1
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Xue X, Li C, Shangguan Z, Gao C, Chenchai K, Liao J, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Intrinsically Stretchable and Healable Polymer Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305800. [PMID: 38115748 PMCID: PMC10885676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, polymer semiconductors, extensively employed as charge transport layers in devices like organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have undergone thorough investigation due to their capacity for large-area solution processing, making them promising for mass production. Research efforts have been twofold: enhancing the charge mobilities of polymer semiconductors and augmenting their mechanical properties to meet the demands of flexible devices. Significant progress has been made in both realms, propelling the practical application of polymer semiconductors in flexible electronics. However, integrating excellent semiconducting and mechanical properties into a single polymer still remains a significant challenge. This review intends to introduce the design strategies and discuss the properties of high-charge mobility stretchable conjugated polymers. In addition, another key challenge faced in this cutting-edge field is maintaining stable semiconducting performance during long-term mechanical deformations. Therefore, this review also discusses the development of healable polymer semiconductors as a promising avenue to improve the lifetime of stretchable device. In conclusion, challenges and outline future research perspectives in this interdisciplinary field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chenchai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Wu HC, Nikzad S, Zhu C, Yan H, Li Y, Niu W, Matthews JR, Xu J, Matsuhisa N, Arunachala PK, Rastak R, Linder C, Zheng YQ, Toney MF, He M, Bao Z. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor thin films with multi-modal energy dissipation and high relative stretchability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8382. [PMID: 38104194 PMCID: PMC10725446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors (PSCs) have seen great advancements alongside the development of soft electronics. But it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve high charge carrier mobility and stretchability. Herein, we report the finding that stretchable PSC thin films (<100-nm-thick) with high stretchability tend to exhibit multi-modal energy dissipation mechanisms and have a large relative stretchability (rS) defined by the ratio of the entropic energy dissipation to the enthalpic energy dissipation under strain. They effectively recovered the original molecular ordering, as well as electrical performance, after strain was released. The highest rS value with a model polymer (P4) exhibited an average charge carrier mobility of 0.2 cm2V-1s-1 under 100% biaxial strain, while PSCs with low rS values showed irreversible morphology changes and rapid degradation of electrical performance under strain. These results suggest rS can be used as a parameter to compare the reliability and reversibility of stretchable PSC thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
| | - Yang Li
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | - Weijun Niu
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, US
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Reza Rastak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Christian Linder
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, US
| | - Mingqian He
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US.
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3
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Matsuda M, Lin CY, Enomoto K, Lin YC, Chen WC, Higashihara T. Impact of the Heteroatoms on Mobility–Stretchability Properties of n-Type Semiconducting Polymers with Conjugation Break Spacers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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4
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Xu C, Wang Z, Dong W, He C, Shi Y, Bai J, Zhang C, Gao M, Jiang H, Deng Y, Ye L, Han Y, Geng Y. Aggregation Behavior and Electrical Performance Control of Isoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers via Carbosilane Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weijia Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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5
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Wu WN, Tu TH, Pai CH, Cheng KH, Tung SH, Chan YT, Liu CL. Metallo-Supramolecular Rod–Coil Block Copolymer Thin Films for Stretchable Organic Field Effect Transistor Application. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ni Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Pai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Heng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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6
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Matsuda M, Sato KI, Terayama K, Ochiai Y, Enomoto K, Higashihara T. Synthesis of electron deficient semiconducting polymers for intrinsically stretchable n-type semiconducting materials. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Stretchable diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers with asymmetric sidechain designs for field-effect transistor applications. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Liu C, Xiao C, Wang J, Liu B, Hao Y, Guo J, Song J, Tang Z, Sun Y, Li W. Revisiting Conjugated Polymers with Long-Branched Alkyl Chains: High Molecular Weight, Excellent Mechanical Properties, and Low Voltage Losses. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yidi Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Song
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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9
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A thriving decade: rational design, green synthesis, and cutting-edge applications of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers in organic field-effect transistors. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Chen J, Huang W, Zheng D, Xie Z, Zhuang X, Zhao D, Chen Y, Su N, Chen H, Pankow RM, Gao Z, Yu J, Guo X, Cheng Y, Strzalka J, Yu X, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. Highly stretchable organic electrochemical transistors with strain-resistant performance. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:564-571. [PMID: 35501364 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Realizing fully stretchable electronic materials is central to advancing new types of mechanically agile and skin-integrable optoelectronic device technologies. Here we demonstrate a materials design concept combining an organic semiconductor film with a honeycomb porous structure with biaxially prestretched platform that enables high-performance organic electrochemical transistors with a charge transport stability over 30-140% tensional strain, limited only by metal contact fatigue. The prestretched honeycomb semiconductor channel of donor-acceptor polymer poly(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-diketo-pyrrolopyrrole-alt-2,5-bis(3-triethyleneglycoloxy-thiophen-2-yl) exhibits high ion uptake and completely stable electrochemical and mechanical properties over 1,500 redox cycles with 104 stretching cycles under 30% strain. Invariant electrocardiogram recording cycles and synapse responses under varying strains, along with mechanical finite element analysis, underscore that the present stretchable organic electrochemical transistor design strategy is suitable for diverse applications requiring stable signal output under deformation with low power dissipation and mechanical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Ding Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- Ningbo Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, P. R. China.
