1
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Mearini S, Baranowski D, Brandstetter D, Windischbacher A, Cojocariu I, Gargiani P, Valvidares M, Schio L, Floreano L, Puschnig P, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Band Structure Engineering in 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404667. [PMID: 39119845 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The design of 2D metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) takes advantage of the combination of the diverse electronic properties of simple organic ligands with different transition metal (TM) centers. The strong directional nature of the coordinative bonds is the basis for the structural stability and the periodic arrangement of the TM cores in these architectures. Here, direct and clear evidence that 2D MOFs exhibit intriguing energy-dispersive electronic bands with a hybrid character and distinct magnetic properties in the metal cores, resulting from the interactions between the TM electronic levels and the organic ligand π-molecular orbitals, is reported. Importantly, a method to effectively tune both the electronic structure of 2D MOFs and the magnetic properties of the metal cores by exploiting the electronic structure of distinct TMs is presented. Consequently, the ionization potential characteristic of selected TMs, particularly the relative energy position and symmetry of the 3d states, can be used to strategically engineer bands within specific metal-organic frameworks. These findings not only provide a rationale for band structure engineering in 2D MOFs but also offer promising opportunities for advanced material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mearini
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich Research Centre, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Baranowski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich Research Centre, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Schio
- TASC Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- TASC Laboratory, CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich Research Centre, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Claus Michael Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich Research Centre, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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2
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Payam AF, Khalil S, Chakrabarti S. Synthesis and Characterization of MOF-Derived Structures: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310348. [PMID: 38660830 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Due to their facile tunability, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed as precursors and templates to construct advanced functional materials with unique and desired chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. By tuning MOF precursor composition and manipulating conversion processes, various MOF-derived materials commonly known as MOF derivatives can be constructed. The possibility of controlled and predictable properties makes MOF derivatives a preferred choice for numerous advanced technological applications. The innovative synthetic designs besides the plethora of interdisciplinary characterization approaches applicable to MOF derivatives provide the opportunity to perform a myriad of experiments to explore the performance and offer key insight to develop the next generation of advanced materials. Though there are many published works of literature describing various synthesis and characterization techniques of MOF derivatives, it is still not clear how the synthesis mechanism works and what are the best techniques to characterize these materials to probe their properties accurately. In this review, the recent development in synthesis techniques and mechanisms for a variety of MOF derivates such as MOF-derived metal oxides, porous carbon, composites/hybrids, and sulfides is summarized. Furthermore, the details of characterization techniques and fundamental working principles are summarized to probe the structural, mechanical, physiochemical, electrochemical, and electronic properties of MOF and MOF derivatives. The future trends and some remaining challenges in the synthesis and characterization of MOF derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Sameh Khalil
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Supriya Chakrabarti
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, 2-24 York Street, Belfast, BT15 1AP, UK
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3
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Lyu C, Gao Y, Zhou K, Hua M, Shi Z, Liu PN, Huang L, Lin N. On-Surface Self-Assembly Kinetic Study of Cu-Hexaazatriphenylene 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks on Coinage Metals and MoS 2 Substrates. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39031124 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination self-assembly on solid surfaces provides an effective route to form two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In such processes, surface-adsorbate interaction plays a key role in determining the MOFs' structural and chemical properties. Here, we conduct a systematic study of Cu-HAT (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) 2D conjugated MOFs (c-MOFs) self-assembled on Cu(111), Au(111), Ag(111), and MoS2 substrates. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we found that the as-formed Cu3HAT2 c-MOFs on the four substrates exhibit distinctive structural features including lattice constant and molecular conformation. The structural variations can be attributed to the differentiated substrate effects on the 2D c-MOFs, including adsorption energy, lattice commensurability, and surface reactivity. Specifically, the framework grown on MoS2 is nearly identical to its free-standing counterpart. This suggests that the 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are good candidate substrates for building intrinsic 2D MOFs, which hold promise for next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Lyu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Baranowski D, Thaler M, Brandstetter D, Windischbacher A, Cojocariu I, Mearini S, Chesnyak V, Schio L, Floreano L, Gutiérrez Bolaños C, Puschnig P, Patera LL, Feyer V, Schneider CM. Emergence of Band Structure in a Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework upon Hierarchical Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2024; 18. [PMID: 39016665 PMCID: PMC11295184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D-MOFs) represent a category of atomically thin materials that combine the structural tunability of molecular systems with the crystalline structure characteristic of solids. The strong bonding between the organic linkers and transition metal centers is expected to result in delocalized electronic states. However, it remains largely unknown how the band structure in 2D-MOFs emerges through the coupling of electronic states in the building blocks. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of a 2D-MOF exhibiting prominent π-conjugation. Through a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we provide direct evidence of band structure formation upon hierarchical self-assembly, going from metal-organic complexes to a conjugated two-dimensional framework. Additionally, we identify the robustly dispersive nature of the emerging hybrid states, irrespective of the metallic support type, highlighting the tunability of the band structure through charge transfer from the substrate. Our findings encourage the exploration of band-structure engineering in 2D-MOFs for potential applications in electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baranowski
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich
Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Thaler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich
Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza
S.S. 14, Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy
- Physics
Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Mearini
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich
Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Valeria Chesnyak
- Physics
Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CNR - Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), TASC Laboratory, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- CNR - Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), TASC Laboratory, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR - Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), TASC Laboratory, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laerte L. Patera
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich
Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Claus M. Schneider
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Jülich
Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Lowe B, Field B, Hellerstedt J, Ceddia J, Nourse HL, Powell BJ, Medhekar NV, Schiffrin A. Local gate control of Mott metal-insulator transition in a 2D metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3559. [PMID: 38670958 PMCID: PMC11053079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron-electron interactions in materials lead to exotic many-body quantum phenomena, including Mott metal-insulator transitions (MITs), magnetism, quantum spin liquids, and superconductivity. These phases depend on electronic band occupation and can be controlled via the chemical potential. Flat bands in two-dimensional (2D) and layered materials with a kagome lattice enhance electronic correlations. Although theoretically predicted, correlated-electron Mott insulating phases in monolayer 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a kagome structure have not yet been realised experimentally. Here, we synthesise a 2D kagome MOF on a 2D insulator. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy reveal a MOF electronic energy gap of ∼200 meV, consistent with dynamical mean-field theory predictions of a Mott insulator. Combining template-induced (via work function variations of the substrate) and STM probe-induced gating, we locally tune the electron population of the MOF kagome bands and induce Mott MITs. These findings enable technologies based on electrostatic control of many-body quantum phases in 2D MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lowe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard Field
