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Awad H, Rawas-Qalaji M, El Hosary R, Jagal J, Ahmed IS. Formulation and optimization of ivermectin nanocrystals for enhanced topical delivery. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100210. [PMID: 37727680 PMCID: PMC10506092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance to antiparasitic drugs and limited availability of new agents highlight the need to improve the efficacy of existing treatments. Ivermectin (IVM) is commonly used for parasite treatment in humans and animals, however its efficacy is not optimal and the emergence of IVM-resistant parasites presents a challenge. In this context, the physico-chemical characteristics of IVM were modified by nanocrystallization to improve its equilibrium water-solubility and skin penetration, potentially improving its therapeutic effectiveness when applied topically. IVM-nanocrystals (IVM-NC) were prepared using microfluidization technique. The impact of several process/formulation variables on IVM-NC characteristics were studied using D-optimal statistical design. The optimized formulation was further lyophilized and evaluated using several in vitro and ex vivo tests. The optimal IVM-NC produced monodisperse particles with average diameter of 186 nm and polydispersity index of 0.4. In vitro results showed an impressive 730-fold increase in the equilibrium solubility and substantial 24-fold increase in dissolution rate. Ex vivo permeation study using pig's ear skin demonstrated 3-fold increase in dermal deposition of IVM-NC. Additionally, lyophilized IVM-NC was integrated into topical cream, and the resulting drug release profile was superior compared to that of the marketed product. Overall, IVM-NC presents a promising approach to improving the effectiveness of topically applied IVM in treating local parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania El Hosary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo 12553, Egypt
| | - Jayalakshmi Jagal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Shahin NN, Shamma RN, Ahmed IS. A Nano-Liposomal Formulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Modulates Nrf2 and NF-κβ Signaling and Alleviates Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081536. [PMID: 36009255 PMCID: PMC9405210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available management strategies for acute pancreatitis are inadequately effective which calls for exploration of new approaches to treat this condition. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a major bioactive constituent of honeybee propolis with promising therapeutic and preventive applications. However, its pharmaceutical potential and clinical use are hindered by its poor water solubility and limited plasma stability. In this study, we aimed to prepare, characterize and evaluate a CAPE-loaded nanoliposomal formulation to improve the efficacy of CAPE for the management of acute pancreatitis. The CAPE-loaded nanoliposomes (CAPE-loaded-NL) were prepared by a thin layer evaporation technique and were optimized using three edge activators. CAPE-loaded-NL were characterized for their vesicle size (VS), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), crystalline state and morphology. The protective effect of the optimal CAPE-loaded-NL was evaluated in a rat model of acute pancreatitis induced by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of L-ornithine. Oral pretreatment with CAPE-loaded-NL significantly counteracted ornithine-induced elevation in serum activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes and pancreatic levels of malondialdehyde, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitrite/nitrate, cleaved caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, pretreatment with CAPE-loaded-NL significantly reinstated the ornithine-lowered glutathione reductase activity, glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 levels and ATP/ADP ratio, and potentiated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in pancreatic tissue. CAPE-loaded-NL displayed superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects compared to free CAPE oral suspension and achieved a more potent correction of the derangements in serum amylase and pancreatic myeloperoxidase activities. The histological observations were in line with the biochemical findings. Our results suggest that CAPE-loaded-NL provide a promising interventional approach for acute pancreatitis mainly through the enhancement of the exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which may be mediated, at least in part, through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nabil Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Optimization, Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Mupirocin Nanocrystals for Topical Administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106251. [PMID: 35788029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of infectious skin conditions resulting from wounds and burns with topical antibiotics is challenging, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA). This is due to the formation of bacterial biofilms characterized by antimicrobial resistance. Mupirocin (MP), a widely used topical antibiotic, is active against gram-positive bacteria including MRSA. However, MP suffers from sub-optimal therapeutic efficacy due to its poor water-solubility and the significant rise in MP-resistant S. aureus. In this study, the physico-chemical characteristics of MP were modified through nanocrystallization to improve its therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of skin infections. Mupirocin-nanocrystals (MP-NC) were prepared using a nanoprecipitation technique and optimized using a D-optimal response surface design. The optimization of MP-NC produced ultra-small monodisperse spherical particles with a mean diameter of 70 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2. The design resulted in two optimal MP-NC formulations that were evaluated by performing series of in vitro, ex vivo, microbiological, and in vivo studies. In-vitro results showed a 10-fold increase in the saturation solubility and a 9-fold increase in the dissolution rate of MP-NC. Ex vivo permeation studies, using pig ears skin, showed a 2-fold increase in the dermal deposition of MP-NC with the highest drug deposition occurring at 500-µm skin depth. Moreover, the optimal MP-NC formulations were lyophilized and incorporated into a 2% w/w cream. Microbiological studies revealed a 16-fold decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of MP-NC. In vivo studies, using a rat excision burn wound model, demonstrated rapid and complete healing of infected burn wounds in rats treated with MP-NC cream in comparison to marketed Avoban ointment. Our results suggest that nanocrystallization of MP may provide an avenue through which higher levels of a topically applied MP can be permeated into the skin to reach relevant infectious areas and exert potential local antibacterial effects.
