1
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Pavón C, Ongaro A, Filipucci I, Ramakrishna SN, Mattarei A, Isa L, Klok HA, Lorandi F, Benetti EM. The Structural Dispersity of Oligoethylene Glycol-Containing Polymer Brushes Determines Their Interfacial Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38859572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ought to their bioinert properties and facile synthesis, poly[(oligoethylene glycol)methacrylate]s (POEGMAs) have been raised as attractive alternatives to poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) in an array of (bio)material applications, especially when they are applied as polymer brush coatings. However, commercially available OEG-methacrylate (macro)monomers feature a broad distribution of OEG lengths, thus generating structurally polydisperse POEGMAs when polymerized through reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Here, we demonstrate that the interfacial physicochemical properties of POEGMA brushes are significantly affected by their structural dispersity, i.e., the degree of heterogeneity in the length of side OEG segments. POEGMA brushes synthesized from discrete (macro)monomers obtained through chromatographic purification of commercial mixtures show increased hydration and reduced adhesion when compared to their structurally polydisperse analogues. The observed alteration of interfacial properties is directly linked to the presence of monodisperse OEG side chains, which hamper intramolecular and intermolecular hydrophobic interactions while simultaneously promoting the association of water molecules. These phenomena provide structurally homogeneous POEGMA brushes with a more lubricious and protein repellent character with respect to their heterogeneous counterparts. More generally, in contrast to what has been assumed until now, the properties of POEGMA brushes cannot be anticipated while ruling out the effect of dispersity by (macro)monomer feeds. Simultaneously, side chain dispersity of POEGMAs emerges as a critical parameter for determining the interfacial characteristics of brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pavón
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Filipucci
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymeres, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zürich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, ETH Zürich, Vladmir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymeres, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Harfouche N, Marie P, Dragoe D, Le H, Thébault P, Bilot C, Fouchet A, Rouden J, Baudoux J, Lepoittevin B. Antibacterial Zirconia Surfaces from Organocatalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1775. [PMID: 38673132 PMCID: PMC11051261 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibacterial coatings are becoming increasingly attractive for application in the field of biomaterials. In this framework, we developed polymer coating zirconia with antibacterial activity using the "grafting from" methodology. First, 1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium chloride monomer was synthesized. Then, the surface modification of zirconia substrates was performed with this monomer via surface-initiated photo atom transfer radical polymerization for antibacterial activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, static contact angle measurements, and an atomic force microscope were used to characterize the films for each step of the surface modification. The results revealed that cationic polymers could be successfully deposited on the zirconia surfaces, and the thickness of the grafted layer steadily increased with polymerization time. Finally, the antibacterial adhesion test was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the modified zirconia substrates, and we successfully showed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Harfouche
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France (J.B.)
| | - Philippe Marie
- CIMAP, UMR 6252, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Diana Dragoe
- ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hung Le
- INSA Rouen Normandie, PBS UMR 6270, CNRS, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Thébault
- INSA Rouen Normandie, PBS UMR 6270, CNRS, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christelle Bilot
- CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Fouchet
- CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jacques Rouden
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France (J.B.)
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France (J.B.)
| | - Bénédicte Lepoittevin
- LCMT, UMR 6507, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France (J.B.)
