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Miura T, Funada M, Shimoi Y, Morita H. Simulation Study of the Effect of Nanoporous Surfaces on the Adhesion Properties of Cross-Linked Polymer Networks. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8496-8508. [PMID: 37733722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of surface nanopores on the adhesion behavior between cross-linked polymer networks and metal substrates by molecular dynamics simulations. By increasing the cross-linking ratio of the polymer network, the fracture behavior in tensile mode changed from cohesive failure to interfacial failure. In the case of polymers without cross-links, the breaking strengths were almost the same for systems with flat and porous metal substrates. Conversely, in the case of cross-linked polymer networks, the tensile behavior for the porous metal substrates depended on the cross-linking ratio and structure of the polymer chains. For polymer networks consisting of long polymer chains, the force curves in extension mode before the yield points were almost the same for the systems regardless of the surface roughness caused by nanopores. Meanwhile, for highly cross-linked resin networks consisting of short rigid molecules, the yielding strength of the porous metal surfaces showed slightly higher values than that of the flat metal surfaces. The simulation results revealed that the adhesion behavior between cross-linked polymer networks and rough metal surfaces is related not only to the interfacial area but also to the detailed networking topology of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Maki Funada
- Innovative Structural Materials Association (ISMA), AIST Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shimoi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Ogata S, Uranagase M. Protonation of Strained Epoxy Resin under Wet Conditions via First-Principles Calculations Using the H +-Shift Method. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2629-2638. [PMID: 36917503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A significant challenge in adhesive bonding is the accelerated breaking of stretched adhesives under wet conditions, which is known as cohesive failure. One group of commonly used adhesives consists of the amine-cured epoxy resins. Based on deprotonation free-energy calculations of the unstrained resin in water, it has recently been proposed that these adhesives can undergo failure through breakage originating at the protonated amine group under neutral or acidic conditions [J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125, 8989-8996]. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the degree of protonation of the amine group under both stretched and compressed conditions by devising a robust first-principles protonation calculation method applicable to strained materials. It was found that the amine group was partially protonated in neutral water at 298 K and that the amine group was protonated when the epoxy resin was stretched to a greater extent in water, and vice versa. These findings support the physicochemical cause of cohesive failure due to protonation of the amine group in the stretched amine-cured epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uranagase
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Miura T, Shimoi Y, Hasegawa K, Takagi K, Yamazaki N, Matsuki T, Harada Y, Ohkubo M. Simulation Study of the Effects of Interfacial Bonds on Adhesion and Fracture Behavior of Epoxy Resin Layers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11044-11057. [PMID: 34551255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion and fracture behavior of tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM)/4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (44DDS)-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/44DDS layer interfaces were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, mainly focusing on the role of covalent and noncovalent interactions. To accurately investigate the bond dissociation processes, the force field parameters of several bond potentials of the epoxy resin polymers were optimized by density functional theory calculations. In the MD simulations under a tensile load, small voids gradually developed without covalent bond dissociation in the plateau region. In the final large strain region, the stress rapidly increased with bond breaking, leading to failure. When the chemical bonds across the interface between the two layers were removed, the stress-strain curve in the initial elastic region was almost the same as that with interfacial bonds. This showed that the nonbonded interactions governed adhesion strength in the initial elastic region. In contrast, the bonded interactions at interfaces played important roles in the hardening regions because the bonded interactions made the major contribution to the fracture energies. We also investigated the effect of the etherification reaction in cross-linking. It was found that the etherification reaction mainly contributed to the behavior in the late region with large strain. These simulation results revealed that the nonbonded interactions, especially, van der Waals interactions, are important factors for adhesion of the different polymer layers in the small strain region up to the yield point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shimoi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Research & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi 455-8515, Japan
| | - Kiyoka Takagi
- Fixed Wing Aircraft Engineering Department, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Toyoyama, Aichi 480-0202, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamazaki
- Research & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-8401, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masataka Ohkubo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Ogata S, Uranagase M, Takahashi Y, Kishi T. First-Principles Calculations of the Protonation and Weakening of Epoxy Resin under Wet Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8989-8996. [PMID: 34319721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protonation of the amine group in epoxy resins prepared using amine-based curing agents by theoretical methods. Density functional theory (DFT)-based free-energy calculations of the corresponding deprotonation subreactions showed that the amine group of the epoxy resin is protonated at equilibrium depending on the location of the amine group when the epoxy resin is embedded in water under standard conditions. Additional DFT calculations demonstrate that the energetic barrier for breaking the ether bond of the epoxy resin is lowered by about 0.6 eV as a result of the cooperative effect of H2O dissociation and that the transition-state energy for breaking the amine group bond is lowered by about 0.4 eV after the protonation of the amine group. Comparing the transition-state energies, we predict that the bond breakage of the protonated amine groups is the principal process causing the weakening of epoxy resins under wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uranagase
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Technical Development Group, Kobe Steel, Ltd., 5-5, Takatsukadai 1-chome, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kishi
- Technical Development Group, Kobe Steel, Ltd., 5-5, Takatsukadai 1-chome, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
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Heydari M, Sharif F, Ebrahimi M. Bioinspired pressure-sensitive adhesive: evaluation of the effect of dopamine methacrylamide comonomer as a general property modifier using molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20557-20569. [PMID: 35479894 PMCID: PMC9033950 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of catechol-containing comonomers as a general property enhancer to achieve unique properties has received particular attention for designing bioinspired polymeric materials. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the role of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and N-phenethyl methacrylamide (PMA) comonomers in chain conformation and their effects on the mechanical properties and adhesion of poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) copolymer. Addition of 4% by weight of DMA comonomer in the terpolymer structure reduces the gyration radius of the poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) copolymer. This reduction is due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions. A further increase in the DMA up to 12.2% by weight increases the radius of gyration by 5%. The effect of PMA on the gyration radius of the poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) copolymer is more extensive, compared to DMA. While DMA enhances both van der Waals and electrostatic components of the cohesive energy density through increasing π–π interactions and hydrogen bond formations, PMA only improves the van der Waals component. Assessment of mechanical properties revealed that the addition of DMA comonomer resulted in a transition from brittle to tough behavior in poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) pressure-sensitive adhesive. Ductility index improvement by DMA is higher than that by PMA. DMA comonomers accumulate on the silica surface resulting in the terpolymer chains approaching the dry silica surface from the hydroxyl groups of the catechol. Accumulation of DMA only enhances the cohesive energy and does not improve the adhesive energy. The use of catechol-containing comonomers as a general property enhancer to achieve unique properties has received particular attention for designing bioinspired polymeric materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Heydari
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Morteza Ebrahimi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
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Kinjo T, Yoneyama H, Umemoto K. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fracture at a Polymer and Metal Oxide Joining Interface. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kinjo
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192
| | - Hiroaki Yoneyama
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192
| | - Kazuhiko Umemoto
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192
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