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian Ceddia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry L Nourse
- Quantum Information Science and Technology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ben J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nikhil V Medhekar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Zhao X, Miao X. Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks with geometric topological diversity via scanning tunneling microscopy. iScience 2024; 27:109392. [PMID: 38500826 PMCID: PMC10946334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface-supported metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs) are long-range ordered periodic 2D lattice layers formed by inorganic metal nodes and organic ligands via coordination bonds on substrate surfaces. The atomic resolution STM lays a solid foundation for the conception and construction of SMOFs with large area, stable structure, and special function. In this review, the cutting-edge research of SMOFs from design strategy, preparation process, and how to accurately achieve structural and functional diversity are reviewed. Furthermore, we focus on the design and construction of novel and fascinating periodic and fractal structures, in which some typical honeycomb structures, Kagome lattice, hexagonal geometry, and Sierpiński triangles are summarized, and the related prospects for designing functional nanoscale systems and architectures are prospected. Finally, the challenges faced in the design and synthesis of SMOFs are denoted, and the application prospect and development trend of SMOFs are forecasted based on the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Fan D, Ozcan A, Lyu P, Maurin G. Unravelling abnormal in-plane stretchability of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks by machine learning potential molecular dynamics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3438-3447. [PMID: 38265127 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold immense potential for various applications due to their distinctive intrinsic properties compared to their 3D analogues. Herein, we designed a highly stable NiF2(pyrazine)2 2D MOF in silico with a two-dimensional periodic wine-rack architecture. Extensive first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a newly developed machine learning potential (MLP) revealed that this 2D MOF exhibits huge in-plane Poisson's ratio anisotropy. This results in anomalous negative in-plane stretchability, as evidenced by an uncommon decrease in its in-plane area upon the application of uniaxial tensile strain, which makes this 2D MOF particularly attractive for flexible wearable electronics and ultra-thin sensor applications. We further demonstrated the unique capability of MLP to accurately predict the finite-temperature properties of MOFs on a large scale, exemplified by MLP-MD simulations with a dimension of 28.2 × 28.2 nm2, relevant to the length scale experimentally attainable for the fabrication of MOF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095, France.
| | - Aydin Ozcan
- TUBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Materials Technologies, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095, France.
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8
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Wang X, Lin T, Lin N. A Cu 2(C 6O 6) metal-organic framework monolayer assembled on silicon carbide grown graphene exhibiting a metallic band structure. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1120-1124. [PMID: 38131418 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04331b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of a monolayer metal-organic framework of Cu-benzenehexol (BHO) on a graphene/SiC substrate assisted by in situ Cu-catalyzed deprotonation reactions. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the free-standing framework is a semiconductor with a band gap of 0.485 eV. Interestingly, upon adsorption on the substrate, the Fermi level is up-shifted to the conduction band of the free-standing framework due to the n-doped graphene on SiC, while the other band structure features are largely preserved. The metallic nature corroborates the scanning tunneling microscopy images acquired near the Fermi level. This work demonstrates that the graphene substrate, which interacts weakly with the framework, can be used to tune the Fermi level of the metal-organic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Physics Laboratory, Industrial Training Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Song L, Wang J, Zhu H, Huang P, Lin H, Chi L, Li Q. Synthesis of Large-Scale High-Quality Metal-Organic Frameworks on Cu(100) via Hierarchical Dehydrogenation Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11286-11291. [PMID: 38063416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stimulus has been considered as a promising strategy for controlling on-surface reactions, allowing the formation of diverse products on metal substrates. Here, we successfully achieve hierarchical dehydrogenation reactions of amino groups on a Cu(100) surface. By carefully adjusting the experimental parameters, we synthesize large-scale and low-defect density surface metal-organic frameworks on copper surfaces. Our work sheds light on a controllable route for the synthesis of high-quality metal-organic coordination supramolecular structures via on-surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Huang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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10
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Lu J, Nieckarz D, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Zheng F, Rżysko W, Lisiecki J, Szabelski P, Sun Q. Order-Disorder Transition of Two-Dimensional Molecular Networks through a Stoichiometric Design. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20194-20202. [PMID: 37788293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Materials with disordered structures may exhibit interesting properties. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials composed of metal nodes and coordinating organic linkers. Recently, there has been growing interest in MOFs with structural disorder and the investigations of amorphous structures on surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate a bottom-up method to construct disordered molecular networks on metal surfaces by selecting two organic molecule linkers with the same symmetry but different sizes for preparing two-component samples with different stoichiometric ratios. The amorphous networks are directly imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum with a submolecular resolution, allowing us to quantify its degree of disorder and other structural properties. Furthermore, we resort to molecular dynamics simulations to understand the formation of the amorphous metal-organic networks. The results may advance our understanding of the mechanism of formation of monolayer molecular networks with structural disorders, facilitating the design and exploration of amorphous MOF materials with intriguing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Lisiecki
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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11
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Ruiz Del Árbol N, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Martínez JI, Rodríguez L, Serrate D, Verdini A, Floreano L, Jacobson P, Grill L, Martín-Gago JA, López MF. On-surface synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: the critical role of the reaction conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2954-2957. [PMID: 36804728 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Two different metal-organic frameworks with either a honeycomb or Kagome structure were grown on Cu(111) using para-aminophenol molecules and native surface adatoms. Although both frameworks are made up from the same chemical species, they are structurally different emphasizing the critical role being played by the reaction conditions during their growth. This work highlights the importance of the balance between thermodynamics and kinetics in the final structure of surface-supported metal-organic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ruiz Del Árbol
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-UNIZAR, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Verdini