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3
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Zhang Y, Li M, Li B, Sheng W. Surface Functionalization with Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Current Challenges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5571-5589. [PMID: 38440955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have received great attention in recent years due to their distinctive properties and wide range of applications. The synthesis of polymer brushes typically employs surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) techniques. To realize the control of the polymerization process in different environments, various SI-ATRP techniques triggered by different stimuli have been developed. This review focuses on the latest developments in different stimuli-triggered SI-ATRP methods, such as electrochemically mediated, photoinduced, enzyme-assisted, mechanically controlled, and organocatalyzed ATRP. Additionally, SI-ATRP technology triggered by a combination of multiple stimuli sources is also discussed. Furthermore, the applications of polymer brushes in lubrication, biological applications, antifouling, and catalysis are also systematically summarized and discussed. Despite the advancements in the synthesis of various types of 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer brushes via controlled radical polymerization, contemporary challenges remain in the quest for more efficient and straightforward synthetic protocols that allow for precise control over the composition, structure, and functionality of polymer brushes. We anticipate the readers could promote the understanding of surface functionalization based on ATRP-mediated polymer brushes and envision future directions for their application in surface coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Wang C, Zhao H. Polymer Brushes and Surface Nanostructures: Molecular Design, Precise Synthesis, and Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2439-2464. [PMID: 38279930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
For over two decades, polymer brushes have found wide applications in industry and scientific research. Now, polymer brush research has been a significant research focus in the community of polymer science. In this review paper, we give an introduction to the synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of one-dimensional (1D) polymer brushes on polymer backbones, two-dimensional (2D) polymer brushes on flat surfaces, and three-dimensional (3D) polymer brushes on spherical particles. Examples of the synthesis of polymer brushes on different substrates are provided. Studies on the formation of the surface nanostructures on solid surfaces are also reviewed in this article. Multicomponent polymer brushes on solid surfaces are able to self-assemble into surface micelles (s-micelles). If the s-micelles are linked to the substrates through cleavable linkages, the s-micelles can be cleaved from the substrates, and the cleaved s-micelles are able to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. The formation of the surface nanostructures by coassembly of polymer brushes and "free" polymer chains (coassembly approach) or polymerization-induced surface self-assembly approach, is discussed. The applications of the polymer brushes in colloid and biomedical science are summarized. Finally, perspectives on the development of polymer brushes are offered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Yin R, Zhao Y, Jeong J, Tarnsangpradit J, Liu T, An SY, Zhai Y, Hu X, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Composition-Orientation Induced Mechanical Synergy in Nanoparticle Brushes with Grafted Gradient Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:9626-9635. [PMID: 38105929 PMCID: PMC10720466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gradient poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) copolymers, P(MMA/BA), with various compositional ratios, were grafted from surface-modified silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PMMA-grad-PBA) via complete conversion surface-initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer (SI-ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Miniemulsion as the reaction medium effectively confined the interparticle brush coupling within micellar compartments, preventing macroscopic gelation and enabling complete conversion. Isolation of dispersed and gelled fractions revealed dispersed particle brushes to feature a higher Young's modulus, toughness, and ultimate strain compared with those of the "gel" counterparts. Upon purification, brush nanoparticles from the dispersed phase formed uniform microstructures. Uniaxial tension testing revealed a "mechanical synergy" for copolymers with MMA/BA = 3:2 molar ratio to concurrently exhibit higher toughness and stiffness. When compared with linear analogues of similar composition, the brush nanoparticles with gradient copolymers had better mechanical properties, attributed to the synergistic effects of the combination of composition and propagation orientation, highlighting the significance of architectural design for tethered brush layers of such hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jirameth Tarnsangpradit
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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6
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Masuda T, Watanabe Y, Kozuka Y, Saegusa Y, Takai M. Bactericidal Ability of Well-Controlled Cationic Polymer Brush Surfaces and the Interaction Analysis by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16522-16531. [PMID: 37930305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cationic poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PMTAC) brush surfaces were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and their properties were systematically investigated to discuss the factors affecting their bactericidal properties and interactions with proteins. Model equations for the analysis of electrophoretic behaviors were considered for accurate parameter estimation to indicate the charge density at the interface. The zeta potential dependency of the PMTAC brushes was successfully analyzed using Smolchowski's equation and the Gouy-Chapman model, which describes the diffusive electric double layer. The analysis of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) indicated that the electrostatic interaction promoted protein adsorption, with a large quantity of a negatively charged protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), being adsorbed. The bactericidal efficiency of the high-graft-density polymer brush (0.45 chains nm-2) was higher than that of the low-graft-density polymer brush (0.06 chains nm-2). To investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, we applied the dissipation change (ΔD) of QCM-D analysis. The BSA was likewise adsorbed when the brush structure was changed; however, the negative ΔD indicated that the BSA-adsorbed, high-graft-density PMTAC brush became a rigid state. In the bacteria culture media, the behaviors were the same as BSA adsorption, and the high-graft-density polymer brush was also estimated to be more rigid than the low-graft-density polymer brush. Moreover, for S. aureus adhesion after incubating in TSB, a small slope of ΔD/ΔF plots considered initial adsorption of bacteria on the high-graft-density polymer brush strongly interacted compared to that of the low-graft-density polymer brush. The scattered value of the slope of ΔD/ΔF on the high-graft-density polymer brush was considered to be due to the dead bacteria between the bacteria and the polymer brush interface. These investigations for a well-defined cationic polymer brush will contribute to the design of antibacterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Yoichi Watanabe
