1
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Andelman D, Man X. Chain Flexibility Effects on the Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymer in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David Andelman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xingkun Man
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Liang S, Liu B, Karuthedath S, Wang J, He Y, Tan WL, Li H, Xu Y, Li N, Hou J, Tang Z, Laquai F, McNeill CR, Brabec CJ, Li W. Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near-Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209316. [PMID: 35785422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Double-cable conjugated polymers with near-infrared (NIR) electron acceptors are synthesized for use in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). Through the development of a judicious synthetic pathway, the highly sensitive nature of the 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC)-based electron acceptors in basic and protonic solvents is overcome. In addition, an asymmetric design motif is adopted to optimize the packing of donor and acceptor segments, enhancing charge separation efficiency. As such, the new double-cable polymers are successfully applied in SCOSCs, providing an efficiency of over 10 % with a broad photo response from 300 to 850 nm and exhibiting excellent thermal/light stability. These results demonstrate the powerful design of NIR-acceptor-based double-cable polymers and will enable SCOSCs to enter a new stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yakun He
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Liang S, Liu B, Karuthedath S, Wang J, He Y, Tan WL, Li H, Xu Y, Li N, Hou J, Tang Z, Laquai F, McNeill CR, Brabec CJ, Li W. Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Near‐Infrared Electron Acceptors for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites CHINA
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites CHINA
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST solar center SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Jing Wang
- Donghua University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yakun He
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Monash University Department of Materials Science and Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Beijing Jiaotong University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ning Li
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zheng Tang
- Donghua University College of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST solar center SAUDI ARABIA
| | | | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology GERMANY
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 100190 Beijing CHINA
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4
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Yun HS, Kim DH, Kwon HG, Choi HK. Centrifugal Force-Induced Alignment in the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Yun
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gu Kwon
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyoon Choi
- Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powder, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liu BQ, Xu YH, Liu F, Xie CC, Liang SJ, Chen QM, Li WW. Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers with Fullerene Pendant for Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Rohland P, Schröter E, Nolte O, Newkome GR, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox-active polymers: The magic key towards energy storage – a polymer design guideline progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Buckinx A, Junkers T, Michels J, Bell TDM, Rozario A.
Amphiphilic Conjugated Block Copolymers as NIR-Bioimaging Probes
. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Altough semiconductiong polymer nanoparticles (SPN) are emerging as versatile theragnostic platforms for drug delivery and near infrared (NIR)-imaging, their synthesis remains restricted to nanoprecipatation or graft polymers. In here we present a...
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8
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Hicks GEJ, Li S, Obhi NK, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Seferos DS. Programmable Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006287. [PMID: 34085725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sheng Li
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nimrat K Obhi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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9
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Chen G, Zhang H, Lu T, Jiang Y. The stress deformation response influenced by the chain rigidity for mesostructures in diblock copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22992-23004. [PMID: 34611676 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-consistent field theory formalism based on the wormlike chain model is developed to investigate the stress-strain relation for mesostructures in diblock copolymers under the influence of chain rigidity, involving the adjustable simulation cell in the non-orthogonal coordinates by means of optimization of free energy. We elucidate the effect of the chain persistency broadly spanning from the Gaussian chain to the rigid rodlike chain on the elastic response of mesophases that deviate from the initial equilibrium structures. We analytically and numerically demonstrate that our current approach in the long chain limit recovers to the Gaussian-chain-based theory. Being ascribed to the distinct conformational behaviors for flexible chains and rigid rodlike chains, the tensile and compressive stresses applied to lamellae exhibit asymmetric deformation behaviors and the shear stress applied to the initial equilibrium hexagonal cylinders results in noticeable deviations in the shape and spatial arrangement of cylindroids for various chain rigidity values. For the zero stress, in addition, our approach can be straightforwardly utilized to explore the optimal size and shape of the simulation cell in order to achieve a stress free configuration of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. .,School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Yan ZC, Li Y, Guo Z, Shinohara A, Nakanishi T, Chen G, Pan C, Stadler FJ. Rheology of Conjugated Polymers with Bulky and Flexible Side Chains. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guangming Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Sakai-Otsuka Y, Ogawa Y, Satoh T, Chen WC, Borsali R. Carbohydrate-attached fullerene derivative for selective localization in ordered carbohydrate-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanodomains. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117528. [PMID: 33436260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A carbohydrate-based fullerene derivative (AcMal7-C61) is designed, synthesized and applied to a lamellar-forming high-χ block copolymer system, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-peracetylated maltoheptaose (P3HT-b-AcMal7), to actualize an ordered donor/acceptor (D/A) network. A well-defined D/A lamellar structure of the P3HT-b-AcMal7:AcMal7-C61 blend with sub-10 nm domain features is achieved upon thermal annealing. The AcMal7-C61 molecules are localized in the phase-separated AcMal7 nanodomains without causing the formation of fullerene crystals while maintaining the lamellar morphology up to 1:0.5 (D:A) blending ratio. The cross-sectional TEM observation and GISAXS measurement reveals that the P3HT-b-AcMal7 tends to spontaneously organize into lamellar structures oriented perpendicular to the film surface at the air/film interface while the domain orientation at the bottom interface depends on the nature of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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12
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Kuei B, Gomez ED. Pushing the limits of high-resolution polymer microscopy using antioxidants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:153. [PMID: 33420049 PMCID: PMC7794589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been transformative to the field of polymer science, enabling the direct imaging of molecular structures. Although some materials have remarkable stability under electron beams, most HRTEM studies are limited by the electron dose the sample can handle. Beam damage of conjugated polymers is not yet fully understood, but it has been suggested that the diffusion of secondary reacting species may play a role. As such, we examine the effect of the addition of antioxidants to a series of solution-processable conjugated polymers as an approach to mitigating beam damage. Characterizing the effects of beam damage by calculating critical dose DC values from the decay of electron diffraction peaks shows that beam damage of conjugated polymers in the TEM can be minimized by using antioxidants at room temperature, even if the antioxidant does not alter or incorporate into polymer crystals. As a consequence, the addition of antioxidants pushes the resolution limit of polymer microscopy, enabling imaging of a 3.6 Å lattice spacing in poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3″'-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2″;5″,2″'-quaterthiophene-5,5″'-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Kuei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
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13
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Xiao LL, Zhou X, Yue K, Guo ZH. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E110. [PMID: 33383927 PMCID: PMC7796117 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent conductivity and charge mobility, rendering them broad applications in organic electronics. Controlling over the morphologies and nanostructures of CPs is very important to improve the performance of CP-based devices, which is still a tremendously difficult task. Conjugated block copolymers (cBCPs), composed of different CP blocks or CP coupled with coiled polymeric blocks, not only maintain the advantages of high conductivity and mobility but also demonstrate features of morphological versatility and tunability. Due to the strong π-π interaction and crystallinity of the conjugated backbones, the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are very complicated and largely remain to be explored. In this tutorial review, we first summarize the general synthetic methods for different types of cBCPs. Then, recent studies on the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are discussed, with an emphasis on the structural factors that affect the morphologies of cBCPs both in bulk and thin film states. Finally, we briefly provide our outlook on the future research of the self-assembly of cBCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Xiao
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kan Yue
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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14
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Sakai-Otsuka Y, Nishiyama Y, Putaux JL, Brinkmann M, Satoh T, Chen WC, Borsali R. Competing Molecular Packing of Blocks in a Lamella-Forming Carbohydrate-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene) Copolymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Brinkmann
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICS UPR 22, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University,