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María F López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Frezza F, Schiller F, Cahlík A, Ortega JE, Barth JV, Arnau A, Blanco-Rey M, Jelínek P, Corso M, Piquero-Zulaica I. Electronic band structure of 1D π-d hybridized narrow-gap metal-organic polymers. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2285-2291. [PMID: 36633266 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) metal-organic (MO) nanowires are captivating from fundamental and technological perspectives due to their distinctive magnetic and electronic properties. The solvent-free synthesis of such nanomaterials on catalytic surfaces provides a unique approach for fabricating low-dimensional single-layer materials with atomic precision and low amount of defects. A detailed understanding of the electronic structure of MO polymers such as band gap and dispersive bands is critical for their prospective implementation into nanodevices such as spin sensors or field-effect transistors. Here, we have performed the on-surface reaction of quinoidal ligands with single cobalt atoms (Co-QDI) on a vicinal Au(788) surface in ultra-high vacuum. This procedure promotes the growth and uniaxial alignment of Co-QDI MO chains along the surface atomic steps, while permitting the mapping of their electronic properties with space-averaging angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In the direction parallel to the principal chain axis, a well-defined 1D band structure with weakly dispersive and dispersive bands is observed, confirming a pronounced electron delocalization. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy delves into the atomically precise structure of the nanowires and elucidates their narrow bandgap. These findings are supported with GW0 band structure calculations showing that the observed electronic bands emanate from the efficient hybridization of Co(3d) and molecular orbitals. Our work paves the way towards a systematic search of similar 1D π-d hybridized MO chains with tunable electronic and magnetic properties defined by the transition or rare earth metal atom of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Frezza
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Brehová 78/7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materials CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materials CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departmento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Andres Arnau
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materials CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Blanco-Rey
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomuc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro de Física de Materials CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Cucinotta A, Kahlfuss C, Minoia A, Eyley S, Zwaenepoel K, Velpula G, Thielemans W, Lazzaroni R, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Metal Ion and Guest-Mediated Spontaneous Resolution and Solvent-Induced Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Guanine-Based Metallosupramolecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1194-1205. [PMID: 36576950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) chirality has been actively studied in view of numerous applications of chiral surfaces such as in chiral resolutions and enantioselective catalysis. Here, we report on the expression and amplification of chirality in hybrid 2D metallosupramolecular networks formed by a nucleobase derivative. Self-assembly of a guanine derivative appended with a pyridyl node was studied at the solution-graphite interface in the presence and absence of coordinating metal ions. In the absence of coordinating metal ions, a monolayer that is representative of a racemic compound was obtained. This system underwent spontaneous resolution upon addition of a coordinating ion and led to the formation of a racemic conglomerate. The spontaneous resolution could also be achieved upon addition of a suitable guest molecule. The mirror symmetry observed in the formation of the metallosupramolecular networks could be broken via the use of an enantiopure solvent, which led to the formation of a globally homochiral surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Cucinotta
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Kahlfuss
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Keanu Zwaenepoel
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Véronique Bulach
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Schulze Lammers B, López-Salas N, Stein Siena J, Mirhosseini H, Yesilpinar D, Heske J, Kühne TD, Fuchs H, Antonietti M, Mönig H. Real-Space Identification of Non-Noble Single Atomic Catalytic Sites within Metal-Coordinated Supramolecular Networks. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14284-14296. [PMID: 36053675 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With regard to the development of single atom catalysts (SACs), non-noble metal-organic layers combine a large functional variability with cost efficiency. Here, we characterize reacted layers of melamine and melem molecules on a Cu(111) surface by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ab initio simulations. Upon deposition on the substrate and subsequent heat treatments in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), these precursors undergo a stepwise dehydrogenation. After full dehydrogenation of the amino groups, the molecular units lie flat and are strongly chemisorbed on the copper substrate. We observe a particularly extreme interaction of the dehydrogenated nitrogen atoms with single copper atoms located at intermolecular sites. In agreement with the nc-AFM measurements performed with an O-terminated copper tip on these triazine- and heptazine-based copper nitride structures, our ab initio simulations confirm a pronounced interaction of oxygen species at these N-Cu-N sites. To investigate the related functional properties of our samples regarding the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), we developed an electrochemical setup for cyclic voltammetry experiments performed at ambient pressure within a drop of electrolyte in a controlled O2 or N2 environment. Both copper nitride structures show a robust activity in irreversibly catalyzing the reduction of oxygen. The activity is assigned to the intermolecular N-Cu-N sites of the triazine- and heptazine-based copper nitrides or corresponding oxygenated versions (N-CuO-N, N-CuO2-N). By combining nc-AFM characterization on the atomic scale with a direct electrochemical proof of performance, our work provides fundamental insights about active sites in a technologically highly relevant reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julya Stein Siena
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hossein Mirhosseini
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Damla Yesilpinar
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Heske
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Jakub Z, Kurowská A, Herich O, Černá L, Kormoš L, Shahsavar A, Procházka P, Čechal J. Remarkably stable metal-organic frameworks on an inert substrate: M-TCNQ on graphene (M = Ni, Fe, Mn). NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9507-9515. [PMID: 35749122 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential applications of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOF) require the frameworks to be monophase and well-defined at the atomic scale, to be decoupled from the supporting substrate, and to remain stable at the application conditions. Here, we present three systems meeting this elusive set of requirements: M-TCNQ (M = Ni, Fe, Mn) on epitaxial graphene/Ir(111). We study the systems experimentally by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When synthesized on graphene, the 2D M-TCNQ MOFs are monophase with M1(TCNQ)1 stoichiometry, no alternative structure was observed with slight variation of the preparation protocol. We further demonstrate a remarkable chemical and thermal stability of TCNQ-based 2D MOFs: all the studied systems survive exposure to ambient conditions, with Ni-TCNQ doing so without any significant changes to its atomic-scale structure or chemical state. Thermally, the most stable system is Fe-TCNQ which remains stable above 500 °C, while all the tested MOFs survive heating to 250 °C. Overall, the modular M-TCNQ/graphene system combines the atomic-scale definition required for fundamental studies with the robustness and stability needed for applications, thus we consider it an ideal model for research in single atom catalysis, spintronics or high-density storage media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Jakub
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Kurowská
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Herich
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Černá
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kormoš
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Azin Shahsavar
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Procházka
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Čechal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Monte Carlo Simulations of the Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of Y-Shaped Positional Isomers. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rational fabrication of low-dimensional materials with a well-defined topology and functions is an incredibly important aspect of nanotechnology. In particular, the on-surface synthesis (OSS) methods based on the bottom-up approach enable a facile construction of sophisticated molecular architectures unattainable by traditional methods of wet chemistry. Among such supramolecular constructs, especially interesting are the surface-supported metal–organic networks (SMONs), composed of low-coordinated metal atoms and π-aromatic bridging linkers. In this work, the lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique was used to extract the chemical information encoded in a family of Y-shaped positional isomers co-adsorbed with trivalent metal atoms on a flat metallic surface with (111) geometry. Depending on the intramolecular distribution of active centers (within the simulated molecular bricks, we observed a metal-directed self-assembly of two-dimensional (2D) openwork patterns, aperiodic mosaics, and metal–organic ladders. The obtained theoretical findings could be especially relevant for the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experimentalists interested in a surface-assisted construction of complex nanomaterials stabilized by directional coordination bonds.
