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Pan J, Xu W, Li W, Chen S, Dai Y, Yu S, Zhou Q, Xia F. Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors with Tunable Detection Range. Anal Chem 2023; 95:420-432. [PMID: 36625123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Radwan O, Brothers MC, Coyle V, Chapleau ME, Chapleau RR, Kim SS, Ruiz ON. Electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of fungal contamination in fuel systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Sykes KS, White RJ. Effects of Nucleic Acid Structural Heterogeneity on the Electrochemistry of Tethered Redox Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7322-7330. [PMID: 35639972 PMCID: PMC10150402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cation condensation-induced collapse of electrode-bound nucleic acids and the resulting change in the electrochemical signal is a useful tool to predict the structure and redox probe location of heterogeneous structures of surface-tethered DNA probes─a common architecture employed in the development of electrochemical sensors. In this paper, we measure the faradaic current of an appended redox molecule at the 3' position of the nucleic acid using cyclic voltammetry before and after nucleic acid collapse for various nucleic acid architectures and heterogeneous mixtures on the same electrode surface. The voltammetric peak current change with collapse correlates with the proximity of the redox molecules from the surface. For stem-loop probes, the terminal methylene blue is initially held closer to the surface, such that inducing collapse, by reducing the dielectric permittivity of the interrogation solution, results in a ∼30% increase in current. However, when incorporating pseudoknot probes that hold methylene blue further away from the electrode surface, the current change is much larger (∼120%), indicating a larger conformation change. Upon a 50:50 ratio of the two, we observe a change in current that relates to the ratiometric distribution of the probe used to make the surfaces. Additionally, using cyclic voltammetry, we find that the change between diffusion-limited and diffusion-independent peak currents is dependent upon the distinct structural characteristics of DNA probes on the surface (stem-loop or pseudoknot), as well as the ratios of different DNA probes on the surface. Thus, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous nature of DNA probes governs the corresponding electrochemical signals, which can lead to a better understanding on how to predict the structures of functional nucleic acids on electrode surfaces and how this affects surface-to-surface variability and electrochemical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana S. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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4
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Chen ZM, Mou Q, Wu SH, Xie Y, Salminen K, Sun JJ. Real-Time Tunable Dynamic Range for Calibration-Free Biomolecular Measurements with a Temperature-Modulated Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor in an Unprocessed Actual Sample. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1397-1405. [PMID: 34962777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sensing technologies for monitoring molecular analytes in biological fluids with high frequency and in real time could enable a broad range of applications in personalized healthcare and clinical diagnosis. However, due to the limited dynamic range (less than 81-fold), real-time analysis of biomolecular concentration varying over multiple orders of magnitude is a severe challenge faced by this class of analytical platforms. For the first time, we describe here that temperature-modulated electrochemical aptamer-based sensors with a dynamically adjustable calibration-free detection window could enable continuous, real-time, and accurate response for the several-hundredfold target concentration changes in unprocessed actual samples. Specifically, we could regulate the electrode surface temperature of sensors to obtain the corresponding dynamic range because of the temperature-dependent affinity variations. This temperature modulation method relies on an alternate hot and cold electrode reported by our group, whose surface could actively be heated and cooled without the need for altering ambient temperature, thus likewise applying for the flowing system. We then performed dual-frequency calibration-free measurements at different interface temperatures, thus achieving an extended detection window from 25 to 2500 μM for procaine in undiluted urine, 1-500 μM for adenosine triphosphate, and 5-2000 μM for adenosine in undiluted serum. The resulting sensor architecture could drastically expand the real-time response range accessible to these continuous, reagent-less biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Mou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Kalle Salminen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Jun Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
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5
