1
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Lee MG, Kandambeth S, Li XY, Shekhah O, Ozden A, Wicks J, Ou P, Wang S, Dorakhan R, Park S, Bhatt PM, Kale VS, Sinton D, Eddaoudi M, Sargent EH. Bimetallic Metal Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks Facilitate the Production of 1-Butene from Electrosynthesized Ethylene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14267-14277. [PMID: 38717595 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Converting CO2 to synthetic hydrocarbon fuels is of increasing interest. In light of progress in electrified CO2 to ethylene, we explored routes to dimerize to 1-butene, an olefin that can serve as a building block to ethylene longer-chain alkanes. With goal of selective and active dimerization, we investigate a series of metal-organic frameworks having bimetallic catalytic sites. We find that the tunable pore structure enables optimization of selectivity and that periodic pore channels enhance activity. In a tandem system for the conversion of CO2 to 1-C4H8, wherein the outlet cathodic gas from a CO2-to-C2H4 electrolyzer is fed directly (via a dehumidification stage) into the C2H4 dimerizer, we study the highest-performing MOF found herein: M' = Ru and M″ = Ni in the bimetallic two-dimensional M'2(OAc)4M″(CN)4 MOF. We report a 1-C4H8 production rate of 1.3 mol gcat-1 h-1 and a C2H4 conversion of 97%. From these experimental data, we project an estimated cradle-to-gate carbon intensity of -2.1 kg-CO2e/kg-1-C4H8 when CO2 is supplied from direct air capture and when the required energy is supplied by electricity having the carbon intensity of wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyoung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharath Kandambeth
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development (FMD3) research group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development (FMD3) research group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Joshua Wicks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Roham Dorakhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Prashant M Bhatt
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development (FMD3) research group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinayak S Kale
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development (FMD3) research group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery, and Development (FMD3) research group, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Thi Kim Chau N, Kim S, Lee HJ, Lee M, Chung YM. Cr-catalysed ethylene dimerization in an ionic liquid-organic solvent biphasic system with perfect 1-butene selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:168-171. [PMID: 38050669 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cr-catalyzed ionic liquid-organic biphasic ethylene dimerization was realized with 100% 1-butene selectivity. The perfect α-olefin selectivity can be rationalized in terms of the poor solubility of the oligomerized long-chain olefins in ionic liquids, and enables the establishment of a dimerization process without any complicated and energy-intensive catalyst and byproduct separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Kim Chau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-Do 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungwhan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-Do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-Do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-Do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-Do 54150, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Malinowski J, Drzeżdżon J, Jarzembska KN, Kamiński R, Rybiński P, Gawdzik B, Jacewicz D. Catalytic Properties of Two Complexes of chromium(III) and cobalt(II) with Nitrilotriacetate, Dipicolinate, and 4-Acetylpyridine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093308. [PMID: 37176190 PMCID: PMC10179121 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a synthesis of two innovative coordination compounds, based on chromium(III) and cobalt(II) ions with N,O-donor ligands (nitrilotriacetate, dipicolinate) and 4-acetylpyridine, is reported. The obtained metal-organic compounds were structurally characterized using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The well-defined chromium(III) and cobalt(II) complexes were used as precatalysts in the oligomerization reaction of 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and 2-propen-1-ol with methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as an activator. The products of the oligomerization reaction were subjected to full physicochemical characteristics, i.e., time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), TGA, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The catalytic activity of the precatalysts in both reactions was calculated and compared with other catalysts known in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Malinowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk (Gdańsk), Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk (Gdańsk), Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Rybiński