N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Ahmad KS, Naqvi SN, Jaffri SB. Systematic review elucidating the generations and classifications of solar cells contributing towards environmental sustainability integration. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rapid escalation in energy demand and pressure over finite fossil fuels reserves with augmenting urbanization and industrialization points towards adoption of cleaner, sustainable and eco-friendly sources to be employed. Solar cell devices known for efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy have been attracting scientific community due to their remarkable conformity with the principles of green chemistry. The future candidacy of solar cells is expressed by their efficient conversion. Such a great potential associated with solar cells has instigated research since many decades leading to the emergence of a wide myriad of solar cells devices with novel constituent materials, designs and architecture reflected in form of three generations of the solar cells. Considering the cleaner and sustainability aspects of the solar energy, current review has systematically compiled different generations of solar cells signifying the advancements in terms of architecture and compositional parameters. In addition to the chronological progression of solar cells, current review has also focused on the innovations done in improvement of solar cells. In terms of efficiency and stability, photovoltaic community is eager to achieve augmented efficiencies and stabilities for using solar cells as an alternative to the conventional fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Syeda Naima Naqvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Shaan Bibi Jaffri
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall Rawalpindi , 46000, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
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16
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Berezkin AV, Kudryavtsev YV, Osipov MA. Tilted Lamellar Phase of the Rod–Coil Diblock Copolymer: Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Leniart A, Pula P, Sitkiewicz A, Majewski PW. Macroscopic Alignment of Block Copolymers on Silicon Substrates by Laser Annealing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4805-4815. [PMID: 32159943 PMCID: PMC7497666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser annealing is a competitive alternative to conventional oven annealing of block copolymer (BCP) thin films enabling rapid acceleration and precise spatial control of the self-assembly process. Localized heating by a moving laser beam (zone annealing), taking advantage of steep temperature gradients, can additionally yield aligned morphologies. In its original implementation it was limited to specialized germanium-coated glass substrates, which absorb visible light and exhibit low-enough thermal conductivity to facilitate heating at relatively low irradiation power density. Here, we demonstrate a recent advance in laser zone annealing, which utilizes a powerful fiber-coupled near-IR laser source allowing rapid BCP annealing over a large area on conventional silicon wafers. The annealing coupled with photothermal shearing yields macroscopically aligned BCP films, which are used as templates for patterning metallic nanowires. We also report a facile method of transferring laser-annealed BCP films onto arbitrary surfaces. The transfer process allows patterning substrates with a highly corrugated surface and single-step rapid fabrication of multilayered nanomaterials with complex morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Pula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02089, Poland
| | | | - Pawel W. Majewski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02089, Poland
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18
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Park SH, Kim Y, Kwon NY, Lee YW, Woo HY, Chae W, Park S, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Significantly Improved Morphology and Efficiency of Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Solar Cells Derived from a Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902470. [PMID: 32099759 PMCID: PMC7029657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly crystalline conjugated donor (D)-acceptor (A) block copolymer (PBDT2T-b-N2200) that has good solubility in nonhalogenated solvents is successfully synthesized. PBDT2T-b-N2200 shows a broad complementary absorption behavior owing to a wide-band gap donor (PBDT2T) present as a D-block and a narrow-band gap acceptor (N2200) present as an A-block. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with conjugated block copolymer (CBCP) are fabricated using a toluene solution and PSC created with an annealed film showing the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.43%, which is 2.4 times higher than that made with an annealed blend film of PBDT2T and N2200. Compared to the blend film, the PBDT2T-b-N2200 film exhibits a highly improved surface and internal morphology, as well as a faster photoluminescence decay lifetime, indicating a more efficient photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the PBDT2T-b-N2200 film shows high crystallinity through an effective self-assembly of each block during thermal annealing and a predominant face-on chain orientation favorable to a vertical-type PSC. Moreover, the CBCP-based PSCs exhibit an excellent shelf-life time of over 1020 h owing to their morphological stability. From these results, a D-A block copolymer system is one of the efficient strategies to improve miscibility and morphological stability in all polymer blend systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Youngseo Kim
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Young Woong Lee
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Weon‐Sik Chae
- Daegu CenterKorea Basic Science Institute80 Daehakro, BukguDaegu41566South Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Natural SciencesKorea University145 Anam‐Ro, Sungbuk‐guSeoul02841South Korea
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19
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Shi D, Wang H, Sun H, Yuan W, Wang S, Huang W. Improved efficiency of single-component active layer photovoltaics by optimizing conjugated diblock copolymers. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using an A–B type monomer instead of an AA + BB type monomer to synthesise diblock copolymers, the PCE of a single-component photovoltaic device reached 1.22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Shi