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Haider M, Zaki KZ, El Hamshary MR, Hussain Z, Orive G, Ibrahim HO. Polymeric nanocarriers: A promising tool for early diagnosis and efficient treatment of colorectal cancer. J Adv Res 2022; 39:237-255. [PMID: 35777911 PMCID: PMC9263757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer for incidence and second for mortality worldwide. Late diagnosis and inconvenient and expensive current diagnostic tools largely contribute to the progress of the disease. The use of chemotherapy in the management of CRC significantly reduces tumor growth, metastasis, and morbidity rates. However, poor solubility, low cellular uptake, nonspecific distribution, multiple drug resistance and unwanted adverse effects are still among the major drawbacks of chemotherapy that limit its clinical significance in the treatment of CRC. Owing to their remarkable advantages over conventional therapies, the use of nanotechnology-based delivery systems especially polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) has revolutionized many fields including disease diagnosis and drug delivery. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of using PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on targeting strategies, surface modifications and safety concerns for different types of PNCs in colonic cancer delivery. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review explores the current progress on the use of PNCs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC with a special focus on the role of PNCs in improvement of cellular uptake, drug targeting and co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Possible toxicity and biocompatibility issues related to the use of PNCs and imitations and future recommendation for the use of those smart carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 71526, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Zaki Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Rafat El Hamshary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Haidy Osama Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Haider M, Elsherbeny A, Pittalà V, Consoli V, Alghamdi MA, Hussain Z, Khoder G, Greish K. Nanomedicine Strategies for Management of Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1853. [PMID: 35163777 PMCID: PMC8836587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer occurrence and mortality worldwide. Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant challenge, as malignant cells use different mechanisms to resist chemotherapy. Drug resistance (DR) is a complex process that occurs due to a variety of genetic and acquired factors. Identifying the mechanisms underlying DR in LC patients and possible therapeutic alternatives for more efficient therapy is a central goal of LC research. Advances in nanotechnology resulted in the development of targeted and multifunctional nanoscale drug constructs. The possible modulation of the components of nanomedicine, their surface functionalization, and the encapsulation of various active therapeutics provide promising tools to bypass crucial biological barriers. These attributes enhance the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents directly to the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reversal of LC resistance to anticancer treatment. This review provides a broad framework for understanding the different molecular mechanisms of DR in lung cancer, presents novel nanomedicine therapeutics aimed at improving the efficacy of treatment of various forms of resistant LC; outlines current challenges in using nanotechnology for reversing DR; and discusses the future directions for the clinical application of nanomedicine in the management of LC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (Z.H.); (G.K.)
| | - Amr Elsherbeny
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Maha Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain;
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (Z.H.); (G.K.)
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (Z.H.); (G.K.)