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hongming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Flexterra Inc., Skokie, IL, USA.
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
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11
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Molecular Design of Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Current Progress and Future Directions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4699-4715. [PMID: 35262336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors have advanced rapidly in the past decade as materials required to realize conformable and soft skin-like electronics become available. Through rational molecular-level design, stretchable polymer semiconductor films are now able to retain their electrical functionalities even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. Furthermore, their charge-carrier mobilities are on par with the best flexible polymer semiconductors, with some even exceeding that of amorphous silicon. The key advancements are molecular-design concepts that allow multiple strain energy-dissipation mechanisms, while maintaining efficient charge-transport pathways over multiple length scales. In this perspective article, we review recent approaches to confer stretchability to polymer semiconductors while maintaining high charge carrier mobilities, with emphasis on the control of both polymer-chain dynamics and thin-film morphology. Additionally, we present molecular design considerations toward intrinsically elastic semiconductors that are needed for reliable device operation under reversible and repeated deformation. A general approach involving inducing polymer semiconductor nanoconfinement allows for incorporation of several other desired functionalities, such as biodegradability, self-healing, and photopatternability, while enhancing the charge transport. Lastly, we point out future directions, including advancing the fundamental understanding of morphology evolution and its correlation with the change of charge transport under strain, and needs for strain-resilient polymer semiconductors with high mobility retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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12
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Luo N, Ren P, Feng Y, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Side-Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1131-1146. [PMID: 35084195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the rapid development of conjugated polymers because of their promising semiconducting properties and applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Recent studies have shown that side-chain engineering of conjugated polymers is an efficient strategy to increase semiconducting performance. This Perspective focuses on the side-chain modulation of conjugated polymers and evaluating their effects on the performance of OFETs. The challenges and potential applications of functional high-performance OFETs through side-chain engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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13
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Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Duan S, Ji D, Yang H. Recent Advances in High-Mobility and High-Stretchability Organic Field-Effect Transistors: From Materials, Devices to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100676. [PMID: 34928035 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are one of the essential building blocks for next-generation wearable electronics due to the high stretchability of OFET well matching with the large deformation of human skin. In recent years, some significant progress of stretchable OFETs have already been made via the strategies of stretchable molecular design and geometry engineering. However, the main opportunity and challenge of stretchable OFETs is still to simultaneously improve their stretchability and mobility. This review covers the recent advances in the research of stretchable OFETs with high mobility. First, the core stretchable materials are summarized, including organic semiconductors, electrodes, dielectrics, and substrates. Second, the materials and healing mechanism of self-healing OFET are summarized in detail. Subsequently, their different configurations and the potential applications are summarized. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuming Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
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14
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Liu F, Hou X, Hu B, Li R. Intrinsically Elastic Organic Semiconductors (IEOSs). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206130. [PMID: 34684711 PMCID: PMC8537692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic semiconductors are becoming more and more important to the development of flexible wearable electronic devices, which can be prepared by structural engineering design, blending, and the intrinsic elastification of organic semiconductors (intrinsically elastic organic semiconductor, IEOS). Compared with the elastic semiconductors prepared by structural engineering and blending, the IEOS prepared by organic synthesis has attracted numerous attentions for its solution processability and highly tunable chemical structures. For IEOSs, reasonable designs of synthetic routes and methods are the basis for realizing good mechanical and electrical properties. This brief review begins with a concise introduction of elastic semiconductors, then follows with several synthetic methods of IEOSs, and concludes the characteristics of each method, which provides guidance for the synthesis of IEOSs in the future. Furthermore, the properties of IEOSs are involved from the aspects of electrical, mechanical properties, and the applications of the IEOSs in elastic electronic devices. Finally, the challenge and an outlook which IEOSs are facing are presented in conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xueling Hou
- Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Benlin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Runwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
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15
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Ding Y, Yuan Y, Wu N, Wang X, Zhang G, Qiu L. Intrinsically Stretchable n-Type Polymer Semiconductors through Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ning Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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16
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Taheri HE, Ocheje MU, St. Onge PBJ, Rondeau-Gagné S, Mirhassani M. Computational Design of an Integrated CMOS Readout Circuit for Sensing With Organic Field-Effect Transistors. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.725008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are at the forefront of next generation electronics. This class of devices is particularly promising due to the possibility of fabrication on mechanically compliant and conformable substrates, and potential manufacturing at large scale through solution deposition techniques. However, their integration in circuits, especially using stretchable materials, is still challenging. In this work, the design and implementation of a novel structure for an integrated CMOS readout circuitry is presented and its fundamentals of operation are provided. Critical for sensing applications, the readout circuitry described is highly linear. Moreover, as several sources of mismatch and error are present in CMOS and OFET devices, a calibration technique is used to cancel out all the mismatches, thus delivering a reliable output. The readout circuit is verified in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The maximum total power consumption in the proposed readout circuit is less than 571 μW, while fully loaded calibration circuit consumes a power less than 153 μW, making it suitable for sensors applications. Based on previously reported high mobility and stretchable semiconducting polymers, this new design and readout circuitry is an important step toward a broader utilization of OFETs and the design of stretchable sensors.
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17
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Qian Z, Galuska LA, Ma G, McNutt WW, Zhang S, Mei J, Gu X. Backbone flexibility on conjugated polymer's crystallization behavior and thin film mechanical stability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Luke A. Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - William W. McNutt
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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18
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Shaik B, Khan M, Shaik MR, Sharaf MA, Sekou D, Lee SG. A-π-D-π-A-Based Small Molecules for OTFTs Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Acceptor Units. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070817. [PMID: 34357227 PMCID: PMC8304449 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A-π-D-π-A-based small molecules 6,6′-((thiophene-2,5-diylbis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-T) and 6,6′-(((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-EDOT) have been designed and synthesized. The diketopyrrolopyrrole acts as an electron acceptor, while the thiophene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene acts as an electron donor. The donor–acceptor groups are connected by an ethynyl bridge to further enhance the conjugation. The optoelectronics, electrochemical, and thermal properties have been investigated. Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices prepared from TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown p-type mobility. In as cast films, TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown a hole mobility of 5.44 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 4.13 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The increase in the mobility of TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT OTFT devices was observed after annealing at 150 °C, after which the mobilities were 3.11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baji Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea;
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (S.-G.L.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammed A.F. Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doumbia Sekou
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sang-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Graduate School for Molecular Materials and Nanochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (S.-G.L.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
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19
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Strategic design and synthesis of π-conjugated polymers suitable as intrinsically stretchable semiconducting materials. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Yu G. Recent structural evolution of lactam- and imide-functionalized polymers applied in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6844-6878. [PMID: 34123315 PMCID: PMC8153080 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials, especially donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers, have been increasingly applied in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Plenty of high-performance OFETs and OSCs have been achieved based on varieties of structurally modified D-A polymers. As the basic building block of D-A polymers, acceptor moieties have drawn much attention. Among the numerous types, lactam- and imide-functionalized electron-deficient building blocks have been widely investigated. In this review, the structural evolution of lactam- or imide-containing acceptors (for instance, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide) is covered and their representative polymers applied in OFETs and OSCs are also discussed, with a focus on the effect of varied structurally modified acceptor moieties on the physicochemical and photoelectrical properties of polymers. Additionally, this review discusses the current issues that need to be settled down and the further development of new types of acceptors. It is hoped that this review could help design new electron-deficient building blocks, find a more valid method to modify already reported acceptor units, and achieve high-performance semiconductor materials eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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21