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
| | - Huabin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hua Sun
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Shifan Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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20
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Basutkar MN, Majewski PW, Doerk GS, Toth K, Osuji CO, Karim A, Yager KG. Aligned Morphologies in Near-Edge Regions of Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monali N. Basutkar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - Gregory S. Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kristof Toth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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21
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Gu K, Loo Y. The Polymer Physics of Multiscale Charge Transport in Conjugated Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Yueh‐Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the EnvironmentPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey 08544
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22
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Daripa S, Khawas K, Das S, Dey RK, Kuila BK. Aligned Proton‐Conducting Graphene Sheets via Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly and Their Application for Highly Transparent Moisture‐Sensing Conductive Coating. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumili Daripa
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
| | - Koomkoom Khawas
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi Jharkhand - 835205 India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
| | - Ratan Kumar Dey
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi Jharkhand - 835205 India
| | - Biplab Kumar Kuila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005 India
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23
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Berezkin AV, Kudryavtsev YV, Osipov MA. Phase Diagram of Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymers: Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Lee C, Lee S, Kim GU, Lee W, Kim BJ. Recent Advances, Design Guidelines, and Prospects of All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8028-8086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, South Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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25
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Yang F, Li J, Li C, Li W. Improving Electron Transport in a Double-Cable Conjugated Polymer via Parallel Perylenetriimide Design. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, P. R. China
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26
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Kaake LG. Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G. Kaake
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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27
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Rahmanudin A, Yao L, Sekar A, Cho HH, Liu Y, Lhermitte CR, Sivula K. Fully Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics via Heck-Mizoroki Coupling. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:134-139. [PMID: 35619421 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of facile routes to prepare fully conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) from diverse monomers is an important goal for advancing robust bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein we introduce a synthetic strategy for step-growth BCPs employing 1,2-bis(trialkylstannyl)ethene as one monomer, which, in addition to offering improved backbone planarity, directly yields a vinylene-terminated macromonomer suitable for Heck-Mizoroki coupling. The benefits of our strategy, which facilitates the preparation of functionalized macromonomers suitable for BCP synthesis, are demonstrated with a representative BCP based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) copolymer coded pBDTTDPP as the donor block and a perylenediimide (PDI) copolymer coded as pPDIV as the acceptor block. Feed ratio optimization affords control over the macromonomer chain-end functionalities and allows for the selective formation of a tri-BCP consisting of pPDIV-b-pBDTTDPP-b-pPDIV, which is employed in a single-component BHJ OPV. Devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1.51% after thermal stress at 150 °C compared to 0.02% for a control device consisting of a comparable blend of pBDTTDPP and pPDIV. The difference in performance is ascribed to the morphological stability of the BHJ when using the BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arvindh Sekar
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Han-Hee Cho
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Charles R. Lhermitte
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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28
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Nübling F, Hopper TR, Kuei B, Komber H, Untilova V, Schmidt SB, Brinkmann M, Gomez ED, Bakulin AA, Sommer M. Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1143-1155. [PMID: 30523687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Junction-functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) enable spatial and electronic control over interfacial charge dynamics in excitonic devices such as solar cells. Here, we present the design, synthesis, morphology, and electronic characterization of block junction-functionalized, all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a single thienylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (Th xDPPTh x, x = 1 or 2) unit, and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) are used as donor, interfacial unit, and acceptor, respectively. Almost all C-C coupling steps are accomplished by virtue of C-H activation. Synthesis of the macroreagent H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x, with x determining its C-H reactivity, is key to the synthesis of various BCPs of type H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x- block-PNDIT2. Morphology is determined from a combination of calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thin-film scattering. Block copolymer crystallinity of P3HT and PNDIT2 is reduced, indicating frustrated crystallization. A long period lp is invisible from TEM, but shows up in resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments at a length scale of lp ∼ 60 nm. Photoluminescence of H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x indicates efficient transfer of the excitation energy to the DPP chain end, but is quenched in BCP films. Transient absorption and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies reveal geminate recombination (GR) as the main loss channel in as-prepared BCP films independent of junction functionalization. Melt annealing increases GR as a result of the low degree of crystallinity and poorly defined interfaces and additionally changes backbone orientation of PNDIT2 from face-on to edge-on. These morphological effects dominate solar cell performance and cause an insensitivity to the presence of the block junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Simon B Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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29
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Kim JS, Choi JE, Park H, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Han J, Shin JM, Kim BJ. Synthesis and crystallization behavior of regioregular-block-regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioregular–regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers, synthesized by chain-transfer polycondensation, show strong crystallinity due to their one-sided distribution of regiodefects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Youngkwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Junghun Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
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30
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Ryno SM, Risko C. Deconstructing the behavior of donor–acceptor copolymers in solution & the melt: the case of PTB7. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7802-7813. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of the donor–acceptor copolymer PTB7 at near experimental scale reveal structure–dynamics correlations in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Ryno
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research
- University of Kentucky
- Lexington
- USA
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31
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Coote JP, Kim JS, Lee B, Han J, Kim BJ, Stein GE. Crystallization Modes of Poly(3-dodecylthiophene)-Based Block Copolymers Depend on Regioregularity and Morphology. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Coote
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Junghun Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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32
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Lee Y, Aplan MP, Seibers ZD, Xie R, Culp TE, Wang C, Hexemer A, Kilbey SM, Wang Q, Gomez ED. Random Copolymers Allow Control of Crystallization and Microphase Separation in Fully Conjugated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Melissa P. Aplan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zach D. Seibers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Renxuan Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tyler E. Culp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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33
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Hannon AF, Joseph Kline R, DeLongchamp D. Advancing the computational methodology of rigid rod and semiflexible polymer systems: A new solution to the wormlike chain model with rod‐coil copolymer calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Hannon
- Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 100 Bureau Drive 20899
| | - R. Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 100 Bureau Drive 20899
| | - Dean DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 100 Bureau Drive 20899
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34
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Xu Z, Lin J, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang G, Tian X, Jiang T. Distinct Photovoltaic Performance of Hierarchical Nanostructures Self-Assembled from Multiblock Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22552-22561. [PMID: 29900737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We applied a multiscale approach coupling dissipative particle dynamics method with a drift-diffusion model to elucidate the photovoltaic properties of multiblock copolymers consisting of alternating electron donor and acceptor blocks. A series of hierarchical lamellae-in-lamellar structures were obtained from the self-assembly of the multiblock copolymers. A distinct improvement in photovoltaic performance upon the morphology transformation from lamella to lamellae-in-lamella was observed. The hierarchical lamellae-in-lamellar structures significantly enhanced exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport, which consequently contributed to the improved photovoltaic performance. On the basis of our theoretical calculations, the hierarchical nanostructures can achieve much enhanced energy conversion efficiencies, improved by around 25% compared with that of general ones, through structure modulation on the number and size of the small-length-scale domains via the molecular design of multiblock copolymers. Our findings are supported by recent experimental evidence and provide guidance for designing advanced photovoltaic materials with hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
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35
