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Bessif B, Heck B, Pfohl T, Le CMQ, Chemtob A, Pirela V, Elgoyhen J, Tomovska R, Müller AJ, Reiter G. Nucleation Assisted through the Memory of a Polymer Melt: A Different Polymorph Emerging from the Melt of Another One. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Bessif
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex 68057, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex 68057, France
| | - Valentina Pirela
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Justine Elgoyhen
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Looijmans SFSP, Spanjaards MMA, Puskar L, Cavallo D, Anderson PD, van Breemen LCA. Synergy of Fiber Surface Chemistry and Flow: Multi-Phase Transcrystallization in Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224850. [PMID: 36432976 PMCID: PMC9694137 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are largely employed for their improved strength with respect to unfilled matrices. Considering semi-crystalline materials under relevant processing conditions, the applied pressure and flow induce shear stresses at the fiber-polymer interface. These stresses may strongly enhance the nucleation ability of the fiber surface with respect to the quiescent case. It is thus possible to assume that the fiber features are no longer of importance and that crystallization is dominated by the effect of flow. However, by making use of an advanced experimental technique, i.e., polarization-modulated synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (PM-SIRMS), we are able to show that the opposite is true for the industrially relevant case of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). With PM-SIRMS, the local chain orientation is measured with micron-size spatial resolution. This orientation can be related to the polymer nucleation density along the fiber surface. For various combinations of an iPP matrix and fiber, the degree of orientation in the cylindrical layer that develops during flow correlates well with the differences in nucleation density found in quiescent conditions. This result shows that the morphological development during processing of polymer composites is not solely determined by the flow field, nor by the nucleating ability of the fiber surface alone, but rather by a synergistic combination of the two. In addition, using finite element modeling, it is demonstrated that, under the experimentally applied flow conditions, the interphase structure formation is mostly dominated by the rheological characteristics of the material rather than perturbations in experimental conditions, such as shear rate, layer thickness, and temperature. This once again highlights the importance of matrix-filler interplay during flow and, thus, of material selection in the design of hybrid and lightweight composite technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan F. S. P. Looijmans
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.F.S.P.L.); (M.M.A.S.); (P.D.A.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M. A. Spanjaards
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.F.S.P.L.); (M.M.A.S.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Ljiljana Puskar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Patrick D. Anderson
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.F.S.P.L.); (M.M.A.S.); (P.D.A.)
| | - Lambèrt C. A. van Breemen
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.F.S.P.L.); (M.M.A.S.); (P.D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-40-247-3092
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Fenni SE, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Understanding polymer nucleation by studying droplets crystallization in immiscible polymer blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Interfacial Banded Transcrystallization of Polyoxymethylene/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends Induced by the Polyamide 6 Fiber. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Carmeli E, Ottonello S, Wang B, Menyhárd A, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Competing crystallization of α- and β-phase induced by β-nucleating agents in microdroplets of isotactic polypropylene. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of heterogeneously nucleated isotactic polypropylene microdroplets in an immiscible polystyrene matrix allows the estimation of intrinsic nucleating efficiency of nucleating agents promoting the formation of different polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021, Linz, Austria
| | - Sara Ottonello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Bao Wang
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alfréd Menyhárd
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Carmeli E, Fenni SE, Caputo MR, Müller AJ, Tranchida D, Cavallo D. Surface Nucleation of Dispersed Polyethylene Droplets in Immiscible Blends Revealed by Polypropylene Matrix Self-Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Seif Eddine Fenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Li C, Gao Y, Wang L, Li J, Guo S. Fabrication, structure, and properties of Poly-(Lactide) multilayers with ultrahigh content, ordered, and continuous transcrystallinity. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ma Y, He A, Liu C. Crystallization kinetics, crystalline structures and properties of PB/PP blends regulated by poly(butene-block-propylene) copolymers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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