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk (Gdańsk), Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Kong F, Ríos P, Hauck C, Fernández-de-Córdova FJ, Dickie DA, Habgood LG, Rodríguez A, Gunnoe TB. Ethylene Dimerization and Oligomerization Using Bis(phosphino)boryl Supported Ni Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:179-193. [PMID: 36542802 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the dimerization and oligomerization of ethylene using bis(phosphino)boryl supported Ni(II) complexes as catalyst precursors. By using alkylaluminum(III) compounds or other Lewis acid additives, Ni(II) complexes of the type (RPBP)NiBr (R = tBu or Ph) show activity for the production of butenes and higher olefins. Optimized turnover frequencies of 640 molethylene·molNi-1·s-1 for the formation of butenes with 41(1)% selectivity for 1-butene using (PhPBP)NiBr, and 68 molethylene·molNi-1·s-1 for butenes production with 87.2(3)% selectivity for 1-butene using (tBuPBP)NiBr, have been demonstrated. With methylaluminoxane as a co-catalyst and (tBuPBP)NiBr as the precatalyst, ethylene oligomerization to form C4 through C20 products was achieved, while the use of (PhPBP)NiBr as the pre-catalyst retained selectivity for C4 products. Our studies suggest that the ethylene dimerization is not initiated by Ni hydride or alkyl intermediates. Rather, our studies point to a mechanism that involves a cooperative B/Ni activation of ethylene to form a key 6-membered borametallacycle intermediate. Thus, a cooperative activation of ethylene by the Ni-B unit of the (RPBP)Ni catalysts is proposed as a key element of the Ni catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Pablo Ríos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry CSIC and. University of Seville, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas (IIQ), C/Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Conner Hauck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Francisco José Fernández-de-Córdova
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry CSIC and. University of Seville, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas (IIQ), C/Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Laurel G Habgood
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Amor Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry CSIC and. University of Seville, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas (IIQ), C/Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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5
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Nickel-Catalyzed Ethylene Dimerization Based on PNP(NR2)2 Ligands. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (II) complexes stabilized by PNP(NR2)2 (L1: R = Methyl, L2: R = ethyl, L3: R = isopropyl) ligands were synthesized and characterized. A narrow range of products was observed for catalytic systems containing nickel complexes and ethyl aluminum dichloride (EADC). All exhibit considerable activity in the ethylene dimerization to produce 1-butene. Precatalyst 1 is the most conducive for ethylene dimerization, producing 83.4% C4 (1-C4 36.8%) and 103.0 × 105 g/(molNi·h) in terms of its activity under the appropriate conditions. By adjusting the conditions of the catalytic system for precatalyst 2, high C4 selectivity (88.1%) with reasonable activity (76.9 × 105 g/(molNi·h)) can be obtained. The X-ray single-crystal analysis of complexes presents mononuclear bidentate coordination at the Ni center, and the relationship between certain bite angles may also imply catalytic performance.
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6
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Chromium Catalysts Based on Unsymmetrical PNP Ligands for Selective Ethylene Tri-/Tetramerization: Effect of Electron-Withdrawing/Donating Substituents on Catalytic Performance. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in situ formation and activation of Cr(III) catalysts based on unsymmetrical PNP ligands yield efficient catalytic systems for selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization. The electronic nature (electron-withdrawing or electron-donating) and position (para or meta) of the substituents over the phenyl rings of the PNP, the nature of cocatalyst (DMAO/AlEt3 and MMAO-3A), and reaction conditions have been observed to have a marked impact on catalytic performance, particularly catalytic activity. Ligand L2, bearing 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituents, yielded 33.6 kg(product).g(Cr)−1·h−1 catalytic activity with 57.7% C8 selectivity under optimal conditions. Ligand L4, having para-tolyl substituents, yielded 43.3 kg(product).g(Cr)−1·h−1 with 59.0% C8 selectivity under optimum conditions. Changing the positions of both the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents from para to meta over the phenyls of the PNP may lead to both catalytic systems exhibiting poor performance.