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Yen HC, Lin YC, Chen WC. Modulation of the Hydrophilicity on Asymmetric Side Chains of Isoindigo-Based Polymers for Improving Carrier Mobility–Stretchability Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Lv S, Li L, Mu Y, Wan X. Side-chain engineering as a powerful tool to tune the properties of polymeric field-effect transistors. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Lv
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Youbing Mu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wan
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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23
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Isoindigo (IID)‐Based Semiconductor with F⋯S Interaction Locked Conformation for High‐Performance Ambipolar Bottom‐Gate Top‐Contact Field‐Effect Transistors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Lin YC, Chen CK, Chiang YC, Hung CC, Fu MC, Inagaki S, Chueh CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Study on Intrinsic Stretchability of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers with Poly(acryl amide) Side Chains for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33014-33027. [PMID: 32536156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a π-conjugated polymer with hydrogen-bonding moieties has aroused great attention because of the improved molecular stacking and the hydrogen-bonding network. In this study, PDPPTVT (diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophenevinylenethiophene) and PDPPSe (diketopyrrolopyrrole-selenophene) alkylated with a carbosilane (SiC8) side chain and poly(acryl amide) (PAM)-incorporated alkyl side chain were prepared, and their structure-performance and structure-stretchability correlation were evaluated. By incorporating the DPPTVT backbone and 0, 5, 10, or 20% PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain, the μh value could reach 2.0, 0.97, 0.74, and 0.42 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively (P1 to P4). The polymer with the PDPPSe backbone and 5% PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain (P5) exhibited the maximum μh value of 0.96 cm2 V-1 s-1. By extending the PAM moiety from the backbone with alkyl spacers, the solid-state packing and edge-on orientation can be properly maintained. Surprisingly, the PAM-incorporated alkyl side-chain can provide a hydrogen-bonding network serving as sacrificial bonding to mechanical deformation. Therefore, the relevant changes in the crystallographic parameters including the crystalline size and the in-plane π-π stacking distance with a 100% external strain were less than 4 and 0.8%, respectively, from P1 to P3. Therefore, P3 achieved an excellent stretchability while maintaining its molecular orientation and charge-transporting performance. Even with 100% external strain, P3 still provided an orthogonal μh over 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1. Moreover, by substituting the TVT moiety with the Se moiety, the ductility of the backbone can be further increased when the elastic modulus decreases from 0.80 to 0.36 GPa for P2 to P5. The achieved high μh retention is over 20% after 500 stretching-releasing cycles with a 60% external strain perpendicular to the channel direction for the polymer composed of PDPPSe and 5% PAM content. The results manifest that our newly designed DPP with the PAM-incorporated alkyl side chain provides a promising approach to promote the intrinsic stretchability of the π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chun Fu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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25
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Pei D, Wang Z, Peng Z, Zhang J, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Impact of Molecular Weight on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of a High-Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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26
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Sim K, Rao Z, Ershad F, Yu C. Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902417. [PMID: 31206819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engineering to accommodate mechanical stretching rather than imposing strain into the materials directly. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i.e., rubbery electronics, suggests a feasible a venue. Rubbery electronics have gained increasing interest due to the unique advantages that they and their associated manufacturing technologies have offered. This work reviews the recent progress in developing rubbery electronics, including the crucial stretchable elastomeric materials of rubbery conductors, rubbery semiconductors, and rubbery dielectrics. Thereafter, various rubbery electronics such as rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, rubbery optoelectronic devices, and rubbery sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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27