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17
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Yamanami K, Fujita Y, Matsui K, Asari R, Kusawake T, Shimizu TK. Evidence of One-Dimensional Channels in Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Porous Thin Films Fabricated at the Air/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1910-1914. [PMID: 35094509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of periodically aligned pores in organic frameworks is a key to the understanding of their structural control. Comparing to monolayer-thick self-assembled molecular networks, real-space nanoscale characterization of thicker films, especially obtaining information on the stacking manner of molecules is challenging. Here, we report an atomic force microscopy study of hydrogen-bonded thin films fabricated at the air/liquid interface. The presence of one-dimensional channels is evidenced by resolving honeycomb structures over the films with the thickness variation of more than several nanometers. We also demonstrate that the film thickness can be controlled by the ratio of mixed solvent rather than the surface pressure during the fabrication at the air/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yamanami
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuma Matsui
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryu Asari
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kusawake
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoko K Shimizu
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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18
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Kang S, Yu J. Electronic structure and magnetic properties of transition metal Kagome metal-organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22168-22180. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kagome metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered a new class of materials that can host two-dimensional (2D) magnetism and correlated electron phenomena such as superconductivity and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Despite...
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19
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Wang S, Nishiuchi T, Pignedoli CA, Yao X, Di Giovannantonio M, Zhao Y, Narita A, Feng X, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Fasel R. Steering on-surface reactions through molecular steric hindrance and molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions. QUANTUM FRONTIERS 2022; 1:23. [PMID: 36619715 PMCID: PMC9809985 DOI: 10.1007/s44214-022-00023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is a rapidly developing field involving chemical reactions on well-defined solid surfaces to access synthesis of low-dimensional organic nanostructures which cannot be achieved via traditional solution chemistry. On-surface reactions critically depend on a high degree of chemoselectivity in order to achieve an optimum balance between target structure and possible side products. Here, we demonstrate synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a large unit cell based on steric hindrance-induced complete chemoselectivity as revealed by scanning probe microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. Our results disclose that combined molecule-substrate van der Waals interactions and intermolecular steric hindrance promote a selective aryl-aryl coupling, giving rise to high-quality uniform graphene nanostructures. The established coupling strategy has been used to synthesize two types of graphene nanoribbons with different edge topologies inducing a pronounced variation of the electronic energy gaps. The demonstrated chemoselectivity is representative for n-anthryl precursor molecules and may be further exploited to synthesize graphene nanoribbons with novel electronic, topological and magnetic properties with implications for electronic and spintronic applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44214-022-00023-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wang
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Suita, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xuelin Yao
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Present Address: Istituto di Struttura della Materia—CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133 Italy
| | - Yan Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Yan L, Silveira OJ, Alldritt B, Kezilebieke S, Foster AS, Liljeroth P. Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework on Superconducting NbSe 2. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17813-17819. [PMID: 34730941 PMCID: PMC8613900 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional (2D) materials into vertical heterostructures has emerged as a promising path to designer quantum materials with exotic properties. Here, we extend this concept from inorganic 2D materials to 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that offer additional flexibility in realizing designer heterostructures. We successfully fabricate a monolayer 2D Cu-dicyanoanthracene MOF on a 2D van der Waals NbSe2 superconducting substrate. The structural and electronic properties of two different phases of the 2D MOF are characterized by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), complemented by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. These experiments allow us to follow the formation of the kagome band structure from Star of David-shaped building blocks. This work extends the synthesis and electronic tunability of 2D MOFs beyond the electronically less relevant metal and semiconducting surfaces to superconducting substrates, which are needed for the development of emerging quantum materials such as topological superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Benjamin Alldritt
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Adam S. Foster
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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21
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Soe WH, Robles R, de Mendoza P, Echavarren AM, Lorente N, Joachim C. Doublet-Singlet-Doublet Transition in a Single Organic Molecule Magnet On-Surface Constructed with up to 3 Aluminum Atoms. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8317-8323. [PMID: 34520215 PMCID: PMC8517976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Starting from a long aza-starphene neutral and nonmagnetic organic molecule, a single-molecule magnet is on-surface constructed using up to 3 light nonmagnetic aluminum (Al) atoms. Seldom observed in solution with transition-metal atoms and going from 1 to 3 Al coordinated atoms, the doublet-singlet-doublet transition is easily on-surface accessible using the scanning tunneling microscope single-atom and single-molecule manipulations on a gold(111) surface. With 3 coordinated Al atoms, the lateral vibration modes of the Al3-aza-starphene molecule magnet are largely frozen. Using the Kondo states, this opens the observation of the in-phase Al vertical atom vibrations and out-of-phase central phenyl vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- We-Hyo Soe
- Centre
d’Elaboration de Matériaux et d’Études
Structurales (CEMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(CNRS), Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue J. Marvig, BP 94347, Cedex 31055 Toulouse, France
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Material Sciences (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Roberto Robles
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paula de Mendoza
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lorente
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christian Joachim
- Centre
d’Elaboration de Matériaux et d’Études
Structurales (CEMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(CNRS), Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue J. Marvig, BP 94347, Cedex 31055 Toulouse, France
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Material Sciences (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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22
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Parreiras SO, Moreno D, Cirera B, Valbuena MA, Urgel JI, Paradinas M, Panighel M, Ajejas F, Niño MA, Gallego JM, Valvidares M, Gargiani P, Kuch W, Martínez JI, Mugarza A, Camarero J, Miranda R, Perna P, Écija D. Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy of Lanthanides on a Metal Substrate by Metal-Organic Coordination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102753. [PMID: 34279062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Taming the magnetic anisotropy of lanthanides through coordination environments is crucial to take advantage of the lanthanides properties in thermally robust nanomaterials. In this work, the electronic and magnetic properties of Dy-carboxylate metal-organic networks on Cu(111) based on an eightfold coordination between Dy and ditopic linkers are inspected. This surface science study based on scanning probe microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, complemented with density functional theory and multiplet calculations, reveals that the magnetic anisotropy landscape of the system is complex. Surface-supported metal-organic coordination is able to induce a change in the orientation of the easy magnetization axis of the Dy coordinative centers as compared to isolated Dy atoms and Dy clusters, and significantly increases the magnetic anisotropy. Surprisingly, Dy atoms coordinated in the metallosupramolecular networks display a nearly in-plane easy magnetization axis despite the out-of-plane symmetry axis of the coordinative molecular lattice. Multiplet calculations highlight the decisive role of the metal-organic coordination, revealing that the tilted orientation is the result of a very delicate balance between the interaction of Dy with O atoms and the precise geometry of the crystal field. This study opens new avenues to tailor the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic moments of lanthanide elements on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia O Parreiras
