1
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Shen T, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. Rational Molecular Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based n-Type and Ambipolar Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401812. [PMID: 38887976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer semiconductors have drawn great attention in the field of organic electronics due to the planar structure, decent solubilizing capability, and high crystallinity. However, the electron-deficient capacity of DPP derivatives are not strong enough, leading to relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the corresponding polymers. As a result, n-type and ambipolar DPP-based polymers are rare and their electron mobilities also lag far behind the p-type counterparts, which limits the development of important p-n-junction-based electronic devices. Therefore, new design strategies have been proposed recent years to develop n-type/ambipolar DPP-based polymers with improved performances. In this view, these molecular design strategies are summarized, including copolymerization of DPP with different acceptors and weak donors, DPP flanked aromatic ring modification, DPP-core ring expansion and DPP dimerization. The relationship between the chemical structures and organic thin-film transistor performances is intensively discussed. Finally, a perspective on future trends in the molecular design of DPP-based n-type/ambipolar polymers is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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2
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Ren S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yassar A, Chen J, Wang S. Incorporation of Diketopyrrolopyrrole into Polythiophene for the Preparation of Organic Polymer Transistors. Molecules 2024; 29:260. [PMID: 38202843 PMCID: PMC10780697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polythiophene, as a class of potential electron donor units, is widely used in organic electronics such as transistors. In this work, a novel polymeric material, PDPPTT-FT, was prepared by incorporating the electron acceptor unit into the polythiophene system. The incorporation of the DPP molecule assists in improving the solubility of the material and provides a convenient method for the preparation of field effect transistors via subsequent solution processing. The introduction of fluorine atoms forms a good intramolecular conformational lock, and theoretical calculations show that the structure displays excellent co-planarity and regularity. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray (GIWAXS) results indicate that the PDPPTT-FT is highly crystalline, which facilitates carrier migration within and between polymer chains. The hole mobility of this π-conjugated material is as high as 0.30 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic transistor measurements, demonstrating the great potential of this polymer material in the field of optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Hengqin 519000, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Sichun Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Jo IY, Jeong D, Moon Y, Lee D, Lee S, Choi JG, Nam D, Kim JH, Cho J, Cho S, Kim DY, Ahn H, Kim BJ, Yoon MH. High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors Achieved by Optimizing Structural and Energetic Ordering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307402. [PMID: 37989225 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
For optimizing steady-state performance in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), both molecular design and structural alignment approaches must work in tandem to minimize energetic and microstructural disorders in polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductor films. Herein, a series of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole)s bearing various lengths of aliphatic-glycol hybrid side chains (PDPP-mEG; m = 2-5) is developed to achieve high-performance p-type OECTs. PDPP-4EG polymer with the optimized length of side chains exhibits excellent crystallinity owing to enhanced lamellar and backbone interactions. Furthermore, the improved structural ordering in PDPP-4EG films significantly decreases trap state density and energetic disorder. Consequently, PDPP-4EG-based OECT devices produce a mobility-volumetric capacitance product ([µC*]) of 702 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 and a hole mobility of 6.49 ± 0.60 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Finally, for achieving the optimal structural ordering along the OECT channel direction, a floating film transfer method is employed to reinforce the unidirectional orientation of polymer chains, leading to a substantially increased figure-of-merit [µC*] to over 800 F V-1 cm-1 s-1 . The research demonstrates the importance of side chain engineering of polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors in conjunction with their anisotropic microstructural optimization to maximize OECT characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJu Ahn
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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Wang P, Xu C, Zhang X, Shi Y, Wang C, Han Y, Deng Y, Geng Y. Thienoisoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers Synthesized by Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300245. [PMID: 37278130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of thienoisoindigo (TIG)-based conjugated polymers (CPs) with high molecular weights are synthesized by direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) by using TIG derivatives as CBr monomer and multi-halogenated thiophene derivatives, i.e., (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-difluorothien-2-yl)ethene (4FTVT), (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-dichlorothien-2-yl)ethene (4ClTVT), 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (4FBT), and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-2,2'-bithiophene (4ClBT), as CH monomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the high selectivity between α-CH bonds in 4FTVT, 4ClTVT, 4FBT, and 4ClBT and β-CH bonds in TIG CBr monomer. All four resulting CPs exhibit low optical bandgaps of ca. 1.20 eV and ambipolar transport characteristics with both electron and hole mobility above 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 as elaborated with organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The polymer TIG-4FTVT delivers the best device performance. With this polymer, n-channel OTFTs with electron mobility up to 1.67 cm2 V-1 s-1 and p-channel OTFTs with hole mobility up to 0.62 cm2 V-1 s-1 are fabricated by modifying source/drain electrodes with polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and MoO3 , respectively, to selectively inject electrons and holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
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6