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Wei S, Tian F, Ge F, Wang X, Zhang G, Lu H, Yin J, Wu Z, Qiu L. Helical Nanofibrils of Block Copolymer for High-Performance Ammonia Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22504-22512. [PMID: 29894148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with a helical structure have been in rapid development in recent years because of their potential applications in chemical and biological sensors. We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of helical nanofibrils of block copolymer poly(4-iso-cyano-benzoic acid 5-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-2-nitro-benzylester)- b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PPI(-DMAENBA)- b-P3HT) via a transfer-etching method. The density and lateral length of nanofibrils can be facilely controlled by regulating the process conditions, which, in turn, directly determine the electronic property. Organic field effect transistors based on helical nanofibrils were successfully fabricated with the highest mobility of 9.1 × 10-3 cm2/(V s)-1, an on/off ratio of 3.4 × 105, and high bias stability. The helical nanofibrils were proved to be beneficial for obtaining a highly sensitive and selective chemical sensor. And, the transistor based on helical nanofibrils exhibits a relative response of 28.6% to 100 ppb ammonia, which is even much higher than the responses to 1 ppm ammonia for homo poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibrils (7%) and block copolymer nanofibrils without helical structure (0.9%). The combination of helical structure with nanofibrils may provide a new strategy to fabricate high-performance chemical sensors suitable for use in environmental monitoring, industrial and agricultural production, health care, and foodsafety.
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36
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Nübling F, Yang D, Müller-Buschbaum P, Brinkmann M, Sommer M. In Situ Synthesis of Ternary Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18149-18160. [PMID: 29742897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of in situ-synthesized all-conjugated block copolymer (BCP) compatibilized ternary blends containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dibcarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) as donor and acceptor polymers, respectively, is presented. Both polymers are incompatible and show strong segregation in blends, which renders compatibilization with their corresponding BCPs promising to enable nanometer-phase-separated structures suitable for excitonic devices. Here, we synthesize a ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blend system and investigate the phase behavior as a function of block copolymer molecular weight and different annealing conditions. The device performance decreases on increasing annealing temperatures. To understand this effect, morphological investigations including atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) are carried out. On comparing domain sizes of pristine and compatibilized blends obtained from GISAXS, a weak compatibilization effect appears to take place for the in situ-synthesized ternary systems. The effect of thermal annealing is most prevalent for all samples, which, for the highest annealing temperature above the melting point of PNDIT2 (310 °C), ultimately leads to a change from the face-on to edge-on orientation of PNDIT2, as seen in GIWAXS. This effect dominates and decreases all photovoltaic parameters, irrespective of whether a pristine or compatibilized blend is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dan Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Univeristé de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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37
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Song JQ, Liu YX, Zhang HD. Removal Pathways of Out-of-Plane Defects in Thin Films of Lamellar Forming Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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38
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Rahmanudin A, Yao L, Jeanbourquin XA, Liu Y, Sekar A, Ripaud E, Sivula K. Melt-processing of small molecule organic photovoltaics via bulk heterojunction compatibilization. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2018; 20:2218-2224. [PMID: 29904283 PMCID: PMC5961453 DOI: 10.1039/c8gc00335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Melt-processing of organic semiconductors (OSCs) is a promising environmentally-friendly technique that can alleviate dependence on toxic chlorinated solvents. While melt-processed single-component OSC devices (e.g. field-effect-transistors) have been demonstrated, multi-component bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy that affords tunable BHJ phase segregation and domain sizes from a single-phase homogeneous melt by employing strongly-crystalline small-molecule OSCs together with a customized molecular compatibilizing (MCP) additive. An optimized photoactive BHJ with 50 wt% MCP achieved a device power conversion efficiency of ca. 1% after melting the active layer at 240 °C (15 min, followed by slow cooling) before deposition of the top electrode. BHJ morphology characterization using atomic force and Kelvin probe microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photo-luminescence measurements further demonstrate the trade-off between free charge generation and transport with respect to MCP loading in the BHJ. In addition, a functional OPV was also obtained from the melt-processing of dispersed micron-sized solid BHJ particles into a smooth and homogeneous thin-film by using the MCP approach. These results demonstrate that molecular compatibilization is a key prerequisite for further developments towards true solvent-free melt-processed BHJ OPV systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Xavier A Jeanbourquin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Arvindh Sekar
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Emilie Ripaud
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6 , CH-1015 , Switzerland .