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Yuta Kozuka
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Yui Saegusa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
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7
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Halaszynski NI, Saven JG, Pochan DJ, Kloxin CJ. Thermoresponsive Coiled-Coil Peptide-Polymer Grafts. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2001-2006. [PMID: 37874177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl halide side groups are selectively incorporated into monodispersed, computationally designed coiled-coil-forming peptide nanoparticles. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) is polymerized from the coiled-coil periphery using photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) to synthesize well-defined, thermoresponsive star copolymer architectures. This facile synthetic route is readily extended to other monomers for a range of new complex star-polymer macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Halaszynski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jeffery G Saven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 P.S. duPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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8
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Wu D, Li W, Zhang T. Surface-Initiated Zerovalent Metal-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization (SI-Mt 0CRP) for Brush Engineering. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2329-2340. [PMID: 37616063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe surface-tethered polymer brush has become a powerful approach to tailoring the chemical and physical properties of surfaces and interfaces and revealed broad application prospects in widespread fields such as self-cleaning, surface lubrication, and antibiofouling. Access to these diverse functional polymer brushes is highly dependent on versatile and powerful surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) strategies. However, conventional SI-CRP typically requires oxygen exclusion, large amounts of catalysts and monomer solution, and a long reaction time, making it time-consuming and sophisticated. When using a two-plate system consisting of an initiator-bearing substrate and a metal plate, we and our collaborators introduced surface-initiated zerovalent metal-mediated controlled radical polymerization (SI-Mt0CRP). In the SI-Mt0CRP setup, a metal(0) plate (Cu, Fe, Zn, or Sn) is placed proximately to an initiator-functionalized substrate and forms a confined polymerization system which considerably simplifies the synthesis of a wide range of polymer brushes with high grafting densities over large areas (up to the meter scale).In comparison to classical SI-ATRP (catalyzed by metal salts), SI-Mt0CRP demonstrates oxygen tolerance, high controllability, good retention of chain-end functionality, and facile recyclability of the metal catalysts (i.e., metal foil/plate). Taking advantage of the confined geometry of the SI-Mt0CRP setup, polymer brushes with various conformations and architectures are easily accessible while consuming only microliter volumes of monomer solution and without complicated operations under ambient conditions. Owing to these attractive characteristics, SI-Mt0CRP has become a versatile technique for functionalizing materials for targeted applications, ranging from the areas of surface science to materials science and nanotechnology.In this Account, we summarize the recent advances of SI-Mt0CRP catalyzed by zerovalent metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, and Sn) and highlight the intrinsic advantages of the featured experimental setup, compared with the "classical" SI-CRP in which metal salt, powder, or wire is applied. We further discuss the synthetic features and proposed mechanism of SI-Mt0CRP while emphasizing the various external technologies' (including "on water" reaction, galvanic replacement, lithography, and capillary microfluidic) integrated polymerization systems. We also describe structural polymer brushes, including block copolymers, patterned and gradient structures, and arrayed and binary polymer brushes. Finally, we introduce the diverse polymer brushes that have been prepared using these techniques, with a focus on targeted and emerging applications. We anticipate that the discussion presented in this Account will promote a better understanding of the SI-Mt0CRP technique and advance the future development of practical surface brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Gazzola G, Filipucci I, Rossa A, Matyjaszewski K, Lorandi F, Benetti EM. Oxygen Tolerance during Surface-Initiated Photo-ATRP: Tips and Tricks for Making Brushes under Environmental Conditions. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1166-1172. [PMID: 37526233 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving tolerance toward oxygen during surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (SI-RDRP) holds the potential to translate the fabrication of polymer brush-coatings into upscalable and technologically relevant processes for functionalizing materials. While focusing on surface-initiated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-photoATRP), we demonstrate that a judicious tuning of the composition of reaction mixtures and the adjustment of the polymerization setup enable to maximize the compatibility of this grafting technique toward environmental conditions. Typically, the presence of O2 in the polymerization medium limits the attainable thickness of polymer brushes and causes the occurrence of "edge effects", i.e., areas at the substrates' edges where continuous oxygen diffusion from the surrounding environment inhibits brush growth. However, the concentrations of the Cu-based catalyst and "free" alkyl halide initiator in solution emerge as key parameters to achieve a more efficient consumption of oxygen and yield uniform and thick brushes, even for polymerization mixtures that are more exposed to air. Precise variation of reaction conditions thus allows us to identify those variables that become determinants for making the synthesis of brushes more tolerant toward oxygen, and consequently more practical and upscalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gazzola