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Zhao M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Cao J, She Y, Cao Z, Li G, Wang J, Abd El-Aty AM. Recognition elements based on the molecular biological techniques for detecting pesticides in food: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-24. [PMID: 34852703 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2009762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive use of pesticides can cause contamination of the environment and agricultural products that are directly threatening human life and health. Therefore, in the process of food safety supervision, it is crucial to conduct sensitive and rapid detection of pesticide residues. The recognition element is the vital component of sensors and methods for fast testing pesticide residues in food. Improper recognition elements may lead to defects of testing methods, such as poor stability, low sensitivity, high economic costs, and waste of time. We can use the molecular biological technique to address these challenges as a good strategy for recognition element production and modification. Herein, we review the molecular biological methods of five specific recognition elements, including aptamers, genetic engineering antibodies, DNAzymes, genetically engineered enzymes, and whole-cell-based biosensors. In addition, the application of these identification elements combined with biosensor and immunoassay methods in actual detection was also discussed. The purpose of this review was to provide a valuable reference for further development of rapid detection methods for pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Hebei Xiangzhi Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China.,Core Facilities and Centers of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongan Zhu
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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6
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Sykes KS, White RJ. Nucleic Acid Identity, Structure, and Flexibility Affect the Electrochemical Signal of Tethered Redox Molecules upon Biopolymer Collapse. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12466-12475. [PMID: 34644498 PMCID: PMC10150403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that cation condensation can induce the collapse of surface-bound nucleic acids and that the electrochemical signal from a tethered redox molecule (methylene blue) upon collapse reports on nucleic acid identity, structure, and flexibility. Furthermore, the correlation of the electrochemical signal and structure is consistent with theoretical considerations of nucleic acid collapse. Changes in solution dielectric permittivity or the concentration of trivalent cations cause the structure of nucleic acids to become more compact due to an increase in attractive electrostatic interactions between the charged biopolymer backbone and multivalent ions in the solution. Consequently, the compaction of nucleic acids results in a change in the dynamics and location of the terminally appended redox marker, which is reflected in the faradaic current measured using cyclic voltammetry. In comparison to ssDNA, nucleic acid duplexes (dsDNA, DNA/peptide nucleic acid, and dsRNA) require nucleic-acid-composition-specific solution conditions for the collapse to occur. Moreover, the magnitude of current increase observed after the collapse is different for each nucleic structure, and we find here that these changes are dictated by physical parameters of the nucleic acids including the axial charge spacing and the periodicity of the helix. The work here aims to provide quantitative and predicative measures of the effects of the nucleic acid structure on the electrochemical signal produced from distal-end appended redox markers. This architecture is commonly employed in functional nucleic acid sensors and a better understanding of structure-to-signal correlations will enable the rational design of sensitive sensing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana S. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
- Corresponding Author
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7
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Rhouati A, Marty JL, Vasilescu A. Electrochemical biosensors combining aptamers and enzymatic activity: Challenges and analytical opportunities. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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A novel miniaturized homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensing platform combining integrated microelectrode and functional nucleic acids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1158:338415. [PMID: 33863408 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized platform combining integrated microelectrode (IME) and functional nucleic acids was developed for homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensing. IME was constructed with a carbon fiber microelectrode and a platinum wire in a θ type glass tube as a two-electrode system for electrochemical monitoring at microliter level. A newly reported G-triplex/methylene blue (G3/MB) complex was used as the signal generator in the homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensor. G3 has strong affinity with MB and it can cause significant decrease of the diffusion current of MB after binding. Melamine was chosen as the model target. Since melamine can interact with nucleobase thymine (T) to form T-melamine-T structure through complementary hydrogen bonds, a single-strand functional DNA hairpin structure with poly T and G3 elaborately blocked via base pairing was designed. The presence of melamine can trigger the conformation switching of the DNA hairpin to release the G3. The released G3 combined with MB could therefore change the diffusion current, leading to a simple and rapid detection of melamine. The combination of functional DNA hairpin as target recognition element, G3/MB as signal generator, and IME as transducer provided a "Mix and Measure" miniaturized platform for the construction of homogeneous label-free electrochemical biosensors.
