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Kumar P, Purohit R. Driving forces and large scale affinity calculations for piperine/γ-cyclodxetrin complexes: Mechanistic insights from umbrella sampling simulation and DFT calculations. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122350. [PMID: 39048216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Piperine (PiP), a bioactive molecule, exhibits numerous health benefits and is frequently employed as a co-delivery agent with various phytomedicines (e.g., curcumin) to enhance their bioavailability. This is attributed to PiP's inhibitory activity against drug-metabolizing proteins, notably CYP3A4. Nevertheless, PiP encounters solubility challenges addressed in this study using cyclodextrins (CDs). Specifically, γ-CD and its derivatives, Hydroxypropyl-γ-CD (HP-γ-CD), and Octakis (6-O-sulfo)-γ-CD (Octakis-S-γ-CD), were employed to form supramolecular complexes with PiP. The conformational space of the complexes was assessed through 1 μs molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling. Additionally, quantum mechanical calculations using wB97X-D dispersion-corrected DFT functional and 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set were conducted on the complexes to examine the thermodynamics and kinetic stability. Results indicated that Octakis-S-γ-CD exhibits superior host capabilities for PiP, with the most favorable complexation energy (-457.05 kJ/mol), followed by HP-γ-CD (-249.16 kJ/mol). Furthermore, two conformations of the Octakis-S-γ-CD/PiP complex were explored to elucidate the optimal binding orientation of PiP within the binding pocket of Octakis-S-γ-CD. Supramolecular chemistry relies significantly on non-covalent interactions. Therefore, our investigation extensively explores the critical atoms involved in these interactions, elucidating the influence of substituted groups on the stability of inclusion complexes. This comprehensive analysis contributes to emphasizing the γ-CD derivatives with improved host capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Rajamohan R, Kamaraj E, Muthuraja P, Murugavel K, Govindasamy C, Prabakaran DS, Malik T, Lee YR. Enhancing ketoprofen's solubility and anti-inflammatory efficacy with safe methyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21516. [PMID: 39277667 PMCID: PMC11401905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved solubility and anti-inflammatory (AI) properties are imperative for enhancing the effectiveness of poorly water-soluble drugs, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To address these critical issues, our focus is on obtaining NSAID materials in the form of inclusion complexes (IC) with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD). Ketoprofen (KTP) is selected as the NSAID for this study due to its potency in treating various types of pain, inflammation, and arthritis. Our objective is to tackle the solubility challenge followed by enhancing the AI activity. Confirmation of complexation is achieved through observing changes in the absorbance and fluorescence intensities of KTP upon the addition of MCD, indicating a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Phase solubility studies demonstrated improved dissolution rates after the formation of ICs. Further analysis of the optimized IC is conducted using FT-IR, NMR, FE-SEM, and TG/DTA techniques. Notable shifts in chemical shift values and morphological alterations on the surface of the ICs are observed compared to their free form. Most significantly, the IC exhibited superior AI and anti-arthritic (AA) activity compared to KTP alone. These findings highlight the potential of ICs in expanding the application of KTP, particularly in pharmaceuticals, where enhanced stability and efficacy of natural AIs and AAs are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Rajamohan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eswaran Kamaraj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Perumal Muthuraja
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuppusamy Murugavel
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, Chidambaram, 608 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India, 144411.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar P, Bhardwaj VK, Purohit R. Highly robust quantum mechanics and umbrella sampling studies on inclusion complexes of curcumin and β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121432. [PMID: 37940299 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of curcumin (CUR) obstructs its wide utilization in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical companies. This study is dedicated to investigate the stability of CUR inside the hydrophobic pocket of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD), and 2,6-Di-O-methyl-β-CD (DM-β-CD). Initially, molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and subsequently quantum mechanical (QM) calculations were performed on inclusion complexes to strengthen the MM results. We performed microsecond timescale MD simulations to observe the structural dynamics of CUR inside the cavity of CDs. We elucidated the most stable binding orientations of CUR inside the cavity of CDs based on binding free energy obtained from the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and umbrella sampling simulations. Furthermore, the two-layered ONIOM (B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p):PM7) method with CPCM implicit water model was used to derive the complete energetics and thermodynamics of inclusion complexes at 1:1 stoichiometry. Each inclusion reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. The chemical reactivity and kinetic stability of inclusion complexes were described by HOMO-LUMO molecular orbital energies. In conclusion, our studies revealed that HP-β-CD had the highest binding affinity for CUR with the most negative complexation energy (-6520.69 kJ/mol) and Gibb's free energy change (-6448.20 kJ/mol). The atomic-level investigation of noncovalent interactions between CUR and the hydroxypropyl groups in HP-β-CD/CUR complex may be helpful to drive new derivatives of HP-β-CD with better host capacity. The computational strategy adopted here might serve as a benchmark for increasing the solubility of numerous clinically significant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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Promkatkaew M, Boonsri P, Suramitr S, Karpkird T, Wolschann P, Hannongbua S. Stability improvement of UV-filter between methoxy cinnamic acid derivatives and cyclodextrins inclusion complexes based on DFT and TD-DFT investigations. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108619. [PMID: 37666055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Structures and UV-vis absorption spectra of the host-guest interaction of the methoxy cinnamic acid (MCA) derivatives and cyclodextrins (CDs) were performed by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. All geometries of MCA derivatives (4-MCA, 245-MCA, 246-MCA), three types of CD (αCD, βCD, γCD), and five host-guest inclusion complexes between MCA and CD consisting of 4-MCA/αCD (1), 4-MCA/βCD (2), 245-MCA/βCD (3), 246-MCA/βCD (4), and 246-MCA/γCD (5) were fully optimized by using the M06-2X/6-31G (d,p) levels of theory. Two orientations (A and B) of the MCA guest molecule were considered. Upon examining the optimized geometry, five complexes of the methoxy cinnamic acid molecules are located inside the cavity of CD. Orientation B was more stable than orientation A because of the stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group of CD and the carboxylic group of MCA. The results indicated that the intermolecular hydrogen bond is mainly the driving force of formation between methoxy cinnamic acid and cyclodextrins. To reveal the host-guest interaction that is relevant to UV-filter compounds, the UV-vis absorption spectra were performed using TD-DFT calculations. The obtained results confirmed that orientation B is the most stable orientation and can absorb in both UVB and UVA regions which is similar to the parent MCA. Therefore, this knowledge will bring to understand the host-guest interaction between methoxy cinnamic acid and cyclodextrin complexes. The theoretical results are expected to provide valuable information for improving the stability of further UV-filter compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinee Promkatkaew
- Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Chonburi, 20230, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Boonsri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Songwut Suramitr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitinun Karpkird
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Supa Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Current Status of Quantum Chemical Studies of Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123874. [PMID: 35744998 PMCID: PMC9229288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the application of various quantum chemical methods (semi-empirical, density functional theory (DFT), second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2)) in the studies of cyclodextrin host-guest complexes. The details of applied approaches such as functionals, basis sets, dispersion corrections or solvent treatment methods are analyzed, pointing to the best possible options for such theoretical studies. Apart from reviewing the ways that the computations are usually performed, the reasons for such studies are presented and discussed. The successful applications of theoretical calculations are not limited to the determination of stable conformations but also include the prediction of thermodynamic properties as well as UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectra. It has been shown that quantum chemical calculations, when applied to the studies of CD complexes, can provide results unobtainable by any other methods, both experimental and computational.
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