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Jiang DH, Kobayashi S, Jao CC, Mato Y, Isono T, Fang YH, Lin CC, Satoh T, Tung SH, Kuo CC. Light Down-Converter Based on Luminescent Nanofibers from the Blending of Conjugated Rod-Coil Block Copolymers and Perovskite through Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E84. [PMID: 31947779 PMCID: PMC7023616 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a novel strategy for the preparation of light down-converter by combining rod-coil block copolymers with perovskite quantum dots (QDs) through electrospinning. Reports have shown that polymer deformability can be enhanced by incorporating a soft segment and controlled by varying the rod/coil ratio. Therefore, we first synthesized the rod-coil block copolymer through the click reaction of polyfluorene (PF) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA). Next, the CsPbBr3@PF8k-b-PBA12k composite fibers were fabricated by blending perovskite through electrospinning. Optical spectral evidence demonstrated the success of the strategy, as light down-converters were prepared through the controlled variance of QD/polymer ratios to achieve tunable color and stretchability. This result reveals the potential of using rod-coil block copolymers to fabricate color-tunable perovskite light down-converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Saburo Kobayashi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chih-Chun Jao
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Yoshinobu Mato
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Yu-Han Fang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (D.-H.J.); (C.-C.J.); (Y.-H.F.); (C.-C.L.)
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28
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Wang SH, Wang TW, Tsai HC, Yang PC, Huang CF, Lee RH. Synthesis of the diketopyrrolopyrrole/terpyridine substituted carbazole derivative based polythiophenes for photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9525-9535. [PMID: 35497255 PMCID: PMC9050168 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of conjugated polythiophenes (PTs) having low band gap energies (PDPP, PDPCz21, PDPCz11), with 2-ethylhexyl-functionalized 2,5-thienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as the electron acceptor and terpyridine-substituted carbazole (TPCz) as the electron donor, have been synthesized and studied for their applicability in polymer-based photovoltaic cells (PVCs). The thermal stability and solvent solubility of PTs increased upon increasing the content of the TPCz derivative. PVCs were fabricated having the following architecture: indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/PT:6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)/Ca/Ag. The compatibility between the PT and PC71BM improved upon increasing the TPCz content. The photovoltaic properties of the PDPCz21-based PVCs were superior to those of their PDPP- and PDPCz11-based counterparts. A series of conjugated polythiophenes (PTs) having low band gap energies (PDPP, PDPCz21, PDPCz11) have been synthesized and studied for their applicability in polymer-based photovoltaic cells (PVCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Sci. and Tech
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center
| | - Po-Chih Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Yuan Ze University
- Taoyuan City 320
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
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29
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Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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30
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Selivanova M, Zhang S, Billet B, Malik A, Prine N, Landry E, Gu X, Xiang P, Rondeau-Gagné S. Branched Polyethylene as a Plasticizing Additive to Modulate the Mechanical Properties of π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Aleena Malik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Nathaniel Prine
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Eric Landry
- PolyAnalytik Inc., 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Peng Xiang
- PolyAnalytik Inc., 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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31
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Lin YC, Chen FH, Chiang YC, Chueh CC, Chen WC. Asymmetric Side-Chain Engineering of Isoindigo-Based Polymers for Improved Stretchability and Applications in Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34158-34170. [PMID: 31441307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thus far, there is still no study systematically investigating the influence of asymmetric side-chain design on a polymer's stretchability and its associated stretchable device applications. Herein, three kinds of asymmetric side chains consisting of carbosilane side chain (Si-C8), siloxane-terminated side chain (SiO-C8), and decyltetradecane side chain (DT) are engineered in isoindigo-bithiophene (PII2T, P1-P3) and isoindigo-difluorobithiophene (PII2TF, P4-P6) conjugated polymers, and their structure-stretchability correlation is explored in field-effect transistor characterization. It is revealed that owing to the geometric difference between the side chains, different asymmetric side-chain combinations impose distinct influences on the molecular stacking and orientation of the derived polymers. Surprisingly, the combination of asymmetric side chains and backbone fluorination is shown to deliver the best stretchability and mechanical durability of the derived polymer. Consequently, P6 consisting of asymmetric Si-C8/DT side chains and fluorinated backbone possesses the best mobility preservation of 81% at 100% strain with the stretching force perpendicular to the charge-transporting direction. Moreover, it presents 90% mobility retention after 400 stretching-releasing cycles with 60% strain, greatly exceeding the value (36%) of the non-fluorinated counterpart (P3). Our results suggest that the rational design of asymmetric side chains and backbone fluorination provides an efficient way to enhance the intrinsic stretchability of conjugated polymers.