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7
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Ngcobo M, Nose H, Jayamani A, Ojwach SO. Structural and ethylene oligomerization studies of chelating (imino)phenol Fe( ii), Co( ii) and Ni( ii) complexes: an experimental and theoretical approach. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical data indicate that the stability and metal charge of N^O Fe(ii), Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes control their catalytic activities in ethylene oligomerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhosonke Ngcobo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Holliness Nose
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Haile Selasie Avenue, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arumugam Jayamani
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Stephen O. Ojwach
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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8
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Petit J, Saffon-Merceron N, Magna L, Mézailles N. Synthesis of L2Ni(ORF)2 (RF = C(CF3)3) Complexes and Their Reactivity in Ethylene Oligomerization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Petit
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne; 31062 Toulouse, France
- IFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT − FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Magna
- IFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize, BP3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR 5069 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne; 31062 Toulouse, France
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9
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Cruz TF, Lopes PS, Gomes PT. Allylnickel(II) complexes of bulky 5-substituted-2-iminopyrrolyl ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Chen C, Alalouni MR, Dong X, Cao Z, Cheng Q, Zheng L, Meng L, Guan C, Liu L, Abou-Hamad E, Wang J, Shi Z, Huang KW, Cavallo L, Han Y. Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ethylene Dimerization Prepared by Selectively Doping Ni on the Surface of a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7144-7153. [PMID: 33908757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of 1-butene by ethylene dimerization is an important chemical industrial process currently implemented using homogeneous catalysts. Here, we describe a highly active heterogeneous catalyst (Ni-ZIF-8) for ethylene dimerization, which consists of isolating Ni-active sites selectively located on the crystal surface of a zeolitic imidazolate framework. Ni-ZIF-8 can be easily prepared by a simple one-pot synthesis method in which site-specific anchoring of Ni is achieved spontaneously because of the incompatibility between the d8 electronic configuration of Ni2+ and the three-dimensional framework of ZIF-8. The full exposure and square-planar coordination of the Ni sites accounts for the high catalytic activity of Ni-ZIF-8. It exhibits an average ethylene turnover frequency greater than 1 000 000 h-1 (1-butene selectivity >85%) at 35 °C and 50 bar, far exceeding the activities of previously reported heterogeneous catalysts and many homogeneous catalysts under similar conditions. Moreover, compared to molecular Ni complexes used as homogeneous catalysts for ethylene dimerization, Ni-ZIF-8 has significantly higher stability and shows constant activity during 4 h of continuous reaction. Isotopic labeling experiments indicate that ethylene dimerization over Ni-ZIF-8 follows the Cossee-Arlman mechanism, and detailed characterizations combined with density functional theory calculations rationalize this observed high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed R Alalouni
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinglong Dong
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Cao
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingpeng Cheng
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lingkun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingmei Liu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Design and synthesis of base-metal nickel(II) based catalysts: studies on nearly selective formation of 1-butene from ethylene. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Wang J, Alam F, Chang Q, Chen Y, Jiang T. Catalytic behavior tuning via structural modifications of silylated‐diphosphine Ni(II) complexes for ethylene selective dimerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Wang
- Tianjin Marine Chemical Technology Engineering Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Fakhre Alam
- Tianjin Marine Chemical Technology Engineering Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Qiqi Chang
- Tianjin Marine Chemical Technology Engineering Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Tianjin Marine Chemical Technology Engineering Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Tianjin Marine Chemical Technology Engineering Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
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13
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Olivier-Bourbigou H, Breuil PAR, Magna L, Michel T, Espada Pastor MF, Delcroix D. Nickel Catalyzed Olefin Oligomerization and Dimerization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7919-7983. [PMID: 32786672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brought to life more than half a century ago and successfully applied for high-value petrochemical intermediates production, nickel-catalyzed olefin oligomerization is still a very dynamic topic, with many fundamental questions to address and industrial challenges to overcome. The unique and versatile reactivity of nickel enables the oligomerization of ethylene, propylene, and butenes into a wide range of oligomers that are highly sought-after in numerous fields to be controlled. Interestingly, both homogeneous and heterogeneous nickel catalysts have been scrutinized and employed to do this. This rare specificity encouraged us to interlink them in this review so as to open up opportunities for further catalyst development and innovation. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms in play is essential to being able to fine-tune the selectivity and achieve efficiency in the rational design of novel catalytic systems. This review thus provides a complete overview of the subject, compiling the main fundamental/industrial milestones and remaining challenges facing homogeneous/heterogeneous approaches as well as emerging catalytic concepts, with a focus on the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Olivier-Bourbigou
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - P A R Breuil
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - L Magna
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - T Michel
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | | | - D Delcroix
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
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14
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Abstract
Linear alpha-olefins are widely used in the petrochemical industry and the world demand for these compounds increases annually. At present, the main method for producing linear alpha-olefins is the homogeneous catalytic ethylene oligomerization. This review presents modern nickel catalysts for this process, mainly systems for obtaining of one of the most demanded oligomer—1-butene—which is used for the production of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The dependence of the catalytic performance on the composition and the structure of the used activated complexes, the electronic and coordination states of the nickel center was considered.
