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Johnson JD, Kaplan SW, Toth J, Wang Z, Maw M, Sheiko SS, Zhukhovitskiy AV. Carbodiimide Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1104-1110. [PMID: 37396860 PMCID: PMC10311665 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled incorporation of nitrogen into macromolecular skeletons is a long-standing challenge whose resolution would enable the preparation of soft materials with the scalability of man-made plastics and functionality of Nature's proteins. Nylons and polyurethanes notwithstanding, nitrogen-rich polymer backbones remain scarce, and their synthesis typically lacks precision. Here we report a strategy that begins to address this limitation founded on a mechanistic discovery: ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of carbodiimides followed by carbodiimide derivatization. An iridium guanidinate complex was found to initiate and catalyze ROMP of N-aryl and N-alkyl cyclic carbodiimides. Nucleophilic addition to the resulting polycarbodiimides enabled the preparation of polyureas, polythioureas, and polyguanidinates with varied architectures. This work advances the foundations of metathesis chemistry and opens the door to systematic investigations of structure-folding-property relationships in nitrogen-rich macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Drake Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samuel W. Kaplan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jozsef Toth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mitchell Maw
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Wu B, Ding QJ, Wang ZL, Zhu R. Alkyne Polymers from Stable Butatriene Homologues: Controlled Radical Polymerization of Vinylidenecyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2045-2051. [PMID: 36688814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Controlled polymerization of cumulenic monomers represents a promising yet underdeveloped strategy toward well-defined alkyne polymers. Here we report a stereoelectronic effect-inspired approach using simple vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs) as butatriene homologues in controlled radical ring-opening polymerizations. While being thermally stable, VDCPs mimic butatrienes via conjugation of the cyclopropane ring. This leads to exclusive terminal-selective propagation that affords a highly structurally regular alkyne-based backbone, featuring complete ring-opening and no backbiting regardless of polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian-Jun Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Galan NJ, Brantley JN. Precision Synthesis of Tunable Polyallenamers from “Masked” Precursors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Galan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Johnathan N. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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4
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Bermesheva EV, Medentseva EI, Khrychikova AP, Wozniak AI, Guseva MA, Nazarov IV, Morontsev AA, Karpov GO, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF, Danshina AA, Nelyubina YV, Bermeshev MV. Air-Stable Single-Component Pd-Catalysts for Vinyl-Addition Polymerization of Functionalized Norbornenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Bermesheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Medentseva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna P. Khrychikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
- D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Alyona I. Wozniak
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina A. Guseva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Nazarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Morontsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb O. Karpov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Danshina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutskiy per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Bermeshev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
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5
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Yu L, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Fu Z, Xiao Y, Li Z, Wang J. Synthesis of Polyallenoates through Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Dialkynes and Bis-α-Diazoesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3909-3912. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkynes and α-diazoesters have been applied in the synthesis of polyallenoates for the first time. The polymerization tolerated various functional groups and afforded the polyallenoates with...
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6
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Wang C, Zou H, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Recent Advances in Polyallenes: Preparation, Self-Assembly, and Stimuli-Responsiveness. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3864-3872. [PMID: 34618408 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyallenes, as a typical type of reactive polymers, are of great significance and have aroused widespread interest because they contain double bonds that can be post-modified into other functionalities to afford varieties of functional materials. This Minireview firstly highlights the recent advances in the preparation of polyallenes, including preparation of helical polyallenes through directly polymerization of chiral allene monomers or helix-sense-selective polymerization (HSSP) of achiral allene monomers, synthesis of 1,2-regulated polyallenes and 2,3-regulated polyallenes via selective polymerization of allene monomers, polymerization of allene monomers catalyzed by Ni(II)-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and so on. Then, latest progress on the self-assembly and stimuli-responses of polyallene-based diblock, ABA and ABC triblock copolymers is summarized. We hope this Minireview will inspire more interest in developing polyallenes and encourage further advances in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, P. R. China
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