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32
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Chiang YC, Wu HC, Wen HF, Hung CC, Hong CW, Kuo CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Tailoring Carbosilane Side Chains toward Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han-Fang Wen
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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33
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Lin YC, Shih CC, Chiang YC, Chen CK, Chen WC. Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers using poly(acrylate amide) side chains for organic field-effect transistors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00845d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated copolymers for organic field-effect transistors with high carrier mobility were achieved using hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylate amide) side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| | - Yun-Chih Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
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34
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Ma R, Chou SY, Xie Y, Pei Q. Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1741-1786. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00834e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of intrinsically stretchable electronics poses great challenges in synthesizing elastomeric conductors, semiconductors and dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Ma
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Shu-Yu Chou
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Yu Xie
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of California
- Los Angeles
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35
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Chiang YC, Kobayashi S, Isono T, Shih CC, Shingu T, Hung CC, Hsieh HC, Tung SH, Satoh T, Chen WC. Effect of a conjugated/elastic block sequence on the morphology and electronic properties of polythiophene based stretchable block copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, morphology, and electronic properties of intrinsically stretchable AB-type, ABA-type, and BAB-type block copolymers (BCPs) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT: A block) and elastic poly(octylene oxide) (POO: B block).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Saburo Kobayashi
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Tomoki Shingu
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
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36
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Gao Y, Bai J, Sui Y, Han Y, Deng Y, Tian H, Geng Y, Wang F. High Mobility Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers Synthesized via Direct Arylation Polycondensation: Influence of Thiophene Moieties and Side Chains. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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37
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Chen S, Jung S, Cho HJ, Kim N, Jung S, Xu J, Oh J, Cho Y, Kim H, Lee B, An Y, Zhang C, Xiao M, Ki H, Zhang Z, Kim J, Li Y, Park H, Yang C. Highly Flexible and Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells with High‐Viscosity Processing Polymer Additive toward Potential of Stretchable Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13277-13282. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cho
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Na‐Hyang Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Seungon Jung
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Jianqiu Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Kim
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yujin An
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hyungson Ki
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ju‐Young Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hyesung Park
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
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38
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Melenbrink EL, Hilby KM, Alkhadra MA, Samal S, Lipomi DJ, Thompson BC. Influence of Systematic Incorporation of Conjugation-Break Spacers into Semi-Random Polymers on Mechanical and Electronic Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32426-32434. [PMID: 30180546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An extensive family of semi-random polymers was prepared via Stille polycondensation with varying contents of alkyl spacers incorporated into the polymer backbone to serve as a break in conjugation. This family was investigated to determine the effect of alkyl spacer length and percent incorporation on the optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. The optical bandgap was found to steadily increase from 1.53 to 1.70 eV as the amount of spacer was increased from 10 mol percent to 40 mol percent while the length of the spacer had little to no effect. In space charge limited current (SCLC) carrier mobility measurements, hole mobility was found to decrease as the amount of spacer increased but was found to steadily increase as the length of the spacer was increased from 6 to 10 carbons. Mechanical properties were observed by film-on-elastomer and film-on-water measurements, with low elastic moduli and high ductility attributed both to the break in conjugation as well as the semi-random structure of the polymer backbone. Measurements of the mechanical properties using the buckling method revealed elastic moduli between 0.14 and 1.3 GPa, and several polymers, when bonded to an elastomeric substrate, could be stretched beyond 80% strain. These polymers were further tested as free-standing films by obtaining a pull test on the surface of water, where we obtained tensile moduli between 0.13 and 0.75 GPa. These results indicate that semi-random polymers with conjugation-break spacers are promising candidates for further study in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Melenbrink
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1661 , United States
| | - Kristan M Hilby
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , Mail Code 0448, La Jolla , California 92093-0448 , United States
| | - Mohammad A Alkhadra
