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Zhao BY, Jia Q, Wang YQ. Synthesis of meta-carbonyl phenols and anilines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2415. [PMID: 38499520 PMCID: PMC10948751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenols and anilines are of extreme importance for medicinal chemistry and material science. The development of efficient approaches to prepare both compounds has thus long been a vital research topic. The utility of phenols and anilines directly reflects the identity and pattern of substituents on the benzenoid ring. Electrophilic substitutions remain among the most powerful synthetic methods to substituted phenols and anilines, yet in principle achieving ortho- and para-substituted products. Therefore, the selective preparation of meta-substituted phenols and anilines is the most significant challenge. We herein report an efficient copper-catalyzed dehydrogenation strategy to exclusively synthesize meta-carbonyl phenols and anilines from carbonyl substituted cyclohexanes. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation undergoes a copper-catalyzed dehydrogenation/allylic hydroxylation or amination/oxidative dehydrogenation/aromatization cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, School of Foreign Languages, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Zeng M, Chen JL, Luo X, Zou YJ, Liu ZN, Dai J, Jiang DZ, Li JJ. Oxygen-Free Csp 3-H Oxidation of Pyridin-2-yl-methanes to Pyridin-2-yl-methanones with Water by Copper Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7587. [PMID: 38005308 PMCID: PMC10673412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic ketones are important pharmaceutical intermediates, especially the pyridin-2-yl-methanone motifs. Thus, synthetic methods for these compounds have gained extensive attention in the last few years. Transition metals catalyze the oxidation of Csp3-H for the synthesis of aromatic ketones, which is arresting. Here, we describe an efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyridin-2-yl-methanones from pyridin-2-yl-methanes through a direct Csp3-H oxidation approach with water under mild conditions. Pyridin-2-yl-methanes with aromatic rings, such as substituted benzene, thiophene, thiazole, pyridine, and triazine, undergo the reaction well to obtain the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Several controlled experiments are operated for the mechanism exploration, indicating that water participates in the oxidation process, and it is the single oxygen source in this transformation. The current work provides new insights for water-involving oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (M.Z.)
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (M.Z.)
| | - Xue Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (X.L.)
| | - Yan-Jiao Zou
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (M.Z.)
| | - Zhao-Ning Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (X.L.)
| | - Jun Dai
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Deng-Zhao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (M.Z.)
- Jiujiang Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Northwest Jiangxi, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Jin-Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (X.L.)
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Wang J, Wang T, Du H, Chen N, Xu J, Yang Z. Accessing para-Alkylphenols via Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Specific Deoxygenation of Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12572-12584. [PMID: 37594916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed and phenol-directed deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols comes as an alternative access to 4-alkylphenols, featuring low catalyst loading (S/C up to 20,000, TOF up to 12,400 h-1), high functionality compatibility, and excellent site-selectivity. The applications in late-stage modification of steroids and gram-scale total synthesis of a Gastrodia elata extract are highlighted. Mechanistically, the intermediacy of quinone methide controls the site-selectivity, and the formation of iridium hydride serves as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Cao J, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Liu R. Direct Synthesis of Esters from Alkylarenes and Carboxylic Acids: The C-H Bond Dehydroesterification. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37276511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a reaction in which the benzyl C-H bonds of alkylarenes are directly esterified by carboxylic acids to produce benzyl esters in high yields is reported. This reaction is catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on N-doped carbon (CN) composites based on a carbonizing Al-MIL-101(NH2) material, and no oxidants or hydrogen acceptors are required. Use of o-alkylbenzoic acids as substrates leads to phthalides, whereas with carboxylic acids and alkylarenes as the feedstock, the reaction produces the benzyl esters. These reactions that use readily available alkylarenes instead of benzyl halides or benzyl alcohols as raw materials for one-step synthesis of benzyl esters without oxidants are inherently atom- and step-efficient. The CN composites and the CN-supported Pd NP catalysts were prepared and are well characterized. The proposed mechanism involves dehydrogenation of both the carboxylic groups and the benzylic groups and the transformation of benzylic C-H bond into the C-O bond via hydrogen abstraction from the benzylic group through an organopalladium intermediate. The kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 2.77) indicated that C(sp3)-H bond cleavage of the alkane aromatics is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianghan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yinglin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Renhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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p-Xylene Oxidation to Terephthalic Acid: New Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041922. [PMID: 36838910 PMCID: PMC9961377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale terephthalic acid production from the oxidation of p-xylene is an especially important process in the polyester industry, as it is mainly used in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, a polymer that is widely used in fibers, films, and plastic products. This review presents and discusses catalytic advances and new trends in terephthalic acid production (since 2014), innovations in terephthalic acid purification processes, and simulations of reactors and reaction mechanisms.
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Femtosecond laser-engineered 3D microfluidic chips: Synthesis system sprouting highly efficient multiphase organic reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zeng M, Yuan ZX, Wen LF, Jiang D, Lu H, Liu W, Dai J, Zeng SX. The copper-catalyzed oxidation of arylmethyl triazines with H 2O toward the oxidant-free synthesis of aroyl triazines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5406-5411. [PMID: 35521790 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient copper-catalyzed dehydrogenation method for the synthesis of aroyl triazines from arylmethyl triazines with water in the absence of additional oxidants or hydrogen acceptors. The use of substrates with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups resulted in moderate to good yields. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 18O-labeled-water reactions and hydrogen capture experiments confirmed that water was the only oxygen donor and hydrogen was the by-product. This oxidation strategy provides a new approach for the synthesis of aroyl triazines with a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Zi-Xin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Lin-Fei Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Dengzhao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Hui Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China.
| | - Shen-Xin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China.
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