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Rana B, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Simulating the Excited-State Dynamics of Polaritons with Ab Initio Multiple Spawning. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:139-151. [PMID: 38110364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growth of interest in polaritonic chemistry, where the formation of hybrid light-matter states (polaritons) can alter the course of photochemical reactions. These hybrid states are created by strong coupling between molecules and photons in resonant optical cavities and can even occur in the absence of light when the molecule is strongly coupled with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the vacuum field. We present a first-principles model to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics of such polaritonic states inside optical cavities by leveraging graphical processing units (GPUs). Our first implementation of this model is specialized for a single molecule coupled to a single-photon mode confined inside the optical cavity but with any number of excited states computed using complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) and a Jaynes-Cummings-type Hamiltonian. Using this model, we have simulated the excited-state dynamics of a single salicylideneaniline (SA) molecule strongly coupled to a cavity photon with the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method. We demonstrate how the branching ratios of the photodeactivation pathways for this molecule can be manipulated by coupling to the cavity. We also show how one can stop the photoreaction from happening inside of an optical cavity. Finally, we also investigate cavity-based control of the ordering of two excited states (one optically bright and the other optically dark) inside a cavity for a set of molecules, where the dark and bright states are close in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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Pagacz-Kostrzewa M, Mucha K, Wierzejewska M, Filarowski A. UV Laser-Induced Phototransformations of Matrix-Isolated 5-Chloro-3-nitro-2-hydroxyacetophenone. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021546. [PMID: 36675062 PMCID: PMC9864230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational changes of 5-chloro-3-nitro-2-hydroxyacetophenone were studied by experimental and theoretical methods. Phototransformations of the compound were induced in low-temperature argon matrices by using UV radiation, which was followed by FT-IR measurements. Two types of changes within the molecule were detected: rotations of the hydroxyl and acetyl groups. A new conformer without an intramolecular hydrogen bond was generated upon irradiation with λ = 330 nm, whereas the reverse reaction was observed at 415 nm.
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Artmann K, Pollok CH, Merten C, Nuernberger P. Wavelength-dependent photochemistry of a salicylimine derivative studied with cryogenic and ultrafast spectroscopy approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:30017-30026. [PMID: 36472246 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salicylimines are versatile compounds in which an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer and torsional motions may set in upon photoexcitation. Here, we study N-(α-phenylethyl)salicylimine (PESA) to elucidate how the photochemical reaction pathways depend on the excitation wavelength and to what extent the relative photoproduct distribution can be steered towards a desired species. DFT structure and potential energy calculations disclose that the most stable ground-state conformer is an enol species and that the photodynamics may proceed differently depending on the excited state that is reached. With matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy, the predominance of the enol conformer of PESA is confirmed. Illumination of the cryogenic sample with different wavelengths shifts the ratio of enol and keto products, and by sequential irradiation a selective re- and depopulation is possible. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy further reveals that also at room temperature, the outcome of the photoreaction depends on excitation wavelength, and in combination with the calculations, it can be rationalized that the decisive step occurs within the first hundred femtoseconds. Since the ultrafast dynamics mostly match those of similar salicylimines, our findings might also apply to those systems and provide additional insight into their reported sensitivity on excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Artmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Corina H Pollok
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Merten
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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UV-induced -OCH 3 rotamerization in a matrix-isolated methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:835-847. [PMID: 35076900 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base, 4-(3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene-amino) phenol was synthesized from 4-aminophenol and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in methanol solution and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and infrared spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The compound was isolated in a cryogenic (10 K) argon matrix, and the analysis of the infrared spectrum of the matrix-isolated compound revealed that it corresponds to the E-enol-imine isomeric form, with 3 different conformers being present in the matrix. These conformers share as common structural features the conformation of the free hydroxyl group (trans relatively to the para-substituent of the ring) and the presence of an OH…N intramolecular H-bond involving the methoxy-substituted phenol ring and the azomethine bridge, while they differ in the orientation of the methoxy-substituent group. The structures and relative energies of the conformers of the molecule, and relevant barriers for their interconversion were obtained through quantum chemical calculations, which were also used to calculate the infrared spectra of the different forms. Calculations were also carried out for the higher-energy Z-enol-imine and keto-amine forms of the compound. Upon UV (230 nm) irradiation, -OCH3 rotamerization was observed, leading to conversion of the lowest energy conformer, where the methoxy group is aligned with the plane of the ring, into the other two conformers initially present in the matrix, in which the OCH3 group is out-of-the-plane of the ring. As for other phenolic compounds previously studied, spontaneous quantum mechanical tunneling conversion of the cis-OH conformers present in the gas-phase into the three observed conformers was found to take place during matrix deposition.