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain;
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Torrado-Salmerón C, Guarnizo-Herrero V, Henriques J, Seiça R, Sena CM, Torrado-Santiago S. Multiparticulate Systems of Ezetimibe Micellar System and Atorvastatin Solid Dispersion Efficacy of Low-Dose Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:421. [PMID: 33804727 PMCID: PMC8004026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop multiparticulate systems with a combination of ezetimibe micellar systems and atorvastatin solid dispersions using croscarmellose as a hydrophilic vehicle and Kolliphor RH40 as a surfactant. The presence of a surfactant with low hydrophilic polymer ratios produces the rapid dissolution of ezetimibe through a drug-polymer interaction that reduces its crystallinity. The solid dispersion of atorvastatin with low proportions of croscarmellose showed drug-polymer interactions sufficient to produce the fast dissolution of atorvastatin. Efficacy studies were performed in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats with induced hyperlipidemia. The administration of multiparticulate systems of ezetimibe and atorvastatin at low (2 and 6.7 mg/kg) and high (3 and 10 mg/kg) doses showed similar improvements in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase compared to the high-fat diet group. Multiparticulate systems at low doses (2 and 6.7 mg/kg of ezetimibe and atorvastatin) had a similar improvement in hepatic steatosis compared to the administration of ezetimibe and atorvastatin raw materials at high doses (3 and 10 mg/kg). These results confirm the effectiveness of solid dispersions with low doses of ezetimibe and atorvastatin to reduce high lipid levels and hepatic steatosis in diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado-Salmerón
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Joana Henriques
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Torrado-Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sebak AA, Gomaa IEO, ElMeshad AN, Farag MH, Breitinger U, Breitinger HG, AbdelKader MH. Distinct Proteins in Protein Corona of Nanoparticles Represent a Promising Venue for Endogenous Targeting - Part II: In vitro and in vivo Kinetics Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9539-9556. [PMID: 33299308 PMCID: PMC7721286 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s273721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs), upon introduction to the biological systems, become wrapped by serum and cellular proteins constituting the protein corona (PC). This PC contributes largely to the NPs’ interaction with the biological systems and their subsequent functions. On the one hand, PC can decrease the efficiency of targeting by directing the NPs to the reticuloendothelial system (RES) or by masking the active targeting moieties and decreasing their ability to bind to their target receptors. On the other hand, some components of PC have offered hopes for achieving endogenous targeting. Methods In this study, we aimed at the investigation of the role of the PC in determining the behavior of cRGDyk peptide-unconjugated and -conjugated NPs (uNPs and cNPs) exhibiting different physicochemical properties and their interaction with melanoma on in vitro and in vivo levels. Mathematical modeling has been utilized to understand the kinetics of the interaction of NPs with the tumor cells and different organs, respectively. Results Endocytosis and exocytosis were reported to occur simultaneously for the utilized NPs. The balance was largely dependent on the NPs’ physicochemical properties and the role of the PC. In addition, distinct proteins present in the PC (illustrated in the results of the PC analysis in part I) have also determined the patterns of the NPs’ distribution in different organs and tissues of the vascular system, the RES system and the target tumot tissue. Vitronectin (VN) was found to mediate higher accumulation in integrin receptor-expressing melanoma cells, while complement 3 protein (C3) and clusterin (CLU), as an opsonin and dysopsonin, respectively, regulated the balance between the RES uptake and blood circulation. Discussion PC, if properly modulated by tuning NPs’ physicochemical properties, can serve as a potential venue for optimum utilization of NPs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ahmed Sebak
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Iman Emam Omar Gomaa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Nabil ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hussien Farag
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hashem AbdelKader
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University (CU), Giza, Egypt.,European University in Egypt (EUE), New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
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Eltellawy YA, El-Kayal M, Abdel-Rahman RF, Salah S, Shaker DS. Optimization of transdermal atorvastatin calcium - Loaded proniosomes: Restoring lipid profile and alleviating hepatotoxicity in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120163. [PMID: 33309831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to optimize the anti- hyperlipidemic effect and reduce statins induced hepatotoxicity, Atorvastatin Calcium (ATC) transdermal proniosomal gel (PNG) was developed. Different non-ionic surfactants (NISs) (Spans, Tweens, Cremophor RH 40 and Brij 52) were incorporated in the vesicle's lipid bilayer, in combination with lecithin. PNG formulae were characterized for encapsulation efficiency percent (% EE), vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP). Ex-vivo permeation study was performed using full thickness rat skin measuring drug flux and skin permeability coefficients. The pharmacodynamic performance of optimized transdermal ATC- PNG on both lipid profile and liver biomarkers was assessed and compared to oral ATC administration in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The liver tissues were subjected to histological examination as well. The results revealed nano-size range vesicles with relatively high ATC entrapment efficiency. Ex-vivo results demonstrated the permeation superiority of ATC proniosomes over free drug. Pharmacodynamic study revealed that transdermal administration of ATC- PNG succeeded in retaining the anti-hyperlipidemic efficacy of orally administered ATC without elevating liver biomarkers. The histological examination signified the role of optimized ATC-PNG in hindering statin- induced hepatocellular damage. The obtained results suggested a promising, easy-to-manufacture and effective ATC proniosomal gel for safe treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Eltellawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha El-Kayal
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salwa Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia S Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt.