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Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Using Direct C-H Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300400. [PMID: 37823322 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and polymers with conjugated structures can be used as organic optoelectronic materials. These molecules have conventionally been synthesized by cross-coupling reactions; however, in recent years, direct functionalization of C-H bonds has been used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials. Representative reactions include direct arylation reactions (C-H/C-X couplings, with X being halogen or pseudo-halogen) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (C-H/C-H cross-coupling) reactions. Although these reactions are convenient for short-step synthesis, they require regioselectivity in the C-H bonds and suppression of undesired homo-coupling side reactions. This review introduces examples of the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials using two types of direct C-H functionalization reactions. In addition, we summarize our recent activities in the development of direct C-H functionalization reactions using fluorobenzenes as substrates. This review covers the reaction mechanism and material properties of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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Sui Y, Zhang X, Xu C, Shi Y, Deng Y, Han Y, Geng Y. Conjugated Polymers from Direct Arylation Polycondensation of 3,4-Difluorothiophene-Substituted Aryls: Synthesis and Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300393. [PMID: 37640284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Difluorothiophene-substituted aryls, i.e., 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-benzene (Ph-2FTh), 1,4-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-difluorobenzene (2FPh-2FTh), and 4,7-bis(3,4-difluorothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTz-2FTh), are synthesized as C─H monomers for the synthesis of conjugated polymers (CPs) via direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and isoindigo (IID) derivatives as C─Br monomers. The Gibbs free energies of activation for direct arylation (ΔG298 K , kcal mol-1 ) for α─C─H bonds of thiophene moieties as calculated by density functional theory (DFT) are 14.3, 16.5, and 16.4 kcal mol-1 for Ph-2FTh, 2FPh-2FTh and BTz-2FTh, respectively, meaning that inserting an electron-deficient unit in 3,3',4,4'-tetrafluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (4FBT, ΔG298K : 14.6 kcal mol-1 ) may cause a reactivity decrease of the C─H monomers. Photophysical and semiconducting properties of the resulting six CPs (i.e., DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz) are characterized in detail. DPP-based CPs show ambipolar transport properties while IID-based ones exhibited n-type behavior owing to the deeper frontier molecular orbital energy levels of IID-based CPs. With source/drain electrodes modified with polyethylenimine ethoxylated, n-channel organic thin-film transistors with maximum electron mobility of 0.40, 0.54, 0.29, 0.05, 0.16, and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DPP-Ph, DPP-2FPh, DPP-BTz, 2FIID-Ph, 2FIID-2FPh, and 2FIID-BTz, respectively, are fabricated. DPP-2FPh exhibits the best device performance due to the good film morphology and the highest intermolecular packing order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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8
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Qu T, Nan G, Ouyang Y, Bieketuerxun B, Yan X, Qi Y, Zhang Y. Structure-Property Relationship, Glass Transition, and Crystallization Behaviors of Conjugated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4268. [PMID: 37959948 PMCID: PMC10649048 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have gained considerable interest due to their unique structures and promising applications in areas such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and flexible electronics. This review focuses on the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and their properties is essential for optimizing their performance. The glass transition temperature (Tg) plays a key role in determining the processability and application of conjugated polymers. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the glass transition phenomenon and explore how side-chain interaction affects Tg. The crystallization behavior of conjugated polymers significantly impacts their mechanical and electrical properties. We investigate the nucleation and growth processes, as well as the factors that influence the crystallization process. The development of the three generations of conjugated polymers in controlling the crystalline structure and enhancing polymer ordering is also discussed. This review highlights advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and thermal analysis, which provide insights into molecular ordering and polymer-crystal interfaces. This review provides an insight of the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. It serves as a foundation for further research and development of conjugated polymer-based materials with enhanced properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Guangming Nan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Bahaerguli. Bieketuerxun
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Xiuling Yan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Physical Aging Behavior of the Side Chain of a Conjugated Polymer PBTTT. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040794. [PMID: 36850080 PMCID: PMC9964067 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a viewpoint of the technology of the fast-scanning calorimetry with the relaxation behavior of disordered side chains of poly[2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT-C12) around the glass transition temperature of the side chains (Tg,γ). PBTTT is an ideal model of the high-performance copolymer of poly(alkylthiophenes) with side chains. The γ1 relaxation process of the disordered side chains of PBTTT was detected as a small endothermic peak that emerges before the γ2 relaxation process. It shows an increase with increasing temperature as it approaches the glass transition temperature of the disordered side chains of PBTTT. The ductile-brittle transition of PBTTT in low temperatures originating from the thermal relaxation process is probed and illustrated by physical aging experiments. The signature is shown that the relaxation process of the disordered side chain of PBTTT at low temperatures varies from Arrhenius temperature dependence to super Arrhenius temperature dependence at high temperatures. These observations could have significant consequences for the stability of devices based on conjugated polymers, especially those utilized for stretchable or flexible applications, or those demanding mechanical robustness during tensile fabrication or use in a low-temperature environment.