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9
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Canoura J, Yu H, Alkhamis O, Roncancio D, Farhana R, Xiao Y. Accelerating Post-SELEX Aptamer Engineering Using Exonuclease Digestion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:805-816. [PMID: 33378616 PMCID: PMC7855447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process enables the isolation of aptamers from random oligonucleotide libraries. However, it is generally difficult to identify the best aptamer from the resulting sequences, and the selected aptamers often exhibit suboptimal affinity and specificity. Post-SELEX aptamer engineering can improve aptamer performance, but current methods exhibit inherent bias and variable rates of success or require specialized instruments. Here, we describe a generalizable method that utilizes exonuclease III and exonuclease I to interrogate the binding properties of small-molecule-binding aptamers in a rapid, label-free assay. By analyzing an ochratoxin-binding DNA aptamer and six of its mutants, we determined that ligand binding alters the exonuclease digestion kinetics to an extent that closely correlates with the aptamer's ligand affinity. We then utilized this assay to enhance the binding characteristics of a DNA aptamer which binds indiscriminately to ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine. We screened 13 mutants derived from this aptamer against all these analogues and identified two new high-affinity aptamers that solely bind to adenosine. We incorporated these two aptamers directly into an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor, which achieved a detection limit of 1 μM adenosine in 50% serum. We also confirmed the generality of our method to characterize target-binding affinities of protein-binding aptamers. We believe our approach is generalizable for DNA aptamers regardless of sequence, structure, and length and could be readily adapted into an automated format for high-throughput engineering of small-molecule-binding aptamers to acquire those with improved binding properties suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniel Roncancio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Rifat Farhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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10
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Abstract
It is challenging to tune the response of biosensors to a set of ligands, for example, cross-reactivity to a given target family while maintaining high specificity against interferents, due to the lack of suitable bioreceptors. We present a novel approach for controlling the cross-reactivity of biosensors by employing defined mixtures of aptamers that have differing binding properties. As a demonstration, we develop assays for the specific detection of a family of illicit designer drugs, the synthetic cathinones, with customized responses to each target ligand and interferent. We first use a colorimetric dye-displacement assay to show that the binding spectra of dual-aptamer mixtures can be tuned by altering the molar ratio of these bioreceptors. Optimized assays achieve broad detection of synthetic cathinones with minimal response toward interferents and generally demonstrate better sensing performance than assays utilizing either aptamer alone. The generality of this strategy is demonstrated with a dual-aptamer electrochemical sensor. Our approach enables customization of biosensor responsiveness to an extent that has yet to be achieved through any previously reported aptamer engineering techniques such as sequence mutation or truncation. Since multiple aptamers for the designated target family can routinely be identified via high-throughput sequencing, we believe our strategy offers a generally applicable method for generating near-ideal aptamer biosensors for various analytical applications, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jordan Moliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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11
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Shaver A, Curtis SD, Arroyo-Currás N. Alkanethiol Monolayer End Groups Affect the Long-Term Operational Stability and Signaling of Electrochemical, Aptamer-Based Sensors in Biological Fluids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11214-11223. [PMID: 32040915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors achieve highly precise measurements of specific molecular targets in untreated biological fluids. This unique ability, together with their measurement frequency of seconds or faster, has enabled the real-time monitoring of drug pharmacokinetics in live animals with unprecedented temporal resolution. However, one important weakness of E-AB sensors is that their bioelectronic interface degrades upon continuous electrochemical interrogation-a process typically seen as a drop in faradaic and an increase in charging currents over time. This progressive degradation limits their in vivo operational life to 12 h at best, a period that is much shorter than the elimination half-life of the vast majority of drugs in humans. Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel E-AB interfaces that resist continuous electrochemical interrogation in biological fluids for prolonged periods. In response, our group is pursuing the development of better packed, more stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to improve the signaling and extend the operational life of in vivo E-AB sensors from hours to days. By invoking hydrophobicity arguments, we have created SAMs that do not desorb from the electrode surface in aqueous physiological solutions and biological fluids. These SAMs, formed from 1-hexanethiol solutions, decrease the voltammetric charging currents of E-AB sensors by 3-fold relative to standard monolayers of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol, increase the total faradaic current, and alter the electron transfer kinetics of the platform. Moreover, the stability of our new SAMs enables uninterrupted, continuous E-AB interrogation for several days in biological fluids, like undiluted serum, at a physiological temperature of 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shaver
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Samuel D Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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12
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Challenges in Electrochemical Aptasensors and Current Sensing Architectures Using Flat Gold Surfaces. CHEMOSENSORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, reagentless aptamer biosensors, named aptasensors, have shown significant advancements. Particularly, electrochemical aptasensors could change the field of biosensors in this era, where digitalization seems to be a common goal of many fields. Biomedical devices are integrating electronic technologies for detecting pathogens, biomolecules, small molecules, and ions, and the physical-chemical properties of nucleic acid aptamers makes them very interesting for these devices. Aptamers can be easily synthesized and functionalized with functional groups for immobilization and with redox chemical groups that allow for the conversion of molecular interactions into electrical signals. Furthermore, non-labeled aptamers have also been utilized. This review presents the current challenges involved in aptasensor architectures based on gold electrodes as transducers.
