1
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Zhou CL, Torbatian Z, Yang SH, Zhang Y, Yi HL, Antezza M, Novko D, Qiu CW. Unconventional Thermophotonic Charge Density Wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:066902. [PMID: 39178433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.066902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Charge-order states of broken symmetry, such as charge density wave (CDW), are able to induce exceptional physical properties, however, the precise understanding of the underlying physics is still elusive. Here, we combine fluctuational electrodynamics and density functional theory to reveal an unconventional thermophotonic effect in CDW-bearing TiSe_{2}, referred to as thermophotonic-CDW (tp-CDW). The interplay of plasmon polariton and CDW electron excitations give rise to an anomalous negative temperature dependency in thermal photons transport, offering an intuitive fingerprint for a transformation of the electron order. Additionally, the demonstrated nontrivial features of tp-CDW transition hold promise for a controllable manipulation of heat flow, which could be extensively utilized in various fields such as thermal science and electron dynamics, as well as in next-generation energy devices.
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2
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Torbatian Z, Novko D. Plasmon Excitations across the Charge-Density-Wave Transition in Single-Layer TiSe 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6045-6050. [PMID: 38819234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
1T-TiSe2 is believed to possess a soft electronic mode, i.e., plasmon or exciton, that might be responsible for the exciton condensation and charge-density-wave (CDW) transition. Here, we explore collective electronic excitations in single-layer 1T-TiSe2 by using the ab initio electromagnetic linear response and unveil intricate scattering pathways of the two-dimensional (2D) plasmon mode near the CDW phase. We found the dominant role of plasmon-phonon scattering, which in combination with the CDW gap excitations leads to the anomalous temperature dependence of the plasmon line width across the CDW transition. Below the transition temperature TCDW a strong hybridization between the 2D plasmon and CDW excitations is obtained. These optical features are highly tunable due to temperature-dependent CDW-related modifications of electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling and make CDW-bearing systems potentially interesting for applications in optoelectronics and low-loss plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Torbatian
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Dino Novko
- Centre for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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3
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Ulstrup S, In 't Veld Y, Miwa JA, Jones AJH, McCreary KM, Robinson JT, Jonker BT, Singh S, Koch RJ, Rotenberg E, Bostwick A, Jozwiak C, Rösner M, Katoch J. Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS 2 heterostructures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3845. [PMID: 38714749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get "dressed", which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS2. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS2 conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS2 conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Yann In 't Veld
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jill A Miwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alfred J H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Roland J Koch
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Malte Rösner
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jyoti Katoch
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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4
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Grozić P, Keran B, Kadigrobov AM, Radić D. Charge stripes in the graphene-based materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18931. [PMID: 37919346 PMCID: PMC10622548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an analytical model of the charge density wave instability in graphene sheets within the intercalated graphite CaC6 compound. The instability yields the experimentally observed uniaxial charge stripes of periodically modulated electron density, coupled to the softest phonon mode of the superlattice consisting of the Ca atoms intercalated between graphene planes. The Fermi surface of the chemically doped graphene undergoes the novel type of instability driven by the mechanism that gains the condensation energy of the stripe state by the topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface. This mechanism appears to be entirely different from the one based on the Fermi surface nesting, which has been considered a paradigm in the present literature concerning the onset of charge density waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Grozić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Barbara Keran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Anatoly M Kadigrobov
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Danko Radić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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5
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Aguillon F, Borisov AG. Atomic-Scale Defects Might Determine the Second Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Graphene Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:238-244. [PMID: 36594888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically investigate the impact of the atomic scale lattice imperfections of graphene nanoflakes on their nonlinear response enhanced by the resonance between an incident electromagnetic field and localized plasmon. As a case study, we address the second harmonic generation from graphene plasmonic nanoantennas of different symmetries with missing carbon atom vacancy defects in the honeycomb lattice. Using the many-body time-dependent density matrix approach, we find that one defect in the nanoflake comprising over five thousand carbon atoms can strongly impact the nonlinear hyperpolarizability and override the symmetry constraints. The effect reported here cannot be captured using the relaxation time approximation within the quantum or classical framework. Results obtained in this work have thus important implications for the design of nonlinear graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Aguillon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Andrei G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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6
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Cost-Effective Calculation of Collective Electronic Excitations in Graphite Intercalated Compounds. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101746. [PMID: 35630968 PMCID: PMC9147427 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Graphite/graphene intercalation compounds with good and improving electrical transport properties, optical properties, magnetic properties and even superconductivity are widely used in battery, capacitors and so on. Computational simulation helps with predicting important properties and exploring unknown functions, while it is restricted by limited computing resources and insufficient precision. Here, we present a cost-effective study on graphite/graphene intercalation compounds properties with sufficient precision. The calculation of electronic collective excitations in AA-stacking graphite based on the tight-binding model within the random phase approximation framework agrees quite well with previous experimental and calculation work, such as effects of doping level, interlayer distance, and interlayer hopping on 2D π plasmon and 3D intraband plasmon modes. This cost-effective simulation method can be extended to other intercalation compounds with unlimited intercalation species.