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11
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Cao X, Li H, Hu J, Tian H, Han Y, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. An Amorphous n-Type Conjugated Polymer with an Ultra-Rigid Planar Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212979. [PMID: 36345132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High charge carrier mobility polymer semiconductors are always semi-crystalline. Amorphous conjugated polymers represent another kind of polymer semiconductors with different charge transporting mechanism. Here we report the first near-amorphous n-type conjugated polymer with decent electron mobility, which features a remarkably rigid, straight and planar polymer backbone. The molecular design strategy is to copolymerize two fused-ring building blocks which are both electron-accepting, centrosymmetrical and planar. The polymer is the alternating copolymer of double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) unit and benzobisthiazole (BBTz) unit. It shows a decent electron mobility of 0.34 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic field-effect transistors. The excellent electron transporting property of the polymer is possibly due to the ultrahigh backbone stiffness, small π-π stacking distance, and high molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Xu C, Wang Z, Dong W, He C, Shi Y, Bai J, Zhang C, Gao M, Jiang H, Deng Y, Ye L, Han Y, Geng Y. Aggregation Behavior and Electrical Performance Control of Isoindigo-Based Conjugated Polymers via Carbosilane Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weijia Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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13
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Wang J, Feng K, Jeong SY, Liu B, Wang Y, Wu W, Hou Y, Woo HY, Guo X. Acceptor-acceptor type polymers based on cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole for high-efficiency n-type organic thermoelectrics. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Dang Y, Liang Z, Wang Z, Deng Y, Han Y, Hu W, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of β-Fluorinated Bithiophenes to Polythiophenes: Effect of Side Chains in C–Br Monomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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15
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Wang X, Liu S, Ren C, Cao L, Zhang W, Wu T. Synthesis, Characterization, and Field-Effect Transistor Properties of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers with Fluorine-Containing Branched Side Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Wang
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhen Liu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Chunxing Ren
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Long Cao
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang C, Tan WL, Liu Z, He Q, Li Y, Ma J, Chesman ASR, Han Y, McNeill CR, Heeney M, Fei Z. High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Polymers Enabled by Highly Electron-Deficient Building Blocks Containing F and CN Groups. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, U.K
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianeng Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | | | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, U.K
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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17
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Su Y, Dong W, Li Y, Liu Z, Yao X, Han Y, Fei Z. Chlorinated conjugated polymer based on chlorine‐ and cyano‐substituted (
E
)‐1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethane for ambipolar and n‐type Organic thin‐film transistors. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Yunran Su
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Weijia Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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19
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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21
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Yang M, Du T, Zhao X, Huang X, Pan L, Pang S, Tang H, Peng Z, Ye L, Deng Y, Sun M, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Low-bandgap conjugated polymers based on benzodipyrrolidone with reliable unipolar electron mobility exceeding 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Zhao B, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Sui Y, Shi Y, Zhang X, Li M, Deng Y, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation toward Water/Alcohol-Soluble Conjugated Polymers: Influence of Side Chain Functional Groups. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:419-425. [PMID: 35549230 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct arylation of 2,7-dibromofluorene with n-octyl, 6-diethoxylphosphorylhexyl, 6-(N,N-diethylamino)hexyl or 6-bromohexyl side chains and 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene (TFB) were conducted to investigate the effect of side chain functional groups on the coupling, and the resulting TFB-substituted fluorene derivatives were used as C-H monomers for the synthesis of water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) by direct arylation polycondensation (DArP). The direct arylation and DArP of the monomers carrying phosphonate and amino groups went on smoothly in typical DArP conditions, that is, Pd(OAc)2/PtBu2Me-HBF4/base/DMAc and Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3/P(o-MeOPh)3/pivalic