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Borja Cirera
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel A Valbuena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Markos Paradinas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Mirco Panighel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Fernando Ajejas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel A Niño
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Kuch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Julio Camarero
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Paolo Perna
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanoscience), Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Han D, Zhu J. Surface-assisted fabrication of low-dimensional carbon-based nanoarchitectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:343001. [PMID: 34111858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as an alternative to traditional in-solution synthesis, has become an emerging research field and attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to its ability to fabricate nanoarchitectures with exotic properties. Compared to wet chemistry, the on-surface synthesis conducted on atomically flat solid surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum exhibits unprecedented characteristics and advantages, opening novel reaction pathways for chemical synthesis. Various low-dimensional nanostructures have been fabricated on solid surfaces (mostly metal surfaces) based on this newly developed approach. This paper reviews the classic and latest works regarding carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures since the arrival of on-surface synthesis era. These nanostructures are categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional classes and each class is composed of numerous sub-nanostructures. For certain specific nanostructures, comprehensive reports are given, including precursor design, substrate choice, synthetic strategies and so forth. We hope that our review will shed light on the fabrication of some significant nanostructures in this young and promising scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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24
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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25
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Kumar A, Banerjee K, Ervasti MM, Kezilebieke S, Dvorak M, Rinke P, Harju A, Liljeroth P. Electronic Characterization of a Charge-Transfer Complex Monolayer on Graphene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9945-9954. [PMID: 34028269 PMCID: PMC8223480 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) formed by strong electron acceptor and strong electron donor molecules are known to exhibit exotic effects such as superconductivity and charge density waves. We present a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (LT-STM/STS) study of a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer CTC of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), self-assembled on the surface of oxygen-intercalated epitaxial graphene on Ir(111) (G/O/Ir(111)). We confirm the formation of the charge-transfer complex by dI/dV spectroscopy and direct imaging of the singly occupied molecular orbitals. High-resolution spectroscopy reveals a gap at zero bias, suggesting the formation of a correlated ground state at low temperatures. These results point to the possibility to realize and study correlated ground states in charge-transfer complex monolayers on weakly interacting surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Kumar
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Jatni, 752050 Khurda, India
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kaustuv Banerjee
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikko M. Ervasti
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Marc Dvorak
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ari Harju
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Varian
Medical Systems Finland, FI-00270 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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26
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Herrero ACG, Féron M, Bendiab N, Den Hertog M, Reita V, Salut R, Palmino F, Coraux J, Chérioux F. Nano-sheets of two-dimensional polymers with dinuclear (arene)ruthenium nodes, synthesised at a liquid/liquid interface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:355603. [PMID: 34030148 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new class of mono- or few-layered two-dimensional polymers based on dinuclear (arene)ruthenium nodes, obtained by combining the imine condensation with an interfacial chemistry process, and use a modified Langmuir-Schaefer method to transfer them onto solid surfaces. Robust nano-sheets of two-dimensional polymers including dinuclear complexes of heavy ruthenium atoms as nodes were synthesised. These nano-sheets, whose thickness is of a few tens of nanometers, were suspended onto solid porous membranes. Then, they were thoroughly characterised with a combination of local probes, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy in imaging and diffraction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Féron
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Nedjma Bendiab
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martien Den Hertog
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Reita
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roland Salut
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Frank Palmino
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Johann Coraux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut NÉEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Chérioux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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27
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Hernández-López L, Piquero-Zulaica I, Downing CA, Piantek M, Fujii J, Serrate D, Ortega JE, Bartolomé F, Lobo-Checa J. Searching for kagome multi-bands and edge states in a predicted organic topological insulator. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5216-5223. [PMID: 33661272 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mixed honeycomb-kagome lattices featuring metal-organic networks have been theoretically proposed as topological insulator materials capable of hosting nontrivial edge states. This new family of so-called "organic topological insulators" are purely two-dimensional and combine polyaromatic-flat molecules with metal adatoms. However, their experimental validation is still pending given the generalized absence of edge states. Here, we generate one such proposed network on a Cu(111) substrate and study its morphology and electronic structure with the purpose of confirming its topological properties. The structural techniques reveal a practically flawless network that results in a kagome network multi-band observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, at the network island borders we notice the absence of edge states. Bond-resolved imaging of the network exhibits an unexpected structural symmetry alteration that explains such disappearance. This collective lifting of the network symmetry could be more general than initially expected and provide a simple explanation for the recurrent experimental absence of edge states in predicted organic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Hernández-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Charles A Downing
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Marten Piantek
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jun Fujii
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolomé
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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28
