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Jing S, Wu X, Niu D, Wang J, Leung CH, Wang W. Recent Advances in Organometallic NIR Iridium(III) Complexes for Detection and Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:256. [PMID: 38202839 PMCID: PMC10780525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are emerging as a promising tool in the area of detection and therapy due to their prominent photophysical properties, including higher photostability, tunable phosphorescence emission, long-lasting phosphorescence, and high quantum yields. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to develop novel near-infrared (NIR) iridium(III) complexes to improve signal-to-noise ratio and enhance tissue penetration. In this review, we summarize different classes of organometallic NIR iridium(III) complexes for detection and therapy, including cyclometalated ligand-enabled NIR iridium(III) complexes and NIR-dye-conjugated iridium(III) complexes. Moreover, the prospects and challenges for organometallic NIR iridium(III) complexes for targeted detection and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Jing
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dou Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Ortega-Forte E, Hernández-García S, Vigueras G, Henarejos-Escudero P, Cutillas N, Ruiz J, Gandía-Herrero F. Potent anticancer activity of a novel iridium metallodrug via oncosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:510. [PMID: 36066676 PMCID: PMC9448686 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncosis (from Greek ónkos, meaning "swelling") is a non-apoptotic cell death process related to energy depletion. In contrast to apoptosis, which is the main form of cell death induced by anticancer drugs, oncosis has been relatively less explored but holds potential to overcome drug resistance phenomena. In this study, we report a novel rationally designed mitochondria-targeted iridium(III) complex (OncoIr3) with advantageous properties as a bioimaging agent. OncoIr3 exhibited potent anticancer activity in vitro against cancer cells and displayed low toxicity to normal dividing cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-based assays confirmed an apoptosis-independent mechanism involving energy depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular swelling that matched with the oncotic process. Furthermore, a Caenorhabditis elegans tumoral model was developed to test this compound in vivo, which allowed us to prove a strong oncosis-derived antitumor activity in animals (with a 41% reduction of tumor area). Indeed, OncoIr3 was non-toxic to the nematodes and extended their mean lifespan by 18%. Altogether, these findings might shed new light on the development of anticancer metallodrugs with non-conventional modes of action such as oncosis, which could be of particular interest for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega-Forte
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Henarejos-Escudero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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Busto N, Vigueras G, Cutillas N, García B, Ruiz J. Inert cationic iridium(III) complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands: application in antimicrobial inactivation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9653-9663. [PMID: 35713595 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00752e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of a new series of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes of the type [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)][PF6] (C^N = deprotonated 2-phenylbenzimidazole-κN, κC; N^N = phen (Ir1), dpq (Ir2), dppz (Ir3), dppn (Ir4), and dppz-idzo (Ir5)) was studied towards two Gram positive (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative (Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) multidrug-resistant bacterial strains of clinical interest. Although the complexes were inactive towards Gram negative bacteria, their effectiveness against Gram positive strains was remarkable, especially for Ir1 and Ir2, the most bactericidal complexes that were even more active (10 times) than the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin and displayed no toxicity in human kidney cells (HEK293). Mechanistic studies revealed that the cell wall and membrane of MRSA S. aureus remained intact on treatment with these compounds and that DNA was not their main target. It is important to note that the complexes were able to induce ROS generation, this being the feature key to their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001, Burgos, Spain. .,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Burgos, Hospital Militar, Paseo de los Comendadores, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Nguyen TLA, Dao DQ. From green to near-infrared emission of cyclometalated Iridium (III) complexes modified with flavonoids: a theoretical insight. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2026509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Le Anh Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
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Vigueras G, Markova L, Novohradsky V, Marco A, Cutillas N, Kostrhunova H, Kasparkova J, Ruiz J, Brabec V. A photoactivated Ir(iii) complex targets cancer stem cells and induces secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns in melanoma cells characteristic of immunogenic cell death. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00856k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The new iridium complex selectively targets cancer stem cells and has potential to induce immunogenic cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alicia Marco
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gayen P, Das U, Banerjee S. Effect of Main Versus Ancillary Ligand Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of a Series of Ir(III) Complexes: A Detailed Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4654-4665. [PMID: 32438808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, PIN- 712258 West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjwal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Sarsuna College, 4/HB/A, Ho-Chi-Minh Sarani, PIN-700061 Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Salt Lake, Sector-3, Kolkata, PIN-700106 West Bengal, India
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