1
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De Franceschi I, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides: their step-economical synthesis, depolymerization and use in polymer networks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2805-2816. [PMID: 38404375 PMCID: PMC10882489 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science remains largely unexplored due to their challenging, low yielding and time-consuming synthesis. This work first describes a step-economical method for synthesizing unnatural sequence-defined oligoamides through fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry. The use of a monodisperse soluble support enables homogeneous reactions at elevated temperature (up to 65 °C), leading to rapid coupling times (<10 min) and improved synthesis protocols. Moreover, a one-pot procedure for the two involved iterative steps is demonstrated via an intermediate quenching step, eliminating the need for in-between purification. The protocol is optimized using γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as initial amino acid, and the unique ability of the resulting oligomers to depolymerize, with the formation of cyclic γ-butyrolactame, is evidenced. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the versatility of the present protocol, a library of 17 unnatural amino acid monomers is synthesized, starting from the readily available GABA-derivative 4-amino-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, and then used to create multifunctional tetramers. Notably, the obtained tetramers show higher thermal stability than a similar thiolactone-based sequence-defined macromolecule, which enables its exploration within a material context. To that end, a bidirectional growth approach is proposed as a greener alternative that reduces the number of synthetic steps to obtain telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides. The latter are finally used as macromers for the preparation of polymer networks. We expect this strategy to pave the way for the further exploration of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
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2
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Konietzny PB, Freytag J, Feldhof MI, Müller JC, Ohl D, Stehle T, Hartmann L. Synthesis of Homo- and Heteromultivalent Fucosylated and Sialylated Oligosaccharide Conjugates via Preactivated N-Methyloxyamine Precision Macromolecules and Their Binding to Polyomavirus Capsid Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5273-5284. [PMID: 36398945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are a versatile class of bioactive molecules that have found application as vaccines and antivirals and in cancer therapy. Their synthesis typically involves elaborate functionalization and use of protecting groups on the carbohydrate component in order to ensure efficient and selective conjugation. Alternatively, non-functionalized, non-protected carbohydrates isolated from biological sources or derived through biotechnological methods can be directly conjugated via N-methyloxyamine groups. In this study, we introduce such N-methyloxyamine groups into a variety of multivalent scaffolds─from small to oligomeric to polymeric scaffolds─making use of solid-phase polymer synthesis to assemble monodisperse sequence-defined macromolecules. These scaffolds are then successfully functionalized with different types of human milk oligosaccharides deriving a library of homo- and heteromultivalent glycoconjugates. Glycomacromolecules presenting oligosaccharide side chains with either α2,3- or α2,6-linked terminal sialic acid are used in a binding study with two types of polyomavirus capsid proteins showing that the multivalent presentation through the N-methyloxyamine-derived scaffolds increases the number of contacts with the protein. Overall, a straightforward route to derive glycoconjugates from complex oligosaccharides with high variability yet control in the multivalent scaffold is presented, and applicability of the derived structures is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jasmin Freytag
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Melina I Feldhof
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joshua C Müller
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniel Ohl
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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3
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Zhao T, Terracciano R, Becker J, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Hierarchy of Complex Glycomacromolecules: From Controlled Topologies to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:543-575. [PMID: 34982551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates bearing a distinct complexity use a special code (Glycocode) to communicate with carbohydrate-binding proteins at a high precision to manipulate biological activities in complex biological environments. The level of complexity in carbohydrate-containing macromolecules controls the amount and specificity of information that can be stored in biomacromolecules. Therefore, a better understanding of the glycocode is crucial to open new areas of biomedical applications by controlling or manipulating the interaction between immune cells and pathogens in terms of trafficking and signaling, which would become a powerful tool to prevent infectious diseases. Even though a certain level of progress has been achieved over the past decade, synthetic glycomacromolecules are still lagging far behind naturally existing glycans in terms of complexity and precision because of insufficient and inefficient synthetic techniques. Currently, specific targeting at a cellular level using synthetic glycomacromolecules is still challenging. It is obvious that multidisciplinary collaborations are essential between different specialized disciplines to enhance the carbohydrate receptor-targeting paradigm for new biomedical applications. In this Perspective, recent developments in the synthesis of sophisticated glycomacromolecules are highlighted, and their biological and biomedical applications are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Terracciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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4
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Zheng Z, Wang B, Chen J, Wang Y, Miao Z, Shang C, Zhang Q. Facile synthesis of Antibacterial, Biocompatible, quaternized Poly(ionic liquid)s with pendant saccharides. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Pasch P, Killa M, Junghans HL, Schmidt M, Schmidt S, Voskuhl J, Hartmann L. Take your Positions and Shine: Effects of Positioning Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminophores within Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Chemistry 2021; 27:10186-10192. [PMID: 33876476 PMCID: PMC8362002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A luminophore with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is employed for the conjugation onto supramolecular ligands to allow for detection of ligand binding. Supramolecular ligands are based on the combination of sequence‐defined oligo(amidoamine) scaffolds and guanidiniocarbonyl‐pyrrole (GCP) as binding motif. We hypothesize that AIE properties are strongly affected by positioning of the luminophore within the ligand scaffold. Therefore, we systematically investigate the effects placing the AIE luminophore at different positions within the overall construct, for example, in the main or side chain of the olig(amidoamine). Indeed, we can show that the position within the ligand structure strongly affects AIE, both for the ligand itself as well as when applying the ligand for the detection of different biological and synthetic polyanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pasch