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39
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Barber DM, Crosby AJ, Emrick T. Mesoscale Block Copolymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706118. [PMID: 29380431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials composed of well-defined mesoscale building blocks are ubiquitous in nature, with noted ability to assemble into hierarchical structures possessing exceptional physical and mechanical properties. Fabrication of similar synthetic mesoscale structures will offer opportunities for precise conformational tuning toward advantageous bulk properties, such as increased toughness or elastic modulus. This requires new materials designs to be discovered to impart such structural control. Here, the preparation of mesoscale polymers is achieved by solution fabrication of functional polymers containing photoinduced chemical triggers. Subsequent photopatterning affords mesoscale block copolymers composed of distinct segments of alternating chemical composition. When dispersed in appropriate solvents, selected segments form helices to generate architectures resembling block copolymers, but on an optically observable size scale. This approach provides a platform for producing mesoscale geometries with structural control and potential for driving materials assembly comparable to examples found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Barber
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003-9263, USA
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003-9263, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003-9263, USA
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40
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Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Advances toward the effective use of block copolymers as organic photovoltaic active layers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/acceptor block copolymers for organic photovoltaic active layers are discussed from first principles through the modern state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. J. Jones
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
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41
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Bhardwaj D, Shahjad, Gupta S, Yadav P, Bhargav R, Patra A. All Conjugated Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block
-poly(hexyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Copolymers. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhardwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Shahjad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Ranoo Bhargav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Asit Patra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
- Flexible Organic Energy Devices, Advanced Materials and Devices; CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
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42
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Cai Y, Zhang P, Shi AC. Liquid crystalline bilayers self-assembled from rod-coil diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4607-4615. [PMID: 28604893 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and phase behaviour of bilayer membranes self-assembled from rod-coil diblock copolymers are studied using the self-consistent field theory, focusing on the occurrence and relative stability of liquid crystalline phases induced by the geometric shape and orientational interaction of the rod-blocks. A variety of liquid crystalline bilayers, corresponding to the smectic phases in bulk systems, are predicted to occur as equilibrium phases of the system. The ordered morphologies and phase behaviour of the system are analyzed. Phase diagrams of the self-assembled bilayers are constructed. The theoretical results provide an understanding of the formation mechanisms of these intricate phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Cai
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Pingwen Zhang
- LMAM, CAPT and School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
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43
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Aplan MP, Gomez ED. Recent Developments in Chain-Growth Polymerizations of Conjugated Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Aplan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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44
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Nakano K, Tajima K. Organic Planar Heterojunctions: From Models for Interfaces in Bulk Heterojunctions to High-Performance Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603269. [PMID: 27885716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress regarding planar heterojunctions (PHJs) is reviewed, with respect to the fundamental understanding of the photophysical processes at the donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The current state of OPV research is summarized and the advantages of PHJs as models for exploring the relationship between organic interfaces and device characteristics described. The preparation methods and the characterization of PHJ structures to provide key points for the appropriate handling of PHJs. Next, we describe the effects of the donor/acceptor interface on each photoelectric conversion process are reviewed by examining various PHJ systems to clarify what is currently known and not known. Finally, it is discussed how we the knowledge obtained by studies of PHJs can be used to overcome the current limits of OPV efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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45
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Xie R, Lee Y, Aplan MP, Caggiano NJ, Müller C, Colby RH, Gomez ED. Glass Transition Temperature of Conjugated Polymers by Oscillatory Shear Rheometry. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Müller