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Huang X, Oleynikov P, He H, Mayoral A, Mu L, Lin F, Zhang YB. Docking MOF crystals on graphene support for highly selective electrocatalytic peroxide production. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:145-152. [PMID: 33680338 PMCID: PMC7921286 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the reaction kinetics is the central theme of designer electrocatalysts, which enables the selective conversion of abundant and inert atmospheric species into useful products. Here we show a supporting effect in tuning the electrocatalytic kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) from four-electron to two-electron mechanism by docking metalloporphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals on graphene support, leading to highly selective peroxide production with faradaic efficiency as high as 93.4%. A magic angle of 38.1° tilting for the co-facial alignment was uncovered by electron diffraction tomography, which is attributed to the maximization of π-π interaction for mitigating the lattice and symmetry mismatch between MOF and graphene. The facilitated electron migration and oxygen chemisorption could be ascribed to the supportive effect of graphene that disperses of the electron state of the active center, and ultimately regulates rate-determining step. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (synthesis protocols for control samples, morphological and structural characterizations, porosity, electrochemical properties and activities including SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman, AFM investigations) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3382-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Peter Oleynikov
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Hailong He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Linqin Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
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29
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Conversion of bimetallic MOF to Ru-doped Cu electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:257-264. [PMID: 36654331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and construction of inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great importance for water splitting. Herein, we develop a facile approach for preparation of porous carbon-confined Ru-doped Cu nanoparticles (denoted as Ru-Cu@C) by direct pyrolysis of the Ru-exchanged Cu-BTC metal-organic framework. When served as the electrocatalyst for HER, strikingly, the obtained Ru-Cu@C catalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential (only 20 mV at 10 mA cm-2) with a small Tafel slope of 37 mV dec-1 in alkaline electrolyte. The excellent performance is comparable or even superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that introducing Ru atoms into Cu nanocrystals can significantly alter the desorption of H2 to achieve a close-to-zero hydrogen adsorption energy and thereby boost the HER process. This strategy gives a fresh impetus to explore low-cost and high-performance catalysts for HER in alkaline media.
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30
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Rathnayake H, Saha S, Dawood S, Loeffler S, Starobin J. Analytical Approach to Screen Semiconducting MOFs Using Bloch Mode Analysis and Spectroscopic Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:884-891. [PMID: 33433223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple analytical approach is developed to screen the semiconducting properties of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) by modeling the band structure and predicting the density of state of isoreticular MOFs (IRMOFs). One can consider the periodic arrangement of metal nodes linked by organic subunits as a 1D periodic array crystal model, which can be aligned with any unit-cell axis included in the IRMOF's primitive cubic lattice. In such a structure, each valence electron of a metal atom feels the potential field of the entire periodic array. We allocate the 1D periodic array in a crystal unit cell to three IRMOFs-n (n = 1, 8, and 10) of the Zn4O(L)3 IRMOF series and apply the model to their crystal lattices with unit-cell constants a = 25.66, 30.09, and 34.28 Å, respectively. By solving Schrödinger's equation with a Kronig-Penney periodic potential and fitting the computed energy spectra to IRMOFs' experimental spectroscopic data, we model electronic band structures and obtain densities of state. The band diagram of each IRMOF reveals the nature of its electronic structures and density of state, allowing one to identify its n- or p-type semiconducting behavior. This novel analytical approach serves as a predictive and rapid screening tool to search the MOF database to identify potential semiconducting MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Rathnayake
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Sujoy Saha
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Sheeba Dawood
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Shane Loeffler
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Joseph Starobin
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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31
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Jiang W, Ni X, Liu F. Exotic Topological Bands and Quantum States in Metal-Organic and Covalent-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:416-426. [PMID: 33400497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMetal-organic and covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs) have been extensively studied for fundamental interests and their promising applications, taking advantage of their unique structural properties, i.e., high porosity and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, their electronic and magnetic properties have been somewhat overlooked because of their relatively poor performance as conductive and/or magnetic materials. Recent experimental breakthroughs in synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) π-conjugated MOFs/COFs with high conductivity and robust magnetism through doping have generated renewed and increasing interest in their electronic properties. Meanwhile, comprehensive theoretical studies of the underlying physical principles have led to discovery of many exotic quantum states, such as topological insulating states, which were only observed in inorganic systems. Especially, the diversity and high tunability of MOFs/COFs have provided a playground to explore novel quantum physics and quantum chemistry as well as promising applications.The band theory has empowered us to understand the most fundamental electronic properties of inorganic crystalline materials, which can also be used to better understand MOFs/COFs. The first obvious difference between the two is that instead of atomic orbitals residing at lattice sites of inorganic crystals, molecular orbitals of organic ligands are predominant in MOFs/COFs. The second key difference is that usually all atomic orbitals in an inorganic crystal are subject to one common group of lattice symmetry, while atomic orbitals of metal ion and molecular orbitals of different organic ligands in MOFs/COFs belong to different subgroups of lattice symmetries. Both these differences will impact the band structure of MOFs/COFs, in particular making it more complex. Consequently, which subset of bands are of most importance depends strongly on the location of Fermi level, i.e., electron counting and charge doping. Furthermore, there are usually two types of characteristic electrons coupled in MOFs, i.e., strongly correlated localized d and f electrons and diffusive s and p electrons, which interplay with lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom, leading to more exotic topological and magnetic band structures.In this Account, we present an up-to-date review of recent theoretical developments to better understand the exotic band structures of MOFs/COFs. Starting from three fundamental 2D lattice models, i.e., honeycomb, Kagome, and Lieb lattices, exotic Dirac and flat bands as well as the intriguing topological quantum states they host, e.g., quantum spin Hall and quantum anomalous Hall states, are outlined. In addition to the single-lattice models, we further elaborate on combined lattice model Hamiltonians, which give rise to overlapping bands hosting novel quantum states, such as nodal-line Dirac semimetal and unconventional superconducting states. Also, first-principles predictions of candidate MOFs/COFs that host these exotic bands and hence quantum phases are reviewed, which greatly extends the pool of materials beyond inorganic crystals for hosting exotic band structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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32
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Subudhi S, Tripathy SP, Parida K. Highlights of the characterization techniques on inorganic, organic (COF) and hybrid (MOF) photocatalytic semiconductors. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the brave COVID warriors fighting against the COVID-2019 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Subudhi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Suraj Prakash Tripathy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
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33