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13
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Sykes KS, Oliveira LFL, Stan G, White RJ. Electrochemical Studies of Cation Condensation-Induced Collapse of Surface-Bound DNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12962-12970. [PMID: 31509702 PMCID: PMC6823840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to control and electrochemically monitor nucleic acid conformation by inducing collapse of short, surface-bound nucleotides (7-28 nucleotides). More specifically, we monitored changes in a 5'-electrode-bound DNA structure via changes in the faradaic current related to the reduction/oxidation of a 3'-terminal-appended redox molecule. Reversible DNA collapse was induced by cation condensation achieved by either reducing the dielectric permittivity of the interrogation solution or by the addition of multivalent cations such as the polyamine spermidine (3+). Additionally, we find that while the change in electrochemical signal associated with surface bound DNA collapse is dependent on nucleic acid length and surface packing density, the solution conditions (e.g., dielectric permittivity) required for collapse remain constant. As such, we find that collapse of the short DNA strands occurs when the effective charge of the DNA backbone is ∼73-89% neutralized by cations in solution/buffer, according to Manning's theory on cation condensation. This work provides new insight into the structure function relationship of surface-bound nucleic acids and how this is manifested in electrochemical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana S. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - George Stan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding author: Ryan J. White
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14
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Xiao M, Lai W, Man T, Chang B, Li L, Chandrasekaran AR, Pei H. Rationally Engineered Nucleic Acid Architectures for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11631-11717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Man
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Arun Richard Chandrasekaran
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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15
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Kang J, Yeom G, Jang H, Oh J, Park CJ, Kim MG. Development of Replication Protein A-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Detection of Disease Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10001-10007. [PMID: 31269392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) using conventional sandwich-type immunoassays are one of the most commonly used point-of-care (PoC) tests. However, the application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in LFIAs does not meet sensitivity requirements for the detection of infectious diseases or biomarkers present at low concentrations in body fluids because of the limited number of AuNPs that can bind to the target. To overcome this problem, we first developed a single-stranded DNA binding protein (RPA70A, DNA binding domain A of human Replication Protein A 70 kDa) conjugated to AuNPs for a sandwich assay using a capture antibody immobilized in the LFIA and an aptamer as a detection probe, thus, enabling signal intensity enhancement by attaching several AuNPs per aptamer. We applied this method to detect the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). We visually detected spiked targets at a low femtomolar range, with limits of detection for NP in human nasal fluid and for cTnI in serum of 0.26 and 0.23 pg·mL-1, respectively. This technique showed significantly higher sensitivity than conventional methods that are widely used in LFIAs involving antibody-conjugated AuNPs. These results suggest that the proposed method can be universally applied to the detection of substances requiring high sensitivity and can be used in the field of PoC testing for early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuho Yeom
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jusung Oh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chin-Ju Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju , 61005 , Republic of Korea
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Santos-Cancel M, Simpson LW, Leach JB, White RJ. Direct, Real-Time Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate Release from Astrocytes in Three-Dimensional Culture Using an Integrated Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2070-2079. [PMID: 30754968 PMCID: PMC6469990 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe the development and application of electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors directly interfaced with astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture to monitor stimulated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The aptamer-based sensor couples specific detection of ATP, selective performance directly in cell culture media, and seconds time resolution using squarewave voltammetry for quantitative ATP-release measurements. More specifically, we demonstrate the ability to quantitatively monitor ATP release into the extracellular environment after stimulation by the addition of calcium (Ca2+), ionomycin, and glutamate. The sensor response is confirmed to be specific to ATP and requires the presence of astrocytes in culture. For example, PC12 cells do not elicit a sensor response after stimulation with the same stimulants. In addition, we confirmed cell viability in the collagen matrix for all conditions tested. Our hydrogel-sensor interface offers the potential to study the release of small molecule messengers in 3D environments. Given the generality of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors and the demonstrated successful interfacing of sensors with tissue scaffold material, in the long term, we anticipate our sensors will be able to translate from in vitro to in vivo small molecule recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura W. Simpson
- Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennie B. Leach
- Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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McKeague M. Aptamers for DNA Damage and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102212. [PMID: 29065503 PMCID: PMC5666892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is damaged on a daily basis, which can lead to heritable mutations and the activation of proto-oncogenes. Therefore, DNA damage and repair are critical risk factors in cancer, aging and disease, and are the underlying bases of most frontline cancer therapies. Much of our current understanding of the mechanisms that maintain DNA integrity has been obtained using antibody-based assays. The oligonucleotide equivalents of antibodies, known as aptamers, have emerged as potential molecular recognition rivals. Aptamers possess several ideal properties including chemical stability, in vitro selection and lack of batch-to-batch variability. These properties have motivated the incorporation of aptamers into a wide variety of analytical, diagnostic, research and therapeutic applications. However, their use in DNA repair studies and DNA damage therapies is surprisingly un-tapped. This review presents an overview of the progress in selecting and applying aptamers for DNA damage and repair research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McKeague
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Application of aptamers in detection and chromatographic purification of antibiotics in different matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Trashin S, Rahemi V, Ramji K, Neven L, Gorun SM, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based electrosensing by molecular photosensitizers. Nat Commun 2017. [PMCID: PMC5519987 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are an inspiration for the development of (bio)analytical techniques. However, the instability and reproducibility of the reactivity of enzymes, combined with the need for chemical reagents for sensing remain challenges for the construction of useful devices. Here we present a sensing strategy inspired by the advantages of enzymes and photoelectrochemical sensing, namely the integration of aerobic photocatalysis and electrochemical analysis. The photosensitizer, a bioinspired perfluorinated Zn phthalocyanine, generates singlet-oxygen from air under visible light illumination and oxidizes analytes, yielding electrochemically-detectable products while resisting the oxidizing species it produces. Compared with enzymatic detection methods, the proposed strategy uses air instead of internally added reactive reagents, features intrinsic baseline correction via on/off light switching and shows C-F bonds-type enhanced stability. It also affords selectivity imparted by the catalytic process and nano-level detection, such as 20 nM amoxicillin in μl sample volumes. Application of enzyme-based sensors is usually affected by costs, enzyme stability and immobilization and use of additional chemicals. Here, the authors show a cost-effective and robust photoelectrochemical detection system that can mimic enzymatic sensors using only air and light.
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Modh H, Witt M, Urmann K, Lavrentieva A, Segal E, Scheper T, Walter JG. Aptamer-based detection of adenosine triphosphate via qPCR. Talanta 2017; 172:199-205. [PMID: 28602295 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific detection and quantification of small molecules often remain challenging. We developed a novel magnetic bead-based aptamer-assisted real-time PCR (Apta-qPCR) assay to provide a versatile platform for quantification of small molecules. The assay has been realized for the detection of ATP as a model system. The assay relies on a combination of qPCR with the target-induced dissociation (TID) of ATP aptamer from an oligonucleotide, complementary to the ATP binding site of the aptamer. The complementary oligonucleotide was immobilized on deoxythymidine (dT)-modified magnetic beads (dT-beads) and hybridized with the aptamer. The presence of ATP resulted in dissociation of the aptamer from the dT-beads and the dissociated aptamer was quantified using qPCR. The Apta-qPCR assay was able to detect 17nM ATP with a broad dynamic range from 50nM to 5mM. The assay is label-free, and real-time PCR-based detection of aptamer facilitates high sensitivity. The presented method is highly versatile and can be applied to various aptamer-target pairs to allow detection of a broad range of target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshvardhan Modh
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Martin Witt
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Katharina Urmann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany
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Santos-Cancel M, White RJ. Collagen Membranes with Ribonuclease Inhibitors for Long-Term Stability of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors Employing RNA. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5598-5604. [PMID: 28440619 PMCID: PMC5653965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors offer advantageous analytical detection abilities due to their rapid response time (seconds to minutes), specificity to a target, and selectivity to function in complex media. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) aptamers employed in this class of sensor offer favorable binding characteristics resulting from the ability of RNA to form stable tertiary folds aided by long-range intermolecular interactions. As a result, RNA aptamers can fold into three-dimensional structures more complex than those of their DNA counterparts and consequently exhibit better binding ability to target analytes. Unfortunately, RNA aptamers are susceptible to degradation by nucleases, and for this reason, RNA-based sensors are scarce or require significant sample pretreatment before use in clinically relevant media. Here, we combine the usefulness of a collagen I hydrogel membrane with entrapped ribonuclease inhibitors (RI) to protect small molecule RNA E-AB sensors from endogenous nucleases in complex media. More specifically, the biocompatibility of the naturally polymerized hydrogel with encapsulated RI promotes the protection of an aminoglycoside-binding RNA E-AB sensor up to 6 h, enabling full sensor function in nuclease-rich environments (undiluted serum) without the need for prior sample preparation or oligonucleotide modification. The use of collagen as a biocompatible membrane represents a general approach to compatibly interface E-AB sensors with complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelis Santos-Cancel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland 21250