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15
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The Synthesis of YNU-5 Zeolite and Its Application to the Catalysis in the Dimethyl Ether-to-Olefin Reaction. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092030. [PMID: 32357489 PMCID: PMC7254336 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During prior investigations of the synthesis of the novel zeolite YNU-5 (YFI), it was found that a very slight amount of an impurity phase contaminated the desired zeolitic phase. This impurity was very often ZSM-5 (MFI). The phase composition was determined to be sensitive to the water in the synthesis mixture, and it was possible to obtain a pure phase and also to intentionally generate a specific impurity phase. In the present work, trials based on the dimethyl ether-to-olefin (DTO) reaction using a fixed-bed downflow reactor were performed to assess the effect of the purity of YNU-5 on its catalytic performance. Dealuminated pure YNU-5 exhibited rapid deactivation due to coking at time on stream (TOS) values exceeding 5 min. Surprisingly, this deactivation was greatly suppressed when the material contained a trace amount of ZSM-5 consisting of nano-sized particles. The formation of ZSM-5 nanoparticles evidently improved the performance of the catalytic system during the DTO reaction. The product distributions obtained from this reaction using highly dealuminated and very pure YNU-5 resembled those generated by 12-ring rather than 8-ring zeolite catalysts. The high selectivity for desirable C3 and C4 olefins during the DTO reaction over YNU-5 is beneficial.
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16
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Gallen A, Riera A, Verdaguer X, Grabulosa A. Coordination chemistry and catalysis with secondary phosphine oxides. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Review on synthesis, coordination chemistry and catalysis with secondary phosphine oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB-Barcelona)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Barcelona 08028
- Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
| | - Arnald Grabulosa
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
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17
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Mote NR, Chikkali SH. Hydrogen-Bonding-Assisted Supramolecular Metal Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3623-3646. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Mote
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune- 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi- 110001 India
| | - Samir H. Chikkali
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune- 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg New Delhi- 110001 India
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18
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Wei W, Yu B, Alam F, Huang Y, Cheng S, Jiang T. Ethylene oligomerization promoted by nickel-based catalysts with silicon-bridged diphosphine amine ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Patureau FW, Groß J, Ernsting JM, van Wüllen C, Reek JNH. P‐N Bridged Dinuclear Rh‐METAMORPhos Complexes: NMR and Computational Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic W. Patureau
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Netherlands
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin Schrödinger Strasse 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jessica Groß
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin Schrödinger Strasse 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jan Meine Ernsting
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Fachbereich Chemie Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin Schrödinger Strasse 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Netherlands
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20
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Bryliakov KP, Antonov AA. Recent progress of transition metal based catalysts for the selective dimerization of ethylene. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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de Oliveira L, da Silva S, Casagrande A, Stieler R, Casagrande O. Synthesis and characterization of Ni (II) complexes supported by phenoxy/naphthoxy-imine ligands with pendant N
- and O
-donor groups and their use in ethylene oligomerization. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L.L. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 RS 90501-970 Brazil
| | - S.M. da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 RS 90501-970 Brazil
| | - A.C.A. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 RS 90501-970 Brazil
| | - R. Stieler
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 RS 90501-970 Brazil
| | - O.L. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 RS 90501-970 Brazil
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22
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Hulea V. Toward Platform Chemicals from Bio-Based Ethylene: Heterogeneous Catalysts and Processes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Hulea
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, 240 avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, CS 60297, 34296 Montpellier Cedex
5, France
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23
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Mote NR, Patel K, Shinde DR, Gaikwad SR, Koshti VS, Gonnade RG, Chikkali SH. H-Bonding Assisted Self-Assembly of Anionic and Neutral Ligand on Metal: A Comprehensive Strategy To Mimic Ditopic Ligands in Olefin Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12448-12456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh R. Mote
- Polyolefin Lab,
Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- Polyolefin Lab,
Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Dinesh R. Shinde
- Central
NMR facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Shahaji R. Gaikwad
- Polyolefin Lab,
Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Vijay S. Koshti
- Polyolefin Lab,
Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Samir H. Chikkali
- Polyolefin Lab,
Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
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24
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Olivier-Bourbigou H, Chizallet C, Dumeignil F, Fongarland P, Geantet C, Granger P, Launay F, Löfberg A, Massiani P, Maugé F, Ouali A, Roger AC, Schuurman Y, Tanchoux N, Uzio D, Jérôme F, Duprez D, Pinel C. The Pivotal Role of Catalysis in France: Selected Examples of Recent Advances and Future Prospects. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Chizallet