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Moreno D, Cirera B, Parreiras SO, Urgel JI, Giménez-Agulló N, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Galán-Mascarós JR, Martínez JI, Ballester P, Miranda R, Écija D. Dysprosium-directed metallosupramolecular network on graphene/Ir(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1380-1383. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On-surface design of dysprosium-directed metal-organic network on graphene/Ir(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Borja Cirera
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Nelson Giménez-Agulló
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Gallego
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José R. Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
- Barcelona 08010
| | - José I. Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC)
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
- Barcelona 08010
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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34
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Kasbe PS, Luo X, Xu W. Interface engineering and integration of two-dimensional polymeric and inorganic materials for advanced hybrid structures. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress and future directions in the creation of hybrid structures based on 2D polymers and inorganic 2D materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S. Kasbe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Xiongyu Luo
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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35
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Bulk and local structures of metal-organic frameworks unravelled by high-resolution electron microscopy. Commun Chem 2020; 3:99. [PMID: 36703329 PMCID: PMC9814830 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodic bulk structures of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be solved by diffraction-based techniques; however, their non-periodic local structures-such as crystal surfaces, grain boundaries, defects, and guest molecules-have long been elusive due to a lack of suitable characterization tools. Recent advances in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has made it possible to probe the local structures of MOFs at atomic resolution. In this article, we discuss why high-resolution (S)TEM of MOFs is challenging and how the new low-dose techniques overcome this challenge, and we review various MOF structural features observed by (S)TEM and important insights gained from these observations. Our discussions focus on real-space imaging, excluding other TEM-related characterization techniques (e.g. electron diffraction and spectroscopy).
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36
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Li S, Duan S, Zha Z, Pan J, Sun L, Liu M, Deng K, Xu X, Qiu X. Structural Phase Transitions of Molecular Self-Assembly Driven by Nonbonded Metal Adatoms. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6331-6338. [PMID: 32396329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of metal atoms in molecular assemblies has enriched the structural and functional diversity of two-dimensional supramolecular networks, where metal atoms are incorporated into the architecture via coordination or ionic bonding. Here we present a temperature-variable study of the self-assembly of the 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TriBB) molecule on Cu(111) that reveals the involvement of nonbonded adatoms in the molecular matrix. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate the molecular-level details of a phase transition of TriBB assembly from the close-packed to porous honeycomb structures at 78 K. This is an unexpected transformation because the close-packed phase is thermodynamically favored in view of its higher molecular density and more intermolecular bonds as compared to the honeycomb lattice. A comprehensive density functional theory calculation suggests that Cu adatoms should be involved in the formation of the honeycomb network, where the Cu adatoms help stabilize the molecular assembly via enhanced van der Waals interactions between TriBB molecules and the underlying substrate. Both calculation and experimental results suggest no chemical bonding or direct charge transfer between the adatoms and the molecules, thus the electronic characteristics of the Cu adatoms trapped in the molecular confinement are close to the intrinsic ones on a clean metal surface and different from those in the traditional coordination-bonded framework. The nonbonded metal adatoms embedded self-assemblies may complement the metal-organic coordination system and can be used to tailor the chemical reactivity and electronic properties of supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P.R. China
| | - Sai Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zeqi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Luye Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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37
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Sadeghi A, Kherelden M, Hua M, Liu J, Kuang G, Yan L, Ortega JE, El-Fattah ZMA, Azizi B, Lin N, Lobo-Checa J. Electron Transmission through Coordinating Atoms Embedded in Metal-Organic Nanoporous Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:266805. [PMID: 31951458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.266805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-surface metal-organic nanoporous networks generally refer to adatom coordinated molecular arrays, which are characterized by the presence of well-defined and regular nanopores. These periodic structures constructed using two types of components confine the surface electrons of the substrate within their nanocavities. However, the confining (or scattering) strength that individual building units exhibit is a priori unknown. Here, we study the modification of the substrate's surface electrons by the interaction with a Cu-coordinated TPyB metal-organic network formed on Cu(111) and disentangle the scattering potentials and confinement properties. By means of STM and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we find almost unperturbed free-electron-like states stemming from the rather weak electron confinement that yields significant coupling between adjacent pores. Electron plane wave expansion simulations match the superlattice induced experimental electronic structure, which features replicating bands and energy renormalization effects. Notably, the electrostatic potential landscape obtained from our ab initio calculations suggests that the molecules are the dominant scattering entities while the coordination metal atoms sandwiched between them act as leaky channels. These metal atom transmission conduits facilitate and enhance the coupling among quantum dots, which are prone to be exploited to engineer the electronic structure of surface electron gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kherelden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto. Física Aplicada I, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Behnam Azizi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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38
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Kumar D, Krull C, Yin Y, Medhekar NV, Schiffrin A. Electric Field Control of Molecular Charge State in a Single-Component 2D Organic Nanoarray. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11882-11890. [PMID: 31584795 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QD) with electric-field-controlled charge state are promising for electronics applications, e.g., digital information storage, single-electron transistors, and quantum computing. Inorganic QDs consisting of semiconductor nanostructures or heterostructures often offer limited control on size and composition distribution as well as low potential for scalability and/or nanoscale miniaturization. Owing to their tunability and self-assembly capability, using organic molecules as building nanounits can allow for bottom-up synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) nanoarrays of QDs. However, 2D molecular self-assembly protocols are often applicable on metals surfaces, where electronic hybridization and Fermi level pinning can hinder electric-field control of the QD charge state. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of a single-component self-assembled 2D array of molecules [9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA)] that exhibit electric-field-controlled spatially periodic charging on a noble metal surface, Ag(111). The charge state of DCA can be altered (between neutral and negative), depending on its adsorption site, by the local electric field induced by a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Limited metal-molecule interactions result in an effective tunneling barrier between DCA and Ag(111) that enables electric-field-induced electron population of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and, hence, charging of the molecule. Subtle site-dependent variation of the molecular adsorption height translates into a significant spatial modulation of the molecular polarizability, dielectric constant, and LUMO energy level alignment, giving rise to a spatially dependent effective molecule-surface tunneling barrier and likelihood of charging. This work offers potential for high-density 2D self-assembled nanoarrays of identical QDs whose charge states can be addressed individually with an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaneesh Kumar