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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46
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Ghosh T, Panicker JS, Nair VC. Self-Assembled Organic Materials for Photovoltaic Application. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E112. [PMID: 30970792 PMCID: PMC6431919 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells based on bulk-heterojunction architecture have been a topic of intense research for the past two decades. Recent reports on power conversion efficiency surpassing 10% suggest these devices are a viable low-cost choice for a range of applications where conventional silicon solar cells are not suitable. Further improvements in efficiency could be achieved with the enhanced interaction between the donor and acceptor components. Effective utilization of supramolecular interactions to tailor and manipulate the communication between the components in the blend is a good strategy towards this end. Literature reports suggest that the long-term stability of organic solar cells, a major hurdle for commercial applications, can also be partially addressed by generating stable supramolecular nanostructures. In this review, we have made an attempt to summarize advances in small molecule, oligomer and polymer based systems, wherein supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen-bonding, pi-pi stacking, and dipole-dipole are explored for realizing stable and efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwistha Ghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Jayanthy S Panicker
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Vijayakumar C Nair
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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47
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Ramírez-Hernández A, Hur SM, Armas-Pérez JC, de la Cruz MO, de Pablo JJ. Demixing by a Nematic Mean Field: Coarse-Grained Simulations of Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E88. [PMID: 30970766 PMCID: PMC6431948 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline polymers exhibit a particular richness of behaviors that stems from their rigidity and their macromolecular nature. On the one hand, the orientational interaction between liquid-crystalline motifs promotes their alignment, thereby leading to the emergence of nematic phases. On the other hand, the large number of configurations associated with polymer chains favors formation of isotropic phases, with chain stiffness becoming the factor that tips the balance. In this work, a soft coarse-grained model is introduced to explore the interplay of chain stiffness, molecular weight and orientational coupling, and their role on the isotropic-nematic transition in homopolymer melts. We also study the structure of polymer mixtures composed of stiff and flexible polymeric molecules. We consider the effects of blend composition, persistence length, molecular weight and orientational coupling strength on the melt structure at the nano- and mesoscopic levels. Conditions are found where the systems separate into two phases, one isotropic and the other nematic. We confirm the existence of non-equilibrium states that exhibit sought-after percolating nematic domains, which are of interest for applications in organic photovoltaic and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-M.H.); (J.C.A.-P.)
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-M.H.); (J.C.A.-P.)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Julio C. Armas-Pérez
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-M.H.); (J.C.A.-P.)
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.-M.H.); (J.C.A.-P.)
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48
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Nübling F, Komber H, Sommer M. All-Conjugated, All-Crystalline Donor–Acceptor Block Copolymers P3HT-b-PNDIT2 via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Institut
für interaktive Materialien und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Chen P, Nakano K, Suzuki K, Hashimoto K, Kikitsu T, Hashizume D, Koganezawa T, Tajima K. Organic Solar Cells with Controlled Nanostructures Based on Microphase Separation of Fullerene-Attached Thiophene-Selenophene Heteroblock Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4758-4768. [PMID: 28094499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heteroblock copolymers consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-attached poly(3-alkylselenophene) (T-b-Se-PCBP) were synthesized for organic photovoltaic applications by quasi-living catalyst transfer polycondensation and subsequent conversion reactions. Characterization of the polymers confirmed the formation of well-defined diblock structures with high loading of the fullerene at the side chain (∼40 wt %). Heteroblock copolymer cast as a thin film showed a clear microphase-separated nanostructure approximately 30 nm in repeating unit after thermal annealing, which is identical to the microphase-separated nanostructure of diblock copolymer consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-attached poly(3-alkylthiophene) (T-b-T-PCBP). These heteroblock copolymers provide an ideal platform for investigating the effects of nanostructures and interfacial energetics on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kikitsu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) , SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Schroot R, Schlotthauer T, Jäger M, Schubert US. Hydrophilic Poly(naphthalene diimide)-Based Acceptor-Photosensitizer Dyads: Toward Water-Processible Modular Photoredox-Active Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Tina Schlotthauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
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