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7
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Bonatti L, Nicoli L, Giovannini T, Cappelli C. In silico design of graphene plasmonic hot-spots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2294-2302. [PMID: 35706845 PMCID: PMC9113057 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a route for the rational design of engineered graphene-based nanostructures, which feature enormously enhanced electric fields in their proximity. Geometrical arrangements are inspired by nanopatterns allowing single molecule detection on noble metal substrates, and are conceived to take into account experimental feasibility and ease in fabrication processes. The attention is especially focused on enhancement effects occurring close to edge defects and grain boundaries, which are usually present in graphene samples. There, very localized hot-spots are created, with enhancement factors comparable to noble metal substrates, thus potentially paving the way for single molecule detection from graphene-based substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonatti
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Luca Nicoli
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
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8
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Active control of micrometer plasmon propagation in suspended graphene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1465. [PMID: 35304465 PMCID: PMC8933486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the two-dimensional character of graphene, the plasmons sustained by this material have been invariably studied in supported samples so far. The substrate provides stability for graphene but often causes undesired interactions (such as dielectric losses, phonon hybridization, and impurity scattering) that compromise the quality and limit the intrinsic flexibility of graphene plasmons. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of plasmons in suspended graphene at room temperature, exhibiting high-quality factor Q~33 and long propagation length > 3 μm. We introduce the graphene suspension height as an effective plasmonic tuning knob that enables in situ change of the dielectric environment and substantially modulates the plasmon wavelength, propagation length, and group velocity. Such active control of micrometer plasmon propagation facilitates near-unity-order modulation of nanoscale energy flow that serves as a plasmonic switch with an on-off ratio above 14. The suspended graphene plasmons possess long propagation length, high tunability, and controllable energy transmission simultaneously, opening up broad horizons for application in nano-photonic devices. Graphene plasmons hold potential for infrared optoelectronic devices, but the interaction with the substrate often degrades their quality. Here, the authors report the characterization of plasmons in suspended graphene with tunable suspension height, showing enhanced quality factors and propagation lengths at room temperature.
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9
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Jakovac J, Marušić L, Andrade-Guevara D, Chacón-Torres JC, Despoja V. Infra-Red Active Dirac Plasmon Serie in Potassium Doped-Graphene (KC 8) Nanoribbons Array on Al 2O 3 Substrate. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154256. [PMID: 34361450 PMCID: PMC8347433 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical formulation of the electromagnetic response in graphene ribbons on dielectric substrate is derived in the framework of the ab initio method. The formulation is applied to calculate the electromagnetic energy absorption in an array of potassium-doped graphene nanoribbons (KC8-NR) deposited on a dielectric Al2O3 substrate. It is demonstrated that the replacement of the flat KC8 by an array of KC8-NR transforms the Drude tail in the absorption spectra into a series of infrared-active Dirac plasmon resonances. It is also shown that the series of Dirac plasmon resonances, when unfolded across the extended Brillouin zones, resembles the Dirac plasmon. The Dirac plasmon resonances' band structure, within the first Brillouin zone, is calculated. Finally, an excellent agreement between the theoretical absorption and recent experimental results for differential transmission through graphene on an SiO2/Si surface is presented. The theoretically predicted micrometer graphene nanoribbons intercalation compound (GNRIC) in a stage-I-like KC8 is confirmed to be synthesized for Dirac plasmon resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Jakovac
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Leonardo Marušić
- Maritime Department, University of Zadar, M. Pavlinovića 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
| | - Denise Andrade-Guevara
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (D.A.-G.); (J.C.C.-T.)
| | - Julio C. Chacón-Torres
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (D.A.-G.); (J.C.C.-T.)