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Filipucci
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Sheng W, Li W, Xu S, Du Y, Jordan R. Oxygen-Tolerant Photografting for Surface Structuring from Microliter Volumes. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1100-1105. [PMID: 37470677 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report an oxygen-tolerant photografting technique to grow polymer brushes employing microliter volumes of monomer solution under ambient conditions. With the key advantages that include spatial control, initiator/catalyst-free nature, and high oxygen tolerance, a series of homo-, multiblock, and arbitrary patterned polymer brushes were successfully obtained by photografting. Moreover, a dual-functional surface with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties could easily be realized by one-pot photografting. These results illustrated the practicality and versatility of this strategy, which will allow nonexperts access to polymer brush architectures and broaden the potential applications of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunhao Du
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Kapil K, Jazani AM, Szczepaniak G, Murata H, Olszewski M, Matyjaszewski K. Fully Oxygen-Tolerant Visible-Light-Induced ATRP of Acrylates in Water: Toward Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Hybrids. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2017-2026. [PMID: 36938511 PMCID: PMC10019465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, photoinduced ATRP techniques have been developed to harness the energy of light to generate radicals. Most of these methods require the use of UV light to initiate polymerization. However, UV light has several disadvantages: it can degrade proteins, damage DNA, cause undesirable side reactions, and has low penetration depth in reaction media. Recently, we demonstrated green-light-induced ATRP with dual catalysis, where eosin Y (EYH2) was used as an organic photoredox catalyst in conjunction with a copper complex. This dual catalysis proved to be highly efficient, allowing rapid and well-controlled aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate without the need for deoxygenation. Herein, we expanded this system to synthesize polyacrylates under biologically relevant conditions using CuII/Me6TREN (Me6TREN = tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) and EYH2 at ppm levels. Water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (average M n = 480, OEOA480) was polymerized in open reaction vessels under green light irradiation (520 nm). Despite continuous oxygen diffusion, high monomer conversions were achieved within 40 min, yielding polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (1.17 ≤ D̵ ≤ 1.23) for a wide targeted DP range (50-800). In situ chain extension and block copolymerization confirmed the preserved chain end functionality. In addition, polymerization was triggered/halted by turning on/off a green light, showing temporal control. The optimized conditions also enabled controlled polymerization of various hydrophilic acrylate monomers, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate), and zwitterionic carboxy betaine acrylate. Notably, the method allowed the synthesis of well-defined acrylate-based protein-polymer hybrids using a straightforward reaction setup without rigorous deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie
Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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12
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Wu D, Yin X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li D, Yang F, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang H, Liu X, Liu F, Zhang T. Tinware-Inspired Aerobic Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization (SI-Sn 0CRP) for Biocompatible Surface Engineering. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:71-76. [PMID: 36576724 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface anchored polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) have raised considerable interest in biomaterials and bioengineering. However, undesired residues of noxious transition metal catalysts critically restrain their widespread biomedical applications. Herein, we present a robust and biocompatible surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization catalyzed by a Sn(0) sheet (SI-Sn0CRP) under ambient conditions. Through this approach, microliter volumes of vinyl monomers with diverse functions (heterocyclic, ionic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic) could be efficiently converted to homogeneous polymer brushes. The excellent controllability of SI-Sn0CRP strategy is further demonstrated by the exquisite fabrication of predetermined block and patterned polymer brushes through chain extension and photolithography, respectively. Additionally, in virtue of intrinsic biocompatibility of Sn, the resultant polymer brushes present transcendent affinity toward blood and cell, in marked contrast to those of copper-based approaches. This strategy could provide an avenue for the controllable fabrication of biocompatible polymer brushes toward biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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13
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Xing Y, Li Q, Chen X, Li M, Wang S, Li Y, Wang T, Sun X, Li X. Preparation of isoelectric point-switchable polymer brush-grafted mesoporous silica using RAFT polymerization with high performance for Ni(II) adsorption. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Szczepaniak G, Jeong J, Kapil K, Dadashi-Silab S, Yerneni SS, Ratajczyk P, Lathwal S, Schild DJ, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Open-air green-light-driven ATRP enabled by dual photoredox/copper catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11540-11550. [PMID: 36320395 PMCID: PMC9557244 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04210j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) has risen to the forefront of modern polymer chemistry as a powerful tool giving access to well-defined materials with complex architecture. However, most photo-ATRP systems can only generate radicals under biocidal UV light and are oxygen-sensitive, hindering their practical use in the synthesis of polymer biohybrids. Herein, inspired by the photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, we demonstrate a dual photoredox/copper catalysis that allows open-air ATRP under green light irradiation. Eosin Y was used as an organic photoredox catalyst (PC) in combination with a copper complex (X-CuII/L). The role of PC was to trigger and drive the polymerization, while X-CuII/L acted as a deactivator, providing a well-controlled polymerization. The excited PC was oxidatively quenched by X-CuII/L, generating CuI/L activator and PC˙+. The ATRP ligand (L) used in excess then reduced the PC˙+, closing the photocatalytic cycle. The continuous reduction of X-CuII/L back to CuI/L by excited PC provided high oxygen tolerance. As a result, a well-controlled and rapid ATRP could proceed even in an open vessel despite continuous oxygen diffusion. This method allowed the synthesis of polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and controlled molecular weights using Cu catalyst and PC at ppm levels in both aqueous and organic media. A detailed comparison of photo-ATRP with PET-RAFT polymerization revealed the superiority of dual photoredox/copper catalysis under biologically relevant conditions. The kinetic studies and fluorescence measurements indicated that in the absence of the X-CuII/L complex, green light irradiation caused faster photobleaching of eosin Y, leading to inhibition of PET-RAFT polymerization. Importantly, PET-RAFT polymerizations showed significantly higher dispersity values (1.14 ≤ Đ ≤ 4.01) in contrast to photo-ATRP (1.15 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.22) under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | | | - Paulina Ratajczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Dirk J Schild
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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15
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Flejszar M, Ślusarczyk K, Chmielarz P, Wolski K, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Oszajca M. Working electrode geometry effect: A new concept for fabrication of patterned polymer brushes via SI-seATRP at ambient conditions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Fromel M, Pester CW. Polycarbonate Surface Modification via Aqueous SI-PET-RAFT. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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17
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Fromel M, Benetti EM, Pester CW. Oxygen Tolerance in Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerizations: Are Polymer Brushes Turning into Technology? ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:415-421. [PMID: 35575317 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the development of reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP), and advancements toward more user-friendly and accessible experimental setups have opened the door for nonexperts to design complex macromolecules with well-defined properties. External mediation, improved tolerance to oxygen, and increased reaction volumes for higher synthetic output are some of the many noteworthy technical improvements. The development of RDRPs in solution was paralleled by their application on solid substrates to synthesize surface-grafted "polymer brushes" via surface-initiated RDRP (SI-RDRP). This Viewpoint paper provides a current perspective on recent developments in SI-RDRP methods that are tolerant to oxygen, especially highlighting those that could potentially enable scaling up of the synthesis of brushes for the functionalization of technologically relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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18
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Xu X, Peng B, Hong M, Wang T, Fan L, Bao C, Zhang Q. Photo-induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene using a Highly Active Claw-type Schiff-base Ligand. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Masuda T, Takai M. Design of biointerfaces composed of soft materials using controlled radical polymerizations. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1473-1485. [PMID: 35044413 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soft interface materials have an immense potential for the improvement of biointerfaces, which are the interface of biological and artificially designed materials. Controlling the chemical and physical structures of the interfaces at the nanometer level plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of the functioning and its applications. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, have been developed in the field of precision polymer chemistry. It allows the formation of well-defined surfaces such as densely packed polymer brushes and self-assembled nanostructures of block copolymers. More recently, a novel technique to prepare polymers containing biomolecules, called biohybrids, has also been developed, which is a consequence of the advancement of CRP so as to proceed in an aqueous media with oxygen. This review article summarizes recent advances in CRP for the design of biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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20
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Smenda J, Wolski K, Chajec K, Zapotoczny S. Preparation of Homopolymer, Block Copolymer, and Patterned Brushes Bearing Thiophene and Acetylene Groups Using Microliter Volumes of Reaction Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4458. [PMID: 34961009 PMCID: PMC8704565 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of surface-grafted polymers with variable functionality requires the careful selection of polymerization methods that also enable spatially controlled grafting, which is crucial for the fabrication of, e.g., nano (micro) sensor or nanoelectronic devices. The development of versatile, simple, economical, and eco-friendly synthetic strategies is important for scaling up the production of such polymer brushes. We have recently shown that poly (3-methylthienyl methacrylate) (PMTM) and poly (3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl methacrylate) (PTPM) brushes with pendant thiophene and acetylene groups, respectively, could be used for the production of ladder-like conjugated brushes that are potentially useful in the mentioned applications. However, the previously developed syntheses of such brushes required the use of high volumes of reagents, elevated temperature, or high energy UV-B light. Therefore, we present here visible light-promoted metal-free surface-initiated ATRP (metal-free SI-ATRP) that allows the economical synthesis of PMTM and PTPM brushes utilizing only microliter volumes of reaction mixtures. The versatility of this approach was shown by the formation of homopolymers but also the block copolymer conjugated brushes (PMTM and PTPM blocks in both sequences) and patterned films using TEM grids serving as photomasks. A simple reaction setup with only a monomer, solvent, commercially available organic photocatalyst, and initiator decorated substrate makes the synthesis of these complex polymer structures achievable for non-experts and ready for scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.C.); (S.Z.)