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Matthias Killa
- Faculty of chemistry (Organic chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Hauke Lukas Junghans
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmidt
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Faculty of chemistry (Organic chemistry) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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6
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Synthesis of a Divinyl-functionalized Diamantane-Analogue from naturally occurring myo-Inositol and its application to polymer synthesis via the Thiol-ene reaction. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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7
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Jacobi F, Wilms D, Seiler T, Queckbörner T, Tabatabai M, Hartmann L, Schmidt S. Effect of PEGylation on Receptor Anchoring and Steric Shielding at Interfaces: An Adhesion and Surface Plasmon Resonance Study with Precision Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4850-4856. [PMID: 32986404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at quantifying the steric shielding effect of multivalent glycoconjugates targeting pathogens by blocking their carbohydrate binding sites. Specifically, PEGylated and non-PEGylated glycoconjugates are studied as inhibitors of lectins and bacterial adhesins evaluating the steric repulsion effect of the nonbinding PEG chains. We use the soft colloidal probe (SCP) adhesion assay to monitor the change in the adhesion energy of mannose (Man)-decorated hydrogel particles on a layer of concanavalin A (ConA) in the presence of sequence-defined multivalent glycoconjugate inhibitors over time. The results show that PEGylated glycoconjugates achieve a stronger adhesion inhibition when compared to non-PEGylated glycoconjugates although the dissociation constants (KD) of the PEGgylated compounds to ConA were larger. These results appear in line with Escherichia coli adhesion inhibition assays showing a small increase of bacteria detachment by PEGgylated glycoconjugates compared to non-PEGylated compounds. This suggests that an increase of sterical shielding via PEGylation may help reduce the invasiveness of pathogens even after they have adhered. Adhesion studies based on electrostatic interactions using amine-linked PEG of varying molecular weight confirm that such sterical shielding effect is not limited to carbohydrate-mediated adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Jacobi
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimitri Wilms
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa Seiler
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Torben Queckbörner
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Monir Tabatabai
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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8
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Soria-Martinez L, Bauer S, Giesler M, Schelhaas S, Materlik J, Janus K, Pierzyna P, Becker M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L, Schelhaas M. Prophylactic Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Glycomimetic Oligomers and Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5252-5265. [PMID: 32105452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the potential of highly sulfated synthetic glycomimetics to act as inhibitors of viral binding/infection. Our results indicate that both long-chain glycopolymers and short-chain glycooligomers are capable of preventing viral infection. Notably, glycopolymers efficiently inhibit Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) infection in vitro and maintain their antiviral activity in vivo, while the glycooligomers exert their inhibitory function post attachment of viruses to cells. Moreover, when we tested the potential for broader activity against several other human pathogenic viruses, we observed broad-spectrum antiviral activity of these compounds beyond our initial assumptions. While the compounds tested displayed a range of antiviral efficacies, viruses with rather diverse glycan specificities such as Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Influenza A Virus (IAV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) could be targeted. This opens new opportunities to develop broadly active glycomimetic inhibitors of viral entry and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soria-Martinez
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre CiMIC, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jennifer Materlik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kevin Janus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Patrick Pierzyna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mario Schelhaas
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre CiMIC, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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9
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Perry SL, Sing CE. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Opportunities in the Physics of Sequence-Defined Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:216-225. [PMID: 35638672 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer science has been driven by ever-increasing molecular complexity, as polymer synthesis expands an already-vast palette of chemical and architectural parameter space. Copolymers represent a key example, where simple homopolymers have given rise to random, alternating, gradient, and block copolymers. Polymer physics has provided the insight needed to explore this monomer sequence parameter space. The future of polymer science, however, must contend with further increases in monomer precision, as this class of macromolecules moves ever closer to the sequence-monodisperse polymers that are the workhorses of biology. The advent of sequence-defined polymers gives rise to opportunities for material design, with increasing levels of chemical information being incorporated into long-chain molecules; however, this also raises questions that polymer physics must address. What properties uniquely emerge from sequence-definition? Is this circumstance-dependent? How do we define and think about sequence dispersity? How do we think about a hierarchy of sequence effects? Are more sophisticated characterization methods, as well as theoretical and computational tools, needed to understand this class of macromolecules? The answers to these questions touch on many difficult scientific challenges, setting the stage for a rich future for sequence-defined polymers in polymer physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts−Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Shamout F, Fischer L, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Recovery, Purification, and Reusability of Building Blocks for Solid Phase Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900473. [PMID: 31794100 