1
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Rina YA, Schmidt JAR. Alpha-metalated N, N-dimethylbenzylamine rare-earth metal complexes and their catalytic applications. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38757291 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This perspective summarizes our group's extensive research in the realm of organometallic lanthanide complexes, while also placing the catalytic reactions supported by these species within the context of known lanthanide catalysis worldwide, with a specific focus on phosphorus-based catalytic reactions such as intermolecular hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation. α-Metalated N,N-dimethylbenzylamine ligands have been utilized to generate homoleptic lanthanide complexes, which have subsequently proven to be highly active lanthanum-based catalysts. The main goal of our research program has been to enhance the catalytic efficiency of lanthanum-based complexes, which began with initial successes in the stoichiometric synthesis of organometallic lanthanide complexes and utilization of these species in catalytic hydrophosphination reactions. Not only have these species supported traditional lanthanide catalysis, such as the hydrophosphination of heterocumulenes like carbodiimides, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates, but they have also been effective for a plethora of catalytic reactions tested thus far, including the hydrophosphinylation and hydrophosphorylation of nitriles, hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation of alkynes and alkenes, and the heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines. Each of these catalytic transformations is meritorious in its own right, offering new synthetic routes to generate organic scaffolds with enhanced functionality while concurrently minimizing both waste generation and energy consumption. Objectives: We aim for the research summary presented herein to inspire and encourage other researchers to investigate f-element based stoichiometric and catalytic reactions. Our efforts in this field began with the recognition that potassium salts of benzyldimethylamine preferred deprotonation at the α-position, rather than the ortho-position, and we wondered if this regiochemistry would be retained in the formation of lanthanide complexes. The pursuit of this simple idea led first to a series of structurally fascinating homoleptic organometallic lanthanide complexes with surprisingly good stability. Fundamental studies of the protonolysis chemistry of these complexes ultimately revealed highly versatile lanthanide-based precatalysts that have propelled a catalytic investigation spanning more than a decade. We anticipate that this summative perspective will animate the synthetic as well as biological communities to consider La(DMBA)3-based catalytic methods in the synthesis of functionalized organic scaffolds as an atom-economic, convenient, and efficient methodology. Ultimately, we envision our work making a positive impact on the advancement of novel chemical transformations and contributing to progress in various fields of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesmin Akter Rina
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St. MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
| | - Joseph A R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St. MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
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2
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Belli RG, Muir V, Dyck NB, Pantazis DA, Sousa TPA, Slusar CR, Parkin HC, Rosenberg L. Exploring Electrophilic Hydrophosphination via Metal Phosphenium Intermediates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302924. [PMID: 38242847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Two Mo(0) phosphenium complexes containing ancillary secondary phosphine ligands have been investigated with respect to their ability to participate in electrophilic addition at unsaturated substrates and subsequent P-H hydride transfer to "quench" the resulting carbocations. These studies provide stoichiometric "proof of concept" for a proposed new metal-catalyzed electrophilic hydrophosphination mechanism. The more strongly Lewis acidic phosphenium complex, [Mo(CO)4(PR2H)(PR2)]+ (R=Ph, Tolp), cleanly hydrophosphinates 1,1-diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene, while other substrates react rapidly to give products resulting from competing electrophilic processes. A less Lewis acidic complex, [Mo(CO)3(PR2H)2(PR2)]+, generally reacts more slowly but participates in clean hydrophosphination of a wider range of unsaturated substrates, including styrene, indene, 1-hexene, and cyclohexanone, in addition to 1,1-diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene. Mechanistic studies are described, including stoichiometric control reactions and computational and kinetic analyses, which probe whether the observed P-H addition actually does occur by the proposed electrophilic mechanism, and whether hydridic P-H transfer in this system is intra- or intermolecular. Preliminary reactivity studies indicate challenges that must be addressed to exploit these promising results in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Vanessa Muir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Nicholas B Dyck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tânia P A Sousa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Carly R Slusar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Hayley C Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
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3
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Belli RG, Yang J, Bahena EN, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Mechanism and Catalyst Design in Ru-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrophosphination. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Erick Nuñez Bahena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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4
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Joshi A, Killeen C, Thiessen T, Zijlstra HS, McIndoe JS. Handling considerations for the mass spectrometry of reactive organometallic compounds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4807. [PMID: 35019209 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in disparate areas of chemistry, but its characteristic strength of sensitivity can be an Achilles heel when studying highly reactive organometallic compounds. A quantity of material suitable for mass spectrometric analysis often represents a tiny grain or a very dilute solution, and both are highly susceptible to decomposition due to ambient oxygen or moisture. This complexity can be frustrating to chemists and analysts alike: the former being unable to get spectra free of decomposition products and the latter often being poorly equipped to handle reactive samples. Fortunately, many creative solutions to such problems have been developed. This review summarizes some key methods for handling reactive samples in conjunction with the various ionization methods most frequently employed for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles Killeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tanner Thiessen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harmen S Zijlstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Geer AM, Tejel C. Organo-phosphanide and -phosphinidene complexes of Groups 8–11. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Varela-Izquierdo V, Geer AM, Navarro J, López JA, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Rhodium Complexes in P-C Bond Formation: Key Role of a Hydrido Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:349-358. [PMID: 33356217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olefin hydrophosphanation is an attractive route for the atom-economical synthesis of functionalized phosphanes. This reaction involves the formation of P-C and H-C bonds. Thus, complexes that contain both hydrido and phosphanido functionalities are of great interest for the development of effective and fast catalysts. Herein, we showcase the excellent activity of one of them, [Rh(Tp)H(PMe3)(PPh2)] (1), in the hydrophosphanation of a wide range of olefins. In addition to the required nucleophilicity of the phosphanido moiety to accomplish the P-C bond formation, the key role of the hydride ligand in 1 has been disclosed by both experimental results and DFT calculations. An additional Rh-H···C stabilization in some intermediates or transition states favors the hydrogen transfer reaction from rhodium to carbon to form the H-C bond. Further support for our proposal arises from the poor activity exhibited by the related chloride complex [Rh(Tp)Cl(PMe3)(PPh2)] as well as from stoichiometric and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Varela-Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Geer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janeth Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Gross JH. From the discovery of field ionization to field desorption and liquid injection field desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry-A journey from principles and applications to a glimpse into the future. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:241-273. [PMID: 32605392 PMCID: PMC7383431 DOI: 10.1177/1469066720939399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the ionizing effect of strong electric fields in the order of volts per Ångstrom in the early 1950s eventually led to the development of field ionization-mass spectrometry (FI-MS). Due to the very low ion currents, and thus, limited by the instrumentation of the 1960s, it took some time for the, by then, new technique to become adopted for analytical applications. In FI-MS, volatile or at least vaporizable samples mainly deliver molecular ions, and consequently, mass spectra showing no or at least minor numbers of fragment ion signals. The next major breakthrough was achieved by overcoming the need to evaporate the analyte prior to ionization. This was accomplished in the early 1970s by simply depositing the samples onto the field emitter and led to field desorption-mass spectrometry (FD-MS). With FD-MS, a desorption ionization method had become available that paved the road to the mass spectral analysis of larger molecules of low to high polarity and even of organic salts. In FD-MS, all of these analytes deliver spectra with no or at least few fragment ion peaks. The last milestone was the development of liquid injection field desorption/ionization (LIFDI) in the early 2000s that allows for sample deposition under the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen and water. In addition to sampling under inert conditions, LIFDI also enables more robust and quicker operation than classical FI-MS and FD-MS procedures. The development and applications of FI, FD, and LIFDI had mutual interference with the mass analyzers that were used in combination with these methods. Vice versa, the demand for using these techniques on other than magnetic sector instruments has effectuated their adaptation to different types of modern mass analyzers. The journey started with magnetic sector instruments, almost skipped quadrupole analyzers, encompassed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) and orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oaTOF) analyzers, and finally arrived at Orbitraps. Even interfaces for continuous-flow LIFDI have been realized. Even though being niche techniques to some degree, one may be confident that FI, FD, and LIFDI have a promising future ahead of them. This Account takes you on the journey from principles and applications of the title methods to a glimpse into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen H Gross
- Jürgen H Gross, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Nährig F, Gemmecker G, Chung JY, Hütchen P, Lauk S, Klein MP, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Sitzmann H, Thiel WR. Complexes of Platinum Group Elements Containing the Intrinsically Chiral Cyclopentadienide Ligand (CpC)−1. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nährig
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerd Gemmecker
- Technische Universität München, BNMRZ, Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jae-Yeon Chung
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Hütchen
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sergej Lauk
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias P. Klein
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitzmann
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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9
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Varela‐Izquierdo V, Geer AM, Bruin B, López JA, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Rhodium Complexes in P−H Bond Activation Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:15915-15928. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Varela‐Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. Geer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
| | - Bas Bruin
- University of AmsterdamVan 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences Science park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - José A. López
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ciriano
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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10
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Chadwick AC, Heckenast MA, Race JJ, Pringle PG, Sparkes HA. Self-Replication of Chelating Diphosphines via Pt(0)-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailis C. Chadwick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Martin A. Heckenast
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James J. Race
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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11
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Cibuzar MP, Dannenberg SG, Waterman R. A Commercially Available Ruthenium Compound for Catalytic Hydrophosphination. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cibuzar
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
| | - Steven G. Dannenberg
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
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12