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Haider M, Elsherbeny A, Jagal J, Hubatová-Vacková A, Saad Ahmed I. Optimization and Evaluation of Poly(lactide- co-glycolide) Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Efficacy of Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E828. [PMID: 32872639 PMCID: PMC7559439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The particle size (PS) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) may inhibit their cellular uptake and lead to possible leakage of the drug into the systemic circulation at the tumor site. In this work, ultra-high paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) NPs (PTX-PLGA-NPs) with ultra-small sizes were prepared and optimized by adopting the principles of quality by design (QbD) approach. The optimized PTX-PLGA-NPs showed ultra-small spherical particles of about 53 nm with EE% exceeding 90%, a relatively low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.221, an effective surface charge of -10.1 mV, and a 10-fold increase in the in vitro drug release over 72 h relative to free drug. The cellular viability of pharynx carcinoma cells decreased by almost 50% in 24 h following treatment with optimized PTX-PLGA-NPs, compared to only 20% from the free drug. The intracellular uptake of PTX-PLGA-NPs was highly favored, and the antitumor activity of PTX was remarkably improved with a reduction in its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), by almost 50% relative to free drug solution. These results suggest that the optimal critical formulation parameters, guided by QbD principles, could produce PLGA-NPs with remarkably high EE% and ultra-small PS, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake and efficacy of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (A.E.); (I.S.A.)
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amr Elsherbeny
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (A.E.); (I.S.A.)
| | - Jayalakshmi Jagal
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Anna Hubatová-Vacková
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (A.E.); (I.S.A.)
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
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10
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Torrado-Salmerón C, Guarnizo-Herrero V, Gallego-Arranz T, del Val-Sabugo Y, Torrado G, Morales J, Torrado-Santiago S. Improvement in the Oral Bioavailability and Efficacy of New Ezetimibe Formulations-Comparative Study of a Solid Dispersion and Different Micellar Systems. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070617. [PMID: 32630626 PMCID: PMC7408513 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezetimibe (EZ) is a poorly water-soluble drug with low bioavailability. Strategies such as solid dispersions (SD) and micellar systems (MS) were developed to identify the most effective drug delivery formulations with the highest oral bioavailability, and to improve their lipid-lowering effect. The EZ formulations were prepared with different proportions of Kolliphor® RH40 as a surfactant (1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:0.75) and croscarmellose as a hydrophilic carrier. These excipients, and the addition of microcrystalline cellulose during the production process, led to significant improvements in the dissolution profiles of MS. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an amorphous form of ezetimibe with different semicrystalline states of microcrystalline cellulose for MS-I (1:0.75) and MS-II (1:0.75). Pharmacokinetic analysis after administration of MS-II (1:0.75) demonstrated a 173.86% increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and a 142.99% increase in oral bioavailability compared to EZ raw material (EZ-RM). Efficacy studies with the micellar system MS-II (1:0.75) in rats with hyperlipidemia showed that total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein were reduced to normal levels and revealed improvements in low-density lipoprotein, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement in the dissolution rate with micellar systems increases bioavailability and enhances the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of EZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado-Salmerón
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.); (T.G.-A.); (Y.d.V.-S.)
| | - Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.); (T.G.-A.); (Y.d.V.-S.)
| | - Teresa Gallego-Arranz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.); (T.G.-A.); (Y.d.V.-S.)
| | - Yvonne del Val-Sabugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.); (T.G.-A.); (Y.d.V.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Torrado
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona Km 33,600, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Morales
- Department of Science and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
| | - Santiago Torrado-Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.); (T.G.-A.); (Y.d.V.-S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-091-394-1620
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Correlating precipitation inhibition efficacy of EUD EPO and PVP K30 on supersaturated solution of atorvastatin calcium with Caco-2 permeability enhancement. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Al-Rawi NN, Anwer BA, Al-Rawi NH, Uthman AT, Ahmed IS. Magnetism in drug delivery: The marvels of iron oxides and substituted ferrites nanoparticles. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:876-887. [PMID: 32647490 PMCID: PMC7335713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional utilization of drugs is characterized by poor biodistribution, limited effectiveness, and lack of selectivity, besides undesirable side effects on multiple body systems. Seeking a DDS with a modifiable skeleton to customize drug targeting is of extreme importance for successful therapy of many diseases. Among the different synthesis strategies for MNPs, chemical methods are the most common, and on top of the pyramid, is the co-precipitation method. MNPs have customizable properties, where applying a hydrophilic coating protects the particles from opsonization and human-immunity recognition, which increases their circulation time. The route MNPs usually follow in the body starts with magnetic guidance to the target, immobilization for drug release, and finally clearance. Interestingly, multifunctional nanocomplexes with conjugated SPIONS and PEI presented enhanced transfection while decreased PEI toxicity. Theranostic applications of MNPs are limitless, whether it is a dual function of diagnosis and therapy simultaneously, or a multimodal imaging system. IONPs participate in the production of oxidative stress that leads to cell damage. Metal ferrite NPs can overcome the drawbacks of IONPs provided that the substituting metal in use is less toxic. Metal ferrite NPs present unique properties of high saturation magnetization, enhanced encapsulation efficacy, as well as enzyme-mimetic activities. Magnesium ferrite NPs (MFNPs) were found to exhibit greater magnetic heating capacity compared to other ferrites. MFNPs also show safe metabolism and high biocompatibility, making them a promising system for cancer applications.
In modern drug delivery, seeking a drug delivery system (DDS) with a modifiable skeleton for proper targeting of loaded actives to specific sites in the body is of extreme importance for a successful therapy. Magnetically guided nanosystems, where particles such as iron oxides are guided to specific regions using an external magnetic field, can provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while delivering a therapeutic payload at the same time, which represents a breakthrough in disease therapy and make MNPs excellent candidates for several biomedical applications. In this review, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) along with their distinguishable properties, including pharmacokinetics and toxicity, especially in cancer therapy will be discussed. The potential perspective of using other elements within the MNP system to reduce toxicity, improve pharmacokinetics, increase the magnetization ability, improve physical targeting precision and/or widen the scope of its biomedical application will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Natheer Al-Rawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma Azad Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natheer Hashim Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asmaa Tahseen Uthman
- Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Abd-Rabo MM, Wahman LF, El Hosary R, Ahmed IS. High-fat diet induced alteration in lipid enzymes and inflammation in cardiac and brain tissues: Assessment of the effects of Atorvastatin-loaded nanoparticles. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22465. [PMID: 32048413 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with Lipitor is associated with several adverse impacts. Here we investigated the effects of low Lipitor nanoparticles (atorvastatin calcium nanopartilcle [AC-NP]), with size less than 100 , on enzymes of lipid metabolism and inflammation in cardiac, hepatic, and brain tissues of hypercholestremic adult male rats. Adult male rats were divided into five experimental groups. In group 1, the intact control (normal pellet diet), animals were fed a normal control diet; the other four groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, groups from 2 to 5 were assigned as a positive control (HFD), HFD + Lipitor, HFD + AC-NP-R1, or HFD + AC-NP-R2. Different treatments were administrated orally for two regimen periods (R1 daily and R2 once every 3 days). The treatment was conducted for two consecutive weeks. The HFD group faced a significant elevation in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), associated