- Catalysis and Separation Division; IFP Energies nouvelles; F-69360 Solaize France
| | - Franck Dumeignil
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Pascal Fongarland
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (LGPC); Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE, CNRS; F-69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Christophe Geantet
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Pascal Granger
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Franck Launay
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Axel Löfberg
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Pascale Massiani
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS); ENSICAEN, CNRS; F-14000 Caen France
| | - Armelle Ouali
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM); Université Montpellier, CNRS; F-34095 Montpellier France
| | - Anne-Cécile Roger
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES); Université de Strasbourg, CNRS; F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Yves Schuurman
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nathalie Tanchoux
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM); Université Montpellier, CNRS; F-34095 Montpellier France
| | - Denis Uzio
- Catalysis and Separation Division; IFP Energies nouvelles; F-69360 Solaize France
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, CNRS; F-86073 Poitiers France
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, CNRS; F-86073 Poitiers France
| | - Catherine Pinel
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
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25
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Forget S, Olivier-Bourbigou H, Delcroix D. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nickel-Catalyzed Olefin Oligomerization: Experimental Investigation for a Common Mechanistic Proposition and Catalyst Optimization. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Forget
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize BP3; 69360 Solaize France
| | | | - Damien Delcroix
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-Point de l'Echangeur de Solaize BP3; 69360 Solaize France
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26
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Lhermet R, Moser E, Jeanneau E, Olivier-Bourbigou H, Breuil PAR. Outer-Sphere Reactivity Shift of Secondary Phosphine Oxide-Based Nickel Complexes: From Ethylene Hydrophosphinylation to Oligomerization. Chemistry 2017; 23:7433-7437. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Lhermet
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Emile Moser
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon; Université de Lyon; 5 rue de La Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
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27
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Kumar K, Godeto T, Darkwa J. Tandem ethylene dimerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene catalyzed by homo- and heterogeneous nickel(II) and palladium(II) pre-catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Jongbloed LS, García-López D, van Heck R, Siegler MA, Carbó JJ, van der Vlugt JI. Arene C(sp2)-H Metalation at NiII Modeled with a Reactive PONCPh Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8041-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Jongbloed
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diego García-López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Richard van Heck
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Silane-bridged diphosphine ligands for nickel-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Wang J, Zhang N, Li C, Shi W, Lin Z. Synthesis and Ethylene Oligomerization of Hyperbranched Salicylaldimine Nickel Complexes. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Northeast Petroleum University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province 163318 China
| | - Na Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Northeast Petroleum University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province 163318 China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Northeast Petroleum University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province 163318 China
| | - Weiguang Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Northeast Petroleum University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province 163318 China
| | - Zhiyu Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Northeast Petroleum University; Daqing Heilongjiang Province 163318 China
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31
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Obuah C, Jordaan JHL, Darkwa J. (Ferrocenylpyrazolyl)nickel(ii)-catalysed ethylene oligomerisation. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Ferrocenylpyrazolyl)nickel(ii) complexes upon activation with EtAlCl2 catalyse ethylene oligomerisation reactions in chlorobenzene to isomers of butenes and C16–C64 olefins without Schulz–Flory distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Obuah
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- Auckland Park Kingsway Campus
- South Africa
| | - Johan H. L. Jordaan
- Focus Area Chemical Resource Beneficiation
- Catalysis and Synthesis Group
- North-West University
- Potchefstroom
- South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- Auckland Park Kingsway Campus
- South Africa
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32
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Oldenhof S, Lutz M, van der Vlugt JI, Reek JNH. Intermolecular C–H activation with an Ir-METAMORPhos piano-stool complex – multiple reaction steps at a reactive ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15200-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of phenylacetylene with an IrIII(METAMORPhos) complex generates a unique four-membered IrPNC metallacyclic species with an exocyclic CC fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Oldenhof
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - M. Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research
- Utrecht University
- the Netherlands
| | - J. I. van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - J. N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired & Supramolecular Catalysis
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
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