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase synthesis (SPS) is well established for the synthesis of biomacromolecules such as peptides, oligonucelotides, and oligosaccharides, and today is also used for the synthesis of synthetic macromolecules and polymers. The key feature of this approach is the stepwise assembly of building blocks on solid support, enabling monodispersity and monomer sequence control. However, in order to achieve such control, a high excess of building blocks is required during the reaction. Herein, the recovery, purification, and reusability of building blocks used in SPS, including representative examples of tailor-made building blocks, Fmoc-protected amino acids, and functionalized carbohydrate ligands, are reported for the first time. Results demonstrate the general applicability with recovery in high yields and high purity. Furthermore, the described recovery process can be applied in both manual and automated synthesis using a standard peptide synthesizer. Overall, this process is envisioned to be applicable for a large variety of building blocks used in the SPS of different types of molecules, and to contribute to more resourceful SPS syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Shamout
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Davidson College, Department of Chemistry, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Shamout F, Monaco A, Yilmaz G, Becer CR, Hartmann L. Synthesis of Brush‐Like Glycopolymers with Monodisperse, Sequence‐Defined Side Chains and Their Interactions with Plant and Animal Lectins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900459. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Shamout
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DuesseldorfUniversitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | | | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham NG2 2RD UK
| | | | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich Heine University DuesseldorfUniversitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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12
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Schmidt S, Paul TJ, Strzelczyk AK. Interactive Polymer Gels as Biomimetic Sensors for Carbohydrate Interactions and Capture–Release Devices for Pathogens. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Tanja Janine Paul
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Alexander Klaus Strzelczyk
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
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13
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Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tunable biomaterials from synthetic, sequence-controlled polymers. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:490-505. [PMID: 30628589 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have many applications including therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical implants and devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Both naturally-derived and synthetic materials have successfully been used for these applications in the clinic. However, the increasing complexity of these applications requires materials with advanced properties, especially customizable or tunable materials with bioactivity. To address this issue, there have been recent efforts to better recapitulate the properties of natural materials using synthetic biomaterials composed of sequence-controlled polymers. Sequence control mimics the primary structure found in biopolymers, and in many cases, provides an extra handle for functionality in synthetic polymers. Here, we first review the advances in synthetic methods that have enabled sequence-controlled biomaterials on a relevant scale, and discuss strategies for choosing functional sequences from a biomaterials engineering context. Then, we highlight several recent studies that show strong impact of sequence control on biomaterial properties, including in vitro and in vivo behavior, in the areas of hydrogels, therapeutic materials, and novel applications such as molecular barcodes for medical devices. The role of sequence control in biomaterials properties is an emerging research area, and there remain many opportunities for investigation. Further study of this topic may significantly advance our understanding of bioactive or smart materials, as well as contribute design rules to guide the development of synthetic biomaterials for future applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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14
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Camaleño de la Calle A, Gerke C, Chang XJ, Grafmüller A, Hartmann L, Schmidt S. Multivalent Interactions of Polyamide Based Sequence‐Controlled Glycomacromolecules with Concanavalin A. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900033. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camaleño de la Calle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Gerke
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Xi Jeffrey Chang
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14478 Potsdam Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
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15
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Holloway JO, Wetzel KS, Martens S, Du Prez FE, Meier MAR. Direct comparison of solution and solid phase synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules of high molecular weight are synthesised by the combination of click chemistry with multicomponent reactions. The synthesis is performed on solid phase as well as in solution to directly compare the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Katharina S. Wetzel
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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Gerke C, Siegfeld P, Schaper K, Hartmann L. Enabling Directional Sequence-Control via Step-Growth Polymerization of Heterofunctionalized Precision Macromonomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800735. [PMID: 30466174 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of periodic copolymers with a regularly recurring sequence in one direction along the polymeric backbone is presented, applying a step-growth polymerization of heterofunctionalized precision macromonomers derived from solid phase synthesis (SPS) via photoinduced thiol-ene coupling (TEC). Heterofunctional macromonomers with monomer sequence-control of the AB type present a terminal alkene and a terminal thiol group carrying a photolabile protecting group to avoid uncontrolled polymerization by self-initiation. As protecting group, 3,4-methylenebisoxy-6-nitrobenzyl is attached onto the thiol via its bromide derivative directly on solid support. The protected heterofunctionalized macromonomer is polymerized in a two-step procedure, first cleaving the photolabile group and subsequent polymerization of the macromonomer via TEC, giving a high molecular weight polymer with M ¯ n of 23.8 kDa corresponding to a X ¯ n of 10 with one directional sequence-control due to their consistent head-to-tail linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Siegfeld
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Schaper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätsstraße 1, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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