1, and the second has a significantly different macromolecular structure.
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27
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Khattab M, Wang F, Clayton AHA. A pH-induced conformational switch in a tyrosine kinase inhibitor identified by electronic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16271. [PMID: 29176733 PMCID: PMC5701190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a major class of drug utilised in the clinic. During transit to their cognate kinases, TKIs will encounter different pH environments that could have a major influence on TKI structure. To address this, we report UV-Vis spectroscopic and computational studies of the TKI, AG1478, as a function of pH. The electronic absorption spectrum of AG1478 shifted by 10 nm (from 342 nm to 332 nm) from acid to neutral pH and split into two peaks (at 334 nm and 345 nm) in highly alkaline conditions. From these transitions, the pKa value was calculated as 5.58 ± 0.01. To compute structures and spectra, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed along with conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) to account for implicit solvent effect. On the basis of the theoretical spectra, we could assign the AG1478 experimental spectrum at acidic pH to a mixture of two twisted conformers (71% AG1478 protonated at quinazolyl nitrogen N(1) and 29% AG1478 protonated at quinazolyl nitrogen N(3)) and at neutral pH to the neutral planar conformer. The AG1478 absorption spectrum (pH 13.3) was fitted to a mixture of neutral (70%) and NH-deprotonated species (30%). These studies reveal a pH-induced conformational transition in a TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khattab
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Feng Wang
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
- School of Chemistry (Bio21 Institute), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
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28
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Guo H, Klose D, Hou Y, Jeschke G, Burgert I. Highly Efficient UV Protection of the Biomaterial Wood by A Transparent TiO 2/Ce Xerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39040-39047. [PMID: 29028300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is widely used in sunscreens because of its strong ultraviolet (UV) light absorbing capabilities and its resistance to discoloration under UV exposure. However, when deposited as a thin film, the high refractive index of titanium dioxide typically results in whiteness and opacity, which limits the use of titanium dioxide for material surfaces, for which long-term natural appearance is of high relevance. Since the whitish appearance is due to the strong light scattering and reflection on the interface of oxide particles and air, one can increase the transparency of TiO2 coatings by forming a continuous TiO2 layer. The purpose of the present article is 2-fold. First, we show that, in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate, titanium dioxide can be turned from a white powder into a TiO2/Ce xerogel via a facile bottom-up fabrication process. Second, we demonstrate that the transparent TiO2/Ce xerogel can diminish surface deterioration induced by UV light and preserve the natural appearance of the highly abundant biomaterial wood. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy revealed that the TiO2/Ce xerogel coating suppresses free radical generation on wood surfaces upon UV irradiation. Our research expands the applicability of the protective effect of titanium dioxide to coatings for natural engineering materials, which will become increasingly important in future bioeconomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhang Guo
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich , Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuhui Hou
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich , Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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29
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Munk L, Andersen ML, Meyer AS. Direct rate assessment of laccase catalysed radical formation in lignin by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Patil SV, Argyropoulos DS. Stable Organic Radicals in Lignin: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3284-3303. [PMID: 28605169 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lignin and the quest for the origin of stable organic radicals in it have seen numerous developments. Although there have been various speculations over the years on the formation of these stable radicals, researchers have not been able to arrive at a solid, unequivocal hypothesis that applies to all treatments and types of lignin. The extreme complexity of lignin and its highly aromatic, cross-linked, branched, and rigid structure has made such efforts rather cumbersome. Since the early 1950s, researchers in this field have dedicated their efforts to the establishment of methods for the detection and determination of spin content, theoretical simulations, and reactions on model compounds and spin-trapping studies. Although a significant amount of published research is available on lignin or its model compounds and the reactive intermediates involved during various chemical treatments (pulping, bleaching, extractions, chemical modifications, etc.), the literature provides a limited view on the origin, nature, and stability of such radicals. Consequently, this review is focused on examining the origin of such species in lignin, factors affecting their presence, reactions involved in their formation, and methods for their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha V Patil
- Departments of Forest Biomaterials and Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Dimitris S Argyropoulos
- Departments of Forest Biomaterials and Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
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31
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Custodis VBF, Hemberger P, van Bokhoven JA. How Inter- and Intramolecular Reactions Dominate the Formation of Products in Lignin Pyrolysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:8658-8668. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria B. F. Custodis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich, HCI E 127; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute, WLGA 135; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation; Paul Scherrer Institute; CH-5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich, HCI E 127; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute, WLGA 135; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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32
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Ding J, Cai H, Zhong Q, Lin J, Xiao J, Zhang S, Fan M. Selective denitrification of flue gas by O3 and ethanol mixtures in a duct: Investigation of processes and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:218-229. [PMID: 26989982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel selective denitrification process, referred as O3-ethanol oxidation method, was developed by injecting O3 and ethanol mixtures into the simulated flue gas duct. The organic radicals, generated through the ethanol oxidation by O3, can oxidize NO into NO2, and finally into important industrial raw, namely, nitrate organics or aqueous nitrate acids. The residual ethanol in the tail can be recycled. The CO3(2-), HCO3(-) and SO2 in the flue gas hardly exhibit any effect on the NOX removal. Compared to the conventional O3 oxidation method, the present method shows higher selective oxidation of NO, higher NO(X) removal and less O3 consumption as well as proves lower initial investment and operating costs with more compact equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Heruijing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China; Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210091, PR China.
| | - Jiandong Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Junjun Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Shule Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China; Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210091, PR China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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