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21
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22
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Albers RF, Magrini T, Romio M, Leite ER, Libanori R, Studart AR, Benetti EM. Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Polymer-Brush Gradients within Elastomeric Supports by Cu 0-Mediated Surface-Initiated ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1099-1106. [PMID: 35549080 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cu0-mediated surface-initiated ATRP (Cu0 SI-ATRP) emerges as a versatile, oxygen-tolerant process to functionalize three-dimensional (3D), microporous supports forming single and multiple polymer-brush gradients with a fully tunable composition. When polymerization mixtures are dispensed on a Cu0-coated plate, this acts as oxygen scavenger and source of active catalyst. In the presence of an ATRP initiator-bearing microporous elastomer placed in contact with the metallic plate, the reaction solution infiltrates by capillarity through the support, simultaneously triggering the controlled growth of polymer brushes. The polymer grafting process proceeds with kinetics that are determined by the progressive infiltration of the reaction solution within the microporous support and by the continuous diffusion of catalyst regenerated at the Cu0 surface. The combination of these effects enables the accessible generation of 3D polymer-brush gradients extending across the microporous scaffolds used as supports, finally providing materials with a continuous variation of interfacial composition and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Faggion Albers
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Magrini
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Edson R. Leite
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Libanori
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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23
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Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, Sobieski J, Matyjaszewski K, D’hooge DR. Conformational Variations for Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Flat to Curved Nanoparticle Surfaces. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Julian Sobieski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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25
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Lu Z, Yang H, Fu X, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Cai J, Xiao L, Hou L. Fully-π conjugated covalent organic frameworks as catalyst for photo-induced atom transfer radical polymerization with ppm-level copper concentration under LED irradiation. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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27
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting “Band‐Aid” for “Everyone”: Filter Paper‐Assisted Surface‐Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik Department TUM-Technische Universität München James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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28
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting "Band-Aid" for "Everyone": Filter Paper-Assisted Surface-Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13621-13625. [PMID: 33751767 PMCID: PMC8252564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a facile and generalized approach to the modification of solid surfaces with polymer brushes under ambient conditions: filter paper-assisted surface-initiated Cu0 -mediated controlled radical polymerization (PSI-CuCRP). The polymerization solution wetted filter paper is sandwiched between a copper plate and an initiator-modified substrate, which allows the creation of a surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) "band-aid" so that everyone can perform the surface grafting selectively with good control over the quality of the polymer brushes employing low concentration and microliter amounts of the monomer solution. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by grafting different homo-, block-, and multicomponent polymer brushes by using the same activation system and reaction conditions, the polymerization process can be precisely controlled to yield uniform polymers and show high chain-end functionality which is exemplified by in situ tetra-copolymerization. The combination of photolithography and paper cutting enables to prepare arbitrary three-dimensional patterned polymer brushes on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik DepartmentTUM-Technische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
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Szczepaniak G, Fu L, Jafari H, Kapil K, Matyjaszewski K. Making ATRP More Practical: Oxygen Tolerance. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1779-1790. [PMID: 33751886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers under mild conditions. However, as with any other radical polymerization, ATRP typically requires rigorous oxygen exclusion, making it time-consuming and challenging to use by nonexperts. In this Account, we discuss various approaches to achieving oxygen tolerance in ATRP, presenting the overall progress in the field.Copper-mediated ATRP, which we first discovered in the late 1990s, uses a CuI/L activator that reversibly reacts with the dormant C(sp3)-X polymer chain end, forming a X-CuII/L deactivator and a propagating radical. Oxygen interferes with activation and chain propagation by quenching the radicals and oxidizing the activator. At ATRP equilibrium, the activator is present at a much higher concentration than the propagating radicals. Thus, oxidation of the activator is the dominant inhibition pathway. In conventional ATRP, this reaction is irreversible, so oxygen must be strictly excluded to achieve good results.Over the last two decades, our group has developed several ATRP techniques based on the concept of regenerating the activator. When the oxidized activator is continuously converted back to its active reduced form, then