| | - Vito Despoja
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Novko D, Caruso F, Draxl C, Cappelluti E. Ultrafast Hot Phonon Dynamics in MgB_{2} Driven by Anisotropic Electron-Phonon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:077001. [PMID: 32142321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.077001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The zone-center E_{2g} modes play a crucial role in MgB_{2}, controlling the scattering mechanisms in the normal state as well the superconducting pairing. Here, we demonstrate via first-principles quantum-field theory calculations that, due to the anisotropic electron-phonon interaction, a hot-phonon regime where the E_{2g} phonons can achieve significantly larger effective populations than other modes, is triggered in MgB_{2} by the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse. Spectral signatures of this scenario in ultrafast pump-probe Raman spectroscopy are discussed in detail, revealing also a fundamental role of nonadiabatic processes in the optical features of the E_{2g} mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Novko
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabio Caruso
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuele Cappelluti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 34149 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Wang J, Sui X, Gao S, Duan W, Liu F, Huang B. Anomalous Dirac Plasmons in 1D Topological Electrides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:206402. [PMID: 31809077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.206402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plasmon opens up the possibility to efficiently couple light and matter at subwavelength scales. In general, the plasmon frequency, intensity, and damping are dependent on the carrier density. These dependencies, however, are disadvantageous for stable functionalities of plasmons and render fundamentally a weak intensity at low frequency, especially for the Dirac plasmon (DP) widely studied in graphene. Here we demonstrate a new type of DP, emerging from a Dirac nodal-surface state, which can simultaneously exhibit a density-independent frequency, intensity, and damping. Remarkably, we predict the realization of anomalous DP (ADP) in 1D topological electrides, such as Ba_{3}CrN_{3} and Sr_{3}CrN_{3}, by first-principles calculations. The ADPs in both systems have a density-independent frequency and high intensity, and their frequency can be tuned from terahertz to midinfrared by changing the excitation direction. Furthermore, the intrinsic weak electron-phonon coupling of anionic electrons in electrides affords an added advantage of low-phonon-assisted damping and hence a long lifetime of the ADPs. Our Letter paves the way to developing novel plasmonic and optoelectronic devices by combining topological physics with electride materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuelei Sui
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhui Duan
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Novko D, Alducin M, Juaristi JI. Electron-Mediated Phonon-Phonon Coupling Drives the Vibrational Relaxation of CO on Cu(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:156804. [PMID: 29756898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.156804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We bring forth a consistent theory for the electron-mediated vibrational intermode coupling that clarifies the microscopic mechanism behind the vibrational relaxation of adsorbates on metal surfaces. Our analysis points out the inability of state-of-the-art nonadiabatic theories to quantitatively reproduce the experimental linewidth of the CO internal stretch mode on Cu(100) and it emphasizes the crucial role of the electron-mediated phonon-phonon coupling in this regard. The results demonstrate a strong electron-mediated coupling between the internal stretch and low-energy CO modes, but also a significant role of surface motion. Our nonadiabatic theory is also able to explain the temperature dependence of the internal stretch phonon linewidth, thus far considered a sign of the direct anharmonic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Novko
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Alducin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J I Juaristi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Químicas UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Hage FS, Hardcastle TP, Gjerding MN, Kepaptsoglou DM, Seabourne CR, Winther KT, Zan R, Amani JA, Hofsaess HC, Bangert U, Thygesen KS, Ramasse QM. Local Plasmon Engineering in Doped Graphene. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1837-1848. [PMID: 29369611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom B or N substitutional doping in single-layer suspended graphene, realized by low-energy ion implantation, is shown to induce a dampening or enhancement of the characteristic interband π plasmon of graphene through a high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy study using scanning transmission electron microscopy. A relative 16% decrease or 20% increase in the π plasmon quality factor is attributed to the presence of a single substitutional B or N atom dopant, respectively. This modification is in both cases shown to be relatively localized, with data suggesting the plasmonic response tailoring can no longer be detected within experimental uncertainties beyond a distance of approximately 1 nm from the dopant. Ab initio calculations confirm the trends observed experimentally. Our results directly confirm the possibility of tailoring the plasmonic properties of graphene in the ultraviolet waveband at the atomic scale, a crucial step in the quest for utilizing graphene's properties toward the development of plasmonic and optoelectronic devices operating at ultraviolet frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor P Hardcastle
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Morten N Gjerding
- CAMD and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 1, Building 307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Demie M Kepaptsoglou
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K
- York NanoCentre, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5BR, U.K
| | - Che R Seabourne
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Kirsten T Winther
- CAMD and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 1, Building 307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Recep Zan
- Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Niğde Omer Halisdemir University , Niğde 51000, Turkey
| | - Julian Alexander Amani
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans C Hofsaess
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Bernal Institute and Department of Physics, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kristian S Thygesen
- CAMD and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej 1, Building 307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA4 4AD, U.K
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Physics, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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