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Cornelius Krull
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Yuefeng Yin
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Nikhil V Medhekar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics & Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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39
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Yan L, Pohjavirta I, Alldritt B, Liljeroth P. On-Surface Assembly of Au-Dicyanoanthracene Coordination Structures on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2297-2300. [PMID: 31050870 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On-surface metal-organic coordination provides a promising way for synthesizing different two-dimensional lattice structures that have been predicted to possess exotic electronic properties. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we studied the supramolecular self-assembly of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) molecules on the Au(111) surface. Close-packed islands of DCA molecules and Au-DCA metal-organic coordination structures coexist on the Au(111) surface. Ordered DCA3 Au2 metal-organic networks have a structure combining a honeycomb lattice of Au atoms with a kagome lattice of DCA molecules. Low-temperature STS experiments demonstrate the presence of a delocalized electronic state containing contributions from both the gold atom states and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the DCA molecules. These findings are important for the future search of topological phases in metal-organic networks combining honeycomb and kagome lattices with strong spin-orbit coupling in heavy metal atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ilona Pohjavirta
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Benjamin Alldritt
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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40
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Yuan M, Wang R, Sun Z, Lin L, Yang H, Li H, Nan C, Sun G, Ma S. Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Ni-MOFs with Highly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance for Urea Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11449-11457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zemin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Han Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Caiyun Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Genban Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shulan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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41
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Li J, Solianyk L, Schmidt N, Baker B, Gottardi S, Moreno Lopez JC, Enache M, Monjas L, van der Vlag R, Havenith RWA, Hirsch AKH, Stöhr M. Low-Dimensional Metal-Organic Coordination Structures on Graphene. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:12730-12735. [PMID: 31156737 PMCID: PMC6541427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of one- and two-dimensional metal-organic coordination structures from para-hexaphenyl-dicarbonitrile (NC-Ph6-CN) molecules and Cu atoms on graphene epitaxially grown on Ir(111). By varying the stoichiometry between the NC-Ph6-CN molecules and Cu atoms, the dimensionality of the metal-organic coordination structures could be tuned: for a 3:2 ratio, a two-dimensional hexagonal porous network based on threefold Cu coordination was observed, while for a 1:1 ratio, one-dimensional chains based on twofold Cu coordination were formed. The formation of metal-ligand bonds was supported by imaging the Cu atoms within the metal-organic coordination structures with scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the electronic properties of NC-Ph6-CN molecules and Cu atoms were different between the two-dimensional porous network and one-dimensional molecular chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Solianyk
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Baker
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Gottardi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno Lopez
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leticia Monjas
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon van der Vlag
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum
Chemistry Group, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Helmholtz
Institute
for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Yuan M, Wang R, Fu W, Lin L, Sun Z, Long X, Zhang S, Nan C, Sun G, Li H, Ma S. Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets with the Inherent Open Active Sites as Electrocatalysts in Aprotic Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11403-11413. [PMID: 30816695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have the potential to improve the performance of Li-O2 batteries with high O2 accessibility, open catalytic active sites, and large surface areas. To obtain highly efficient cathode catalysts for aprotic Li-O2 batteries, a facile ultrasonicated method has been developed to synthesize three kinds of 2D MOFs (2D Co-MOF, Ni-MOF, and Mn-MOF). Contributing from the inherent open active sites of the Mn-O framework, the discharge specific capacity of 9464 mAh g-1 is achieved with the 2D Mn-MOF cathode, higher than those of the 2D Co-MOF and Ni-MOF cathodes. During the cycling test, the 2D Mn-MOF cathode stably operates more than 200 cycles at 100 mA g-1 with a curtailed discharge capacity of 1000 mAh g-1, quite longer than those of others. According to further electrochemical analysis, we observe that the 2D Mn-MOF outperforms 2D Ni-MOF and Co-MOF due to a superior oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions activity, in particular, the efficient oxidation of both LiOH and Li2O2. The present study provides new insights that the 2D MOF nanosheets can be well applied as the Li-O2 cells with high energy density and long cycling life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Wenbo Fu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianshan Road 64 , Mianyang , Sichuan 621900 , China
| | - Liu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Zemin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xinggui Long
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianshan Road 64 , Mianyang , Sichuan 621900 , China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Caiyun Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Genban Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Shulan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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43
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Jiang W, Liu Z, Mei JW, Cui B, Liu F. Dichotomy between frustrated local spins and conjugated electrons in a two-dimensional metal-organic framework. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:955-961. [PMID: 30652715 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dichotomy between local spins and conjugated electrons spawns various exotic physical phenomena, however, it has mostly been reported in three-dimensional (3D) inorganic systems. We show, for the first time, that a rare 2D metal-organic framework exhibits intriguing dichotomy behavior, which can be directly identified through scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). In a newly synthesized Cu-hexaiminobenzene [Cu3(HAB)2], on the one hand, the Cu2+ ions form an ideal S - 1/2 antiferromagnetic (AFM) kagome lattice; on the other hand, the conjugated-electrons from the organic ligands produce a frustrated πx,y model on a honeycomb lattice, giving rise to completely dispersionless energy bands around the Fermi level that favour the ferromagnetic (FM) state. Remarkably, the frustrated local spins and conjugated electrons interact through a strong FM Hund's coupling, giving rise to a wide range of intriguing quantum phases. Furthermore, we propose that this dichotomy can be directly characterized through STM/STS measurements due to its special 2D nature, which provides a unique exciting platform to investigate the dichotomy of frustrated spins and electrons in a single lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Le KN, Hendon CH. Pressure-induced metallicity and piezoreductive transition of metal-centres in conductive 2-dimensional metal–organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25773-25778. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of two electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks are dependent on external pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa N. Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
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