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Yang J, Langis-Barsetti S, Parkin HC, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Terminal Phosphido Complexes of the Ru(η 5-Cp*) Fragment. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Sophie Langis-Barsetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Hayley C. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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13
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Belli RG, Wu Y, Ji H, Joshi A, Yunker LPE, McIndoe JS, Rosenberg L. Competitive Ligand Exchange and Dissociation in Ru Indenyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:747-755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Hyewon Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Anuj Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lars P. E. Yunker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Vikse KL, Scott McIndoe J. Ionization methods for the mass spectrometry of organometallic compounds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1026-1034. [PMID: 30183116 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of new ionization methods has greatly expanded the ability of mass spectrometry to target diverse areas of chemistry. Synthetic organometallic and inorganic chemists often find themselves with interesting characterization problems that mass spectrometry could potentially find the answer for, but without a guide for choosing the appropriate method of analysis. This tutorial review seeks to provide that guidance via a simple flow chart followed by a brief description of how each common ionization method works. It covers all of the commonly used ionization techniques as well as promising variants and aims to be a resource of first resort for organometallic chemists and analysts tackling a new problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Vikse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
- 2018 Erskine Fellow, College of Science, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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15
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Bissember AC, Gardiner MG, Wierenga TS. α-Cyanocarbanion complexes and their application in synthesis. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Bange CA, Conger MA, Novas BT, Young ER, Liptak MD, Waterman R. Light-Driven, Zirconium-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination with Primary Phosphines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Bange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Matthew A. Conger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Bryan T. Novas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Seeley G. Mudd, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Matthew D. Liptak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Discovery Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
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17
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Zhang Y, Qu L, Wang Y, Yuan D, Yao Y, Shen Q. Neutral and Cationic Zirconium Complexes Bearing Multidentate Aminophenolato Ligands for Hydrophosphination Reactions of Alkenes and Heterocumulenes. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:139-149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liye Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of
Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Álvarez D, Mera-Adasme R, Riera L, Cárdenas-Jirón GI, Pérez J, Díaz J, Menéndez MI, López R. Insights on the Reactivity of Terminal Phosphanido Metal Complexes toward Activated Alkynes from Theoretical Computations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6652-6661. [PMID: 28520424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a theoretical study on the reaction of [Re(PPh2) (CO)3(phen)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [Re(PPh2) (CO)3(bipy)] (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) toward methyl propiolate. In agreement with experimental results for the phen ligand, the coupling of the substituted acetylenic carbon with the nonsubstituted ortho carbon of the phen ligand is the preferred route from both kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints with a Gibbs energy barrier of 18.8 kcal/mol and an exoergicity of 11.1 kcal/mol. There are other two routes, the insertion of the acetylenic fragment into the P-Re bond and the coupling between the substituted acetylenic carbon and a carbonyl ligand in cis disposition, which are kinetically less favorable than the preferred route (by 2.8 and 1.9 kcal/mol, respectively). Compared with phen, the bipy ligand shows less electrophilic character and also less π electron delocalization due to the absence of the fused ring between the two pyridine rings. As a consequence, the route involving the coupling with a carbonyl ligand starts to be kinetically competitive, whereas the product of the attack to bipy is still the most stable and would be the one mainly obtained after spending enough time to reach thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Mera-Adasme
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias , Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Gloria I Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias , Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura , Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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19
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Burton KME, Pantazis DA, Belli RG, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Alkene Insertions into a Ru–PR2 Bond. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. E. Burton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roman G. Belli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
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20
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Weismann J, Scharf LT, Gessner VH. Cooperative P–H Bond Activation with Ruthenium and Iridium Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart T. Scharf
- Inorganic
Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Inorganic
Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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21
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Bange CA, Waterman R. Challenges in Catalytic Hydrophosphination. Chemistry 2016; 22:12598-605. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Bange
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
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22
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Liu Q, Wang C, Zhang X, Xue M, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Synthesis and molecular structures of divalent bridged bis(guanidinate) europium complexes and their application in intermolecular hydrophosphination of alkenes and alkynes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic EuIIcomplexes supported by bridged bis(guanidinate) ligands are efficient precatalysts for the intermolecular hydrophosphination of alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Chuanyong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Mingqiang Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Yingming Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Qi Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
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