the catalytic system itself can act as an oxygen scavenger. Regeneration can be accomplished by reducing agents and photo-, electro-, and mechanochemical stimuli. This family of methods offers a degree of oxygen tolerance, but most of them can tolerate only a limited amount of oxygen and do not allow polymerization in an open vessel.More recently, we discovered that enzymes can be used in auxiliary catalytic systems that directly deoxygenate the reaction medium and protect the polymerization process. We developed a method that uses glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, and sodium pyruvate to very effectively scavenge oxygen and enable open-vessel ATRP. By adding a second enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HPR), we managed to extend the role of the auxiliary enzymatic system to generating carbon-based radicals and changed ATRP from an oxygen-sensitive to an oxygen-fueled reaction.While performing control experiments for the enzymatic methods, we noticed that using sodium pyruvate under UV irradiation triggers polymerization without the presence of GOx. This serendipitous discovery allowed us to develop the first oxygen-proof, small-molecule-based, photoinduced ATRP system. It has oxygen tolerance similar to that of the enzymatic methods, exhibits superior compatibility with both aqueous media and organic solvents, and avoids problems associated with purifying polymers from enzymes. The system was able to rapidly polymerize N-isopropylacrylamide, a challenging monomer, with a high degree of control.These contributions have substantially simplified the use of ATRP, making it more practical and accessible to everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Su HL, Xu L, Hu XJ, Chen FF, Li G, Yang ZK, Wang LP, Li HL. Polymer grafted mesoporous SBA-15 material synthesized via metal-free ATRP as pH-sensitive drug carrier for quercetin. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Effect of Thiocarbonylthio Compounds on Visible-Light-Mediated 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales—Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Zain G, Bučková M, Mosnáčková K, Doháňošová J, Opálková Šišková A, Mičušík M, Kleinová A, Matúš P, Mosnáček J. Antibacterial cotton fabric prepared by surface-initiated photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with subsequent quaternization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial highly grafted cotton fabric with good laundry resistance was prepared using photoATRP in the presence of air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Zain
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulose Based Textiles Dept., Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mária Bučková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Doháňošová
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology STU, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Opálková Šišková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Materials and Machines Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Matúš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Li M, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Gao J, Zhang S, Lei L. One-step synthesis of poly(methacrylate)- b-polyester via “one organocatalyst, two polymerizations”. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a “one organocatalyst, two polymerizations” system, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt could spontaneously catalyze photo-ATRP and ROP. A well-defined PTMC-b-PMMA block copolymer was successfully synthesized in one-step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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Xu X, Hong M, Bao C, Wang Y, Chen J, Li D, Wang T, Zhang Q. A Schiff base ligand for photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A claw-type Schiff base, tris[N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-iminoethyl]amine (Py3Tren), is used as an active ligand for photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (Photo-ATRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Mei Hong
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Chunyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Die Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Tianheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
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Satoh R, Honma S, Arafune H, Shomura R, Kamijo T, Morinaga T, Sato T. In Situ Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization Utilizing the Nonvolatile Nature of Ionic Liquids: A First Attempt. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010061. [PMID: 33375760 PMCID: PMC7795065 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, in situ surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) based on both an open and a coated system, without using volatile reagents, was developed to overcome the limited usage of ATRP due to the necessity of sealing. Nonvolatile ionic liquid (IL)-type components were used, specifically N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methacryloylethyl)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the polymerizable monomer and N,N-diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the polymerization solvent. In the experiment, the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization characteristics are properly ensured in nonvolatile ATRP solution coated on silicon wafer as thin liquid film, to form concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs). The average molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution of the polymer produced in the liquid film and formed on silicon wafer were measured by gel permeation chromatography, which confirms that the polymerization reaction occurred as designed. Furthermore, it is clarified that the surface of the polymer brush synthesized in situ swollen by IL also exhibited low friction characteristics, comparable to that synthesized in a typical immersion process. This paper is the first to establish the effectiveness of in situ preparation for CPBs by using the coating technique.