| | - Ryan J. White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland 21250
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Real-time measurement of small molecules directly in awake, ambulatory animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:645-650. [PMID: 28069939 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613458114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a technology capable of tracking the levels of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in the body continuously and in real time would advance our understanding of health and our ability to detect and treat disease. It would, for example, enable therapies guided by high-resolution, patient-specific pharmacokinetics (including feedback-controlled drug delivery), opening new dimensions in personalized medicine. In response, we demonstrate here the ability of electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors to support continuous, real-time, multihour measurements when emplaced directly in the circulatory systems of living animals. Specifically, we have used E-AB sensors to perform the multihour, real-time measurement of four drugs in the bloodstream of even awake, ambulatory rats, achieving precise molecular measurements at clinically relevant detection limits and high (3 s) temporal resolution, attributes suggesting that the approach could provide an important window into the study of physiology and pharmacokinetics.
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Schoukroun-Barnes LR, Macazo FC, Gutierrez B, Lottermoser J, Liu J, White RJ. Reagentless, Structure-Switching, Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:163-81. [PMID: 27070185 PMCID: PMC5627773 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of structure-switching, electrochemical, aptamer-based sensors over the past ∼10 years has led to a variety of reagentless sensors capable of analytical detection in a range of sample matrices. The crux of this methodology is the coupling of target-induced conformation changes of a redox-labeled aptamer with electrochemical detection of the resulting altered charge transfer rate between the redox molecule and electrode surface. Using aptamer recognition expands the highly sensitive detection ability of electrochemistry to a range of previously inaccessible analytes. In this review, we focus on the methods of sensor fabrication and how sensor signaling is affected by fabrication parameters. We then discuss recent studies addressing the fundamentals of sensor signaling as well as quantitative characterization of the analytical performance of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors. Although the limits of detection of reported electrochemical aptamer-based sensors do not often reach that of gold-standard methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the operational convenience of the sensor platform enables exciting analytical applications that we address. Using illustrative examples, we highlight recent advances in the field that impact important areas of analytical chemistry. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for this class of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Schoukroun-Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
| | - Florika C Macazo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
| | - Brenda Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
| | - Justine Lottermoser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250;
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Crivianu-Gaita V, Thompson M. Aptamers, antibody scFv, and antibody Fab' fragments: An overview and comparison of three of the most versatile biosensor biorecognition elements. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:32-45. [PMID: 27155114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The choice of biosensing elements is crucial for the development of the optimal biosensor. Three of the most versatile biosensing elements are antibody single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), antibody fragment-antigen binding (Fab') units, and aptamers. This article provides an overview of these three biorecognition elements with respects to their synthesis/engineering, various immobilization techniques, and examples of their use in biosensors. Furthermore, the final section of the review compares and contrasts their characteristics (time/cost of development, ease and variability of immobilization, affinity, stability) illustrating their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, scFv fragments are found to display the highest customizability (i.e. addition of functional groups, immobilizing peptides, etc.) due to recombinant synthesis techniques. If time and cost are an issue in the development of the biosensor, Fab' fragments should be chosen as they are relatively cheap and can be developed quickly from whole antibodies (several days). However, if there are sufficient funds and time is not a factor, aptamers should be utilized as they display the greatest affinity towards their target analytes and are extremely stable (excellent biosensor regenerability).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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