with a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) along with cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase enzyme in hepatic tissues, compared with the control group. Also, the HFD group induced hepatic, cardiac, and brain inflammation, evidenced by increased hepatic oxidative stress markers and cardiac homocysteine, together with elevated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels in brain tissue, compared with the control group. Different AC-NP treatments significantly augmented both mRNA LDL-R and mRNA 7α-hydroxylase expression in hepatic tissues, associated with significant depletion in mRNA HMG-CoA expression, compared with HFD + Lipitor. The inflammation symptoms were ameliorated by the AC-NP treatments, compared to HFD + Lipitor. Lipitor encapsulation in NP formulation results in increased efficiency and reduced dose-related adverse effects known to be associated with the Lipitor chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abd-Rabo
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lobna F Wahman
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania El Hosary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Dual Targeting: An Approach for Enhanced Baicalin Delivery to the Liver. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020107. [PMID: 32013203 PMCID: PMC7076551 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble chitosan lactate (CL) was reacted with lactobionic acid (LA), a disaccharide with remarkable affinity to hepatic asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors, to form dual liver-targeting LA-modified-CL polymer for site-specific drug delivery to the liver. The synthesized polymer was used to encapsulate baicalin (BA), a promising bioactive flavonoid with pH-dependent solubility, into ultrahigh drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) via the ionic gelation method. The successful chemical conjugation of LA with CL was tested and the formulated drug-loaded LA-modified-CL-NPs were assessed in terms of particle size (PS), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and zeta potential (ZP) using full factorial design. The in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the designed NPs were assessed using 99mTc-radiolabeled BA following oral administration to mice and results were compared to 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-NPs and 99mTc-BA solution as controls. Results showed that the chemical modification of CL with LA was successfully achieved and the method of preparation of the optimized NPs was very efficient in encapsulating BA into nearly spherical particles with an extremely high EE exceeding 90%. The optimized BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs showed an average PS of 490 nm, EE of 93.7% and ZP of 48.1 mV. Oral administration of 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs showed a remarkable increase in BA delivery to the liver over 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-CL-NPs and 99mTc-BA oral solution. The mean area under the curve (AUC0-24) estimates from liver data were determined to be 11-fold and 26-fold higher from 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-modified-CL-NPs relative to 99mTc-BA-loaded-LA-free-CL-NPs and 99mTc-BA solution respectively. In conclusion, the outcome of this study highlights the great potential of using LA-modified-CL-NPs for the ultrahigh encapsulation of therapeutic molecules with pH-dependent/poor water-solubility and for targeting the liver.
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Mahmoud AA, Salama AH, Shamma RN, Farouk F. Bioavailability Enhancement of Aripiprazole Via Silicosan Particles: Preparation, Characterization and In vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3751-3762. [PMID: 30259403 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a novel carrier for enhancing the bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, aripiprazole (ARP). Silicosan, the applied carrier, was obtained by chemical interaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and chitosan HCl. Different ARP-loaded silicosan particles were successfully prepared in absence and presence of one of the following surfactants; Tween 80, Poloxamer 407 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The prepared ARP-loaded silicosan particles were thoroughly investigated for their structures using FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis as well as their particle size, zeta potential, flowability, drug content, and in vitro drug release efficiencies. The prepared ARP-loaded silicosan particles were characterized by amorphous structure, high drug entrapment efficiency and a remarkable improvement in the release of aripiprazole in simulated gastric fluid. SEM and EDX revealed that the morphology and silica atom content in the prepared ARP-loaded silicosan particles were affected by the used surfactant in their formulations. The selected ARP-loaded silicosan particles were subjected to in vivo study using rabbits. The obtained pharmacokinetic results showed that the relative bioavailability for orally administered ARP-loaded silicosan particles (SC-2-CTAB) was 66% higher relative to the oral suspension (AUC0-10h was 16.38 ± 3.21 and 27.23 ± 2.35 ng.h/mL for drug powder and SC-2-CTAB formulation, respectively). The obtained results suggested the unique-structured silicosan particles to be used as successful vehicle for ARP.
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