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Słowikowska M, Chajec K, Michalski A, Zapotoczny S, Wolski K. Surface-Initiated Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with ppm Concentration of FeBr 3 under Visible Light. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5139. [PMID: 33202639 PMCID: PMC7697009 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerizations with reduced amount of organometallic catalyst are currently a field of interest of many applications. One of the very promising techniques is photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) that is mainly studied for copper catalysts in the solution. Recently, advantageous iron-catalyzed photo-ATRP (photo-Fe-ATRP) compatible with high demanding biological applications was presented. In response to that, we developed surface-initiated photo-Fe-ATRP (SI-photo-Fe-ATRP) that was used for facile synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes with the presence of only 200 ppm of FeBr3/tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst (FeBr3/TBABr) under visible light irradiation (wavelength: 450 nm). The kinetics of both SI-photo-Fe-ATRP and photo-Fe-ATRP in solution were compared and followed by 1H NMR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Brush grafting densities were determined using two methodologies. The influence of the sacrificial initiator on the kinetics of brush growth was studied. It was found that SI-photo-Fe-ATRP could be effectively controlled even without any sacrificial initiators thanks to in situ production of ATRP initiator in solution as a result of reaction between the monomer and Br radicals generated in photoreduction of FeBr3/TBABr. The optimized and simplified reaction setup allowed synthesis of very thick (up to 110 nm) PMMA brushes at room temperature, under visible light with only 200 ppm of iron-based catalyst. The same reaction conditions, but with the presence of sacrificial initiator, enabled formation of much thinner layers (18 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Słowikowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kamila Chajec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Adam Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
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Liu T, Yan S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Yang H, Yan Q, Yang R, Luan S. Self-Adaptive Antibacterial Coating for Universal Polymeric Substrates Based on a Micrometer-Scale Hierarchical Polymer Brush System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42576-42585. [PMID: 32867474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-tethered hierarchical polymer brushes find wide applications in the development of antibacterial surfaces due to the well-defined spatial distribution and the separate but complementary properties of different blocks. Existing methods to achieve such polymer brushes mainly focused on inorganic material substrates, precluding their practical applications on common medical devices. In this work, a hierarchical polymer brush system is proposed and facilely constructed on polymeric substrates via light living graft polymerization. The polymer brush system with micrometer-scale thickness exhibits a unique hierarchical architecture consisting of a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) outer layer and an anionic inner layer loading with cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) via electrostatic attraction. The surface of this system inhibits the initial adhesion of bacteria by the PHEMA hydration outer layer under neutral pH conditions; when bacteria adhere and proliferate on this surface, the bacterially induced acidification triggers the cleavage of labile amide bonds within the inner layer to expose the positively charged amines and vigorously release melittin (MLT), allowing the surface to timely kill the adhering bacteria. The hierarchical surface employs multiple antibacterial mechanisms to combat bacterial infection and shows high sensitiveness and responsiveness to pathogens. A new paradigm is supplied by this modular hierarchical polymer brushes system for the progress of intelligent surfaces on universal polymer substrates, showing great potential to a promising strategy for preventing infection related to medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices & Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, P. R. China
| | - Rongtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices & Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Szczepaniak G, Łagodzińska M, Dadashi-Silab S, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Fully oxygen-tolerant atom transfer radical polymerization triggered by sodium pyruvate. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8809-8816. [PMID: 34123134 PMCID: PMC8163335 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) is one of the most robust reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) systems. However, the limited oxygen tolerance of conventional ATRP impedes its practical use in an ambient atmosphere. In this work, we developed a fully oxygen-tolerant PICAR (photoinduced initiators for continuous activator regeneration) ATRP process occurring in both water and organic solvents in an open reaction vessel. Continuous regeneration of the oxidized form of the copper catalyst with sodium pyruvate through UV excitation allowed the chemical removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture while maintaining a well-controlled polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) or methyl acrylate (MA) monomers. The polymerizations of NIPAM were conducted with 250 ppm (with respect to the monomer) or lower concentrations of CuBr2 and a tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine ligand. The polymers were synthesized to nearly quantitative monomer conversions (>99%), high molecular weights (M n > 270 000), and low dispersities (1.16 < Đ < 1.44) in less than 30 min under biologically relevant conditions. The reported method provided a well-controlled ATRP (Đ = 1.16) of MA in dimethyl sulfoxide despite oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere into the reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Matylda Łagodzińska
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX13QZ UK
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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Faggion Albers R, Yan W, Romio M, Leite ER, Spencer ND, Matyjaszewski K, Benetti EM. Mechanism and application of surface-initiated ATRP in the presence of a Zn0 plate. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01233e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SI-Zn0-ATRP enables the synthesis of chemically different polymer brushes under full ambient conditions, using just microliter volumes of reaction solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Edson R. Leite
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos
- 13565-905 São Carlos
- Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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