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Masumian E, Nowroozi A, Nikparsa P, Zargari F. Theoretical evidence for the resonance-inhibited hydrogen bonding (RIHB) in enol-imine tautomers. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hetmańczyk Ł, Szklarz P, Kwocz A, Wierzejewska M, Pagacz-Kostrzewa M, Melnikov MY, Tolstoy PM, Filarowski A. Polymorphism and Conformational Equilibrium of Nitro-Acetophenone in Solid State and under Matrix Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113109. [PMID: 34067498 PMCID: PMC8197010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational and polymorphic states in the nitro-derivative of o-hydroxy acetophenone have been studied by experimental and theoretical methods. The potential energy curves for the rotation of the nitro group and isomerization of the hydroxyl group have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) to estimate the barriers of the conformational changes. Two polymorphic forms of the studied compound were obtained by the slow and fast evaporation of polar and non-polar solutions, respectively. Both of the polymorphs were investigated by Infrared-Red (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering (IINS), X-ray diffraction, nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (NQR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. In one of the polymorphs, the existence of a phase transition was shown. The position of the nitro group and its impact on the crystal cell of the studied compound were analyzed. The conformational equilibrium determined by the reorientation of the hydroxyl group was observed under argon matrix isolation. An analysis of vibrational spectra was achieved for the interpretation of conformational equilibrium. The infrared spectra were measured in a wide temperature range to reveal the spectral bands that were the most sensitive to the phase transition and conformational equilibrium. The results showed the interrelations between intramolecular processes and macroscopic phenomena in the studied compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Hetmańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Szklarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, I14 F. Joliot-Curie st., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kwocz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, I14 F. Joliot-Curie st., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Maria Wierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, I14 F. Joliot-Curie st., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Pagacz-Kostrzewa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, I14 F. Joliot-Curie st., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, I14 F. Joliot-Curie st., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (A.K.); (M.W.); (M.P.-K.)
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-3757283
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Structural Relevance of Intramolecular H-Bonding in Ortho-Hydroxyaryl Schiff Bases: The Case of 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino) Phenol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092814. [PMID: 34068634 PMCID: PMC8126046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Schiff base compound, 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenol (abbreviated as BHAP) was synthesized and characterized by 1H- and 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies. DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were undertaken in order to explore the conformational space of both the E- and Z- geometrical isomers of the enol-imine and keto-amine tautomers of the compound. Optimized geometries and relative energies were obtained, and it was shown that the most stable species is the E-enol-imine form, which may exist in four low-energy intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded forms (I, II, V, and VI) that are almost isoenergetic. These conformers were concluded to exist in the gas phase equilibrium with nearly equal populations. On the other hand, the infrared spectra of the compound isolated in a cryogenic argon matrix (10 K) are compatible with the presence in the matrix of only two of these conformers (conformers II and V), while conformers I and VI convert to these ones by quantum mechanical tunneling through the barrier associated with the rotation of the OH phenolic group around the C–O bond. The matrix isolation infrared spectrum was then assigned and interpreted with help of the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculated infrared spectra for conformers II and V. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed on the most stable conformer of the experimentally relevant isomeric form (E-enol-imino conformer V) to shed light on details of its electronic structure. This investigation stresses the fundamental structural relevance of the O–H···N intramolecular H-bond in o-hydroxyaryl Schiff base compounds.
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Barboza CA, Gawrys P, Banasiewicz M, Suwinska K, Sobolewski AL. Photophysical transformations induced by chemical substitution to salicylaldimines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6698-6705. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of electron-acceptor strength and microenvironment polarity on the photophysical properties of salicylaldimines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Gawrys
- Physics Institute
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Kinga Suwinska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw
- Warsaw
- Poland
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A multi-technique investigation of a new macroacyclic Schiff base ligand and its Cd(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Photochromic cycle of two N-salicylidene-p-X-anilines revealed by the dynamics over 10 orders of magnitude. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Effect of Nonplanarity on Excited-State Proton Transfer and Internal Conversion in Salicylideneaniline. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5555-5562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Avadanei M, Cozan V, Avadanei O. Solvatochromic properties of two related N-salicylidenanilines with dual fluorescence. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Avadanei M, Tigoianu R, Serpa C, Pina J, Cozan V. Conformational aspects of the photochromic reactivity of two N-salicylidene aniline derivatives in a polymer matrix. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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