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , Mail Code 0448, La Jolla , California 92093-0448 , United States
| | - Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1661 , United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , Mail Code 0448, La Jolla , California 92093-0448 , United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1661 , United States
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39
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Sugiyama F, Kleinschmidt AT, Kayser LV, Rodriquez D, Finn M, Alkhadra MA, Wan JMH, Ramírez J, Chiang ASC, Root SE, Savagatrup S, Lipomi DJ. Effects of flexibility and branching of side chains on the mechanical properties of low-bandgap conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2018; 9:4354-4363. [PMID: 30873221 PMCID: PMC6411084 DOI: 10.1039/c8py00820e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes effects of the flexibility, length, and branching of side chains on the mechanical properties of low-bandgap semiconducting polymers. The backbones of the polymer chains comprise a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) motif flanked by two furan rings and copolymerized by Stille polycondensation with thiophene (DPP2FT). The side chains of the DPP fall into three categories: linear alkyl (C8, C14, or C16), branched alkyl (ethylhexyl, EH, or hexyldecyl, HD), and linear oligo(ethylene oxide) (EO3, EO4, or EO5). Polymers bearing C8 and C14 side chains are obtained in low yields and thus not pursued. Thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties are plotted against the number of carbon and oxygen atoms in the side chain. We obtain consistent trends in the thermal and mechanical properties for branched alkyl and linear oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains. For example, the glass transition temperature (T g) and elastic modulus decrease with increasing number of carbon and oxygen atoms, whereas the crack-onset strain increases. Among polymers with side chains of 16 carbon and oxygen atoms (C16, HD, and EO5), C16 exhibits the highest T g and the greatest susceptibility to fracture. Hole mobility, as measured in thin-film transistors, appears to be a poor predictor of electronic performance for polymers blended with [60]PCBM in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. For example, while EO3 and EO4 exhibit the lowest mobilities (< 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1) in thin-film transistors, solar cells made using these materials performed the best (efficiency > 2.6%) in unoptimized devices. Conversely, C16 exhibits the highest mobility (≈ 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1) but produces poor solar cells (efficiency < 0.01%). We attribute the lack of correlation between mobility and power conversion efficiency to unfavorable morphology in the BHJ solar cells. Given the desirable properties measured for EO3 and EO4, the use of flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains is a successful strategy to impart mechanical deformability to organic solar cells, without sacrificing electronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Sugiyama
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
- JSR Corporation, 1-9-2, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8640, Japan
| | - Andrew T. Kleinschmidt
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Laure V. Kayser
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Mickey Finn
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Mohammad A. Alkhadra
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Jeremy M.-H. Wan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Julian Ramírez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Andrew S.-C. Chiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448
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40
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Chen S, Jung S, Cho HJ, Kim N, Jung S, Xu J, Oh J, Cho Y, Kim H, Lee B, An Y, Zhang C, Xiao M, Ki H, Zhang Z, Kim J, Li Y, Park H, Yang C. Highly Flexible and Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells with High‐Viscosity Processing Polymer Additive toward Potential of Stretchable Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cho
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Na‐Hyang Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Seungon Jung
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Jianqiu Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Kim
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yujin An
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hyungson Ki
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ju‐Young Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hyesung Park
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
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41
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Li Y, Tatum WK, Onorato JW, Zhang Y, Luscombe CK. Low Elastic Modulus and High Charge Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Indacenodithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers for Potential Applications in Stretchable Electronics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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42
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Hung CC, Nakahira S, Chiu YC, Isono T, Wu HC, Watanabe K, Chiang YC, Takashima S, Borsali R, Tung SH, Satoh T, Chen WC. Control over Molecular Architectures of Carbohydrate-Based Block Copolymers for Stretchable Electrical Memory Devices. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Nakahira
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Kodai Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Shoichi Takashima
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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43