acid/base/THF, and high molecular weight polymers with these groups were successfully synthesized. However, for fluorene-monomers with bromohexyl side chains, the target products could not be obtained from the above conditions but could be prepared in the absence of carboxylic acid additives in low polar solvents. With the above DArP-made polymers as cathode interfacial layers, high performance organic solar cells (OSCs) were successfully fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuwen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Lin CC, Afraj SN, Velusamy A, Yu PC, Cho CH, Chen J, Li YH, Lee GH, Tung SH, Liu CL, Chen MC, Facchetti A. A Solution Processable Dithioalkyl Dithienothiophene (DSDTT) Based Small Molecule and Its Blends for High Performance Organic Field Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:727-738. [PMID: 33253536 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 3,5-dithiooctyl dithienothiophene based small molecular semiconductor DDTT-DSDTT (1), end functionalized with fused dithienothiophene (DTT) units, was synthesized and characterized for organic field effect transistors (OFET). The thermal, optical, electrochemical, and computed electronic structural properties of 1 were investigated and contrasted. The single crystal structure of 1 reveals the presence of intramolecular locks between S(alkyl)···S(thiophene), with a very short S-S distance of 3.10 Å, and a planar core. When measured in an OFET device compound 1 exhibits a hole mobility of 3.19 cm2 V-1 s-1, when the semiconductor layer is processed by a solution-shearing deposition method and using environmentally acceptable anisole as the solvent. This is the highest value reported to date for an all-thiophene based molecular semiconductor. In addition, solution-processed small molecule/insulating polymer (1/PαMS) blend films and devices were investigated. Morphological analysis reveals a nanoscopic vertical phase separation with the PαMS layer preferentially contacting the dielectric and 1 located on top of the stack. The OFET based on the blend comprising 50% weight of 1 exhibits a hole mobility of 2.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a very smaller threshold voltage shift under gate bias stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shakil N Afraj
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hui Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Lv S, Li L, Mu Y, Wan X. Side-chain engineering as a powerful tool to tune the properties of polymeric field-effect transistors. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Lv
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Youbing Mu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wan
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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25
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Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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Liu Q, Bottle SE, Sonar P. Developments of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Dye-Based Organic Semiconductors for a Wide Range of Applications in Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903882. [PMID: 31797456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, fused aromatic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based functional semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in the developing field of organic electronics. Over the past few years, DPP-based semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable improvements in the performance of both organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices due to the favorable features of the DPP unit, such as excellent planarity and better electron-withdrawing ability. Driven by this success, DPP-based materials are now being exploited in various other electronic devices including complementary circuits, memory devices, chemical sensors, photodetectors, perovskite solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and more. Recent developments in the use of DPP-based materials for a wide range of electronic devices are summarized, focusing on OFET, OPV, and newly developed devices with a discussion of device performance in terms of molecular engineering. Useful guidance for the design of future DPP-based materials and the exploration of more advanced applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steven E Bottle
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Baig N, Shetty S, Fall S, Al-Mousawi S, Heiser T, Alameddine B. Conjugated copolymers bearing 2,7-dithienylphenanthrene-9,10-dialkoxy units: highly soluble and stable deep-blue emissive materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excellent yields, high stability and solubility. Mw = 36.5–152.0 kDa and Đ = 2.5–3.0. Deep-blue emission with quantum yields up to 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7357
- Strasbourg
| | | | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7357
- Strasbourg
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials group
- GUST
- CAMB
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Guo K, Jiang Y, Sui Y, Deng YF, Geng YH. Dimethylacetamide-promoted Direct Arylation Polycondensation of 6,6′-Dibromo-7,7′-diazaisoindigo and (E)-1,2-bis(3,4-difluorothien-2-yl)ethene toward High Molecular Weight n-Type Conjugated Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Building Block and the Photophysical Study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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