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Ohnishi I, Hashimoto K, Tajima K. Synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers with polydimethylsiloxane side chains and their application in organic field-effect transistors. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172025. [PMID: 29657801 PMCID: PMC5882725 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was investigated as a solubilizing group for π-conjugated polymers with the aim of combining high solubility in organic solvents with the molecular packing in solid films that is advantageous for charge transport. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers with different contents and substitution patterns of the PDMS side chains were synthesized and evaluated for application in organic field-effect transistors. The PDMS side chains greatly increased the solubility of the polymers and led to shorter d-spacings of the π-stacking in the thin films compared with polymers containing conventional branched alkyl side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inori Ohnishi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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44
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Ocheje MU, Selivanova M, Zhang S, Van Nguyen TH, Charron BP, Chuang CH, Cheng YH, Billet B, Noori S, Chiu YC, Gu X, Rondeau-Gagné S. Influence of amide-containing side chains on the mechanical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy to modify the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers has been developed through the incorporation of amide moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | | | - Brynn P. Charron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Suendues Noori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
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45
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Hsieh HC, Hung CC, Watanabe K, Chen JY, Chiu YC, Isono T, Chiang YC, Reghu RR, Satoh T, Chen WC. Unraveling the stress effects on the optical properties of stretchable rod-coil polyfluorene-poly(n-butyl acrylate) block copolymer thin films. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel deformable and fluorescent PF-b-PBA copolymers with nanofibrillar structures were synthesized for unraveling strain-dependent optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
| | - Jung-Yao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Renji R. Reghu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- and Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
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46
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Xue G, Zhao X, Qu G, Xu T, Gumyusenge A, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Diao Y, Li H, Mei J. Symmetry Breaking in Side Chains Leading to Mixed Orientations and Improved Charge Transport in Isoindigo-alt-Bithiophene Based Polymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25426-25433. [PMID: 28704039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The selection of side chains is important in design of conjugated polymers. It not only affects their intrinsic physical properties, but also has an impact on thin film morphologies. Recent reports suggested that a face-on/edge-on bimodal orientation observed in polymer thin films may be responsible for a three-dimensional (3D) charge transport and leads to dramatically improved mobility in donor-acceptor based conjugated polymers. To achieve a bimodal orientation in thin films has been seldom explored from the aspect of molecular design. Here, we demonstrate a design strategy involving the use of asymmetric side chains that enables an isoindigo-based polymer to adopt a distinct bimodal orientation, confirmed by the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. As a result, the polymer presents an average high mobility of 3.8 ± 0.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a maximum value of 5.1 cm2 V-1 s-1, in comparison with 0.47 and 0.51 cm2 V-1 s-1 obtained from the two reference polymers. This study exemplifies a new strategy to develop the next generation polymers through understanding the property-structure relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xikang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ge Qu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianbai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Aristide Gumyusenge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhuorui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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47
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Wen HF, Wu HC, Aimi J, Hung CC, Chiang YC, Kuo CC, Chen WC. Soft Poly(butyl acrylate) Side Chains toward Intrinsically Stretchable Polymeric Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistor Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Fang Wen
- Institute
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | | | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | | | | | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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48
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Gao Y, Deng Y, Tian H, Zhang J, Yan D, Geng Y, Wang F. Multifluorination toward High-Mobility Ambipolar and Unipolar n-Type Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Isoindigo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606217. [PMID: 28165172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a "multifluorination" strategy, ambipolar donor-acceptor conjugated polymer with hole and electron mobility (μh and μe ) up to 3.94 and 3.50 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively, and unipolar n-type donor-acceptor conjugated polymers with μe up to 4.97 cm2 V-1 s-1 is synthesized with isoindigo as acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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49
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Root SE, Savagatrup S, Printz AD, Rodriquez D, Lipomi DJ. Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors for Stretchable, Highly Flexible, and Mechanically Robust Electronics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6467-6499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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50
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Wang JT, Takshima S, Wu HC, Shih CC, Isono T, Kakuchi T, Satoh T, Chen WC. Stretchable Conjugated Rod–Coil Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(butyl acrylate) Thin Films for Field Effect Transistor Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Tzeng Wang
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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