1
|
Ballesteros-Garrido R. Recent developments in the synthesis of 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-azaindoles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
2
|
Santos AS, Ferro RD, Viduedo N, Maia LB, Silva AMS, Marques MMB. Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Mediated by Potassium tert-Butoxide. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200265. [PMID: 36650736 PMCID: PMC9845755 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indole moiety is an important N-heterocycle found in natural products, and a key structural component of many value-added chemicals including pharmaceuticals. In particular, bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) are an important subgroup of indoles, composed of two indole units. Herein, we report the development of a simple method to access BIMs derivatives in yields of up to 77 % by exploiting a tBuOK-mediated coupling reaction of indoles and benzyl alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Rita D. Ferro
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Nuno Viduedo
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Luísa B. Maia
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
N-heterocycles, both saturated and unsaturated, are ubiquitous biologically active molecules that are extremely appealing scaffolds in drug discovery programs. Although classical synthetic methods have been developed to access many relevant N-heterocyclic scaffolds, representing well-established and reliable routes, some do not meet the needs of sustainability. In this context, several advances have been made towards the sustainable synthesis of N-heterocycles. This review focuses on the most recent examples from the last five years of catalytic synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds of medicinal relevance. Thus, the synthesis of isoindoloquinazolines, quinazolines and azaindoles, among others, are covered. The synthetic methods selected include the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and the use of alternative and sustainable methods such as, for example, metal-catalyzed acceptorless coupling and one-pot reactions. The green aspects of the individual synthetic approaches are highlighted, and the scope of each methodology is described.
Collapse
|
4
|
Motati DR, Amaradhi R, Ganesh T. Recent developments in the synthesis of azaindoles from pyridine and pyrrole building blocks. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The azaindole framework is ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review highlights the synthetic approaches to azaindoles with advantages and limitations, mechanistic pathways and biological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Emory School of Medicine
- Atlanta
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marques MMB, Santos AS. Pd-Catalyzed Functionalization of Aryl Amines on a Soluble Polymer Support. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHerein we report the use of a soluble polymer support PEG-2000 on Pd-catalyzed reactions to improve the functionalization of aromatic amines and the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Compatibility of metal-catalyzed reactions for assembling privileged structures such as functionalized anilines were studied. PEG-supported anilines were found to be suitable substrates for Pd-catalyzed N-arylation, Sonogashira and Heck reactions. PEGylated substrates were prepared in yields up to 94%. This work consists on a proof of concept on the use of PEGylated anilines on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Indole core was attained in 82% and 62% yields, via two different routes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Santos AS, Martins MM, Mortinho AC, Silva AM, Marques MMB. Exploring the reactivity of halogen-free aminopyridines in one-pot palladium-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling/C–H functionalization. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
7
|
Dudhe P, Venkatasubbaiah K, Pathak B, Chelvam V. Serendipitous base catalysed condensation-heteroannulation of iminoesters: a regioselective route to the synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1582-1587. [PMID: 32048705 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A serendipitous discovery of a novel one-pot synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles is reported herein. In the presence of Hunig's base, various N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes have been efficiently transformed into their corresponding 4,6-disubstituted 5-azaindoles through an imine mediated cascade condensation-heteroannulation. The synthetic value of the methodology is established by preparing a novel chemical analogue of a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premansh Dudhe
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India.
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India.
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India. and Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore-453 552, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Le Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Chen D, Yan L, Wang Z, Ouyang G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 7-azaindoles via iron-catalyzed cyclization of an o-haloaromatic amine with terminal alkynes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39684-39688. [PMID: 35541389 PMCID: PMC9076099 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical procedure was developed to prepare 7-azaindole, starting from an o-haloaromatic amine and corresponding terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation and the scope was demonstrated with a number of examples. The valuable features of this procedure included the iron-catalyzed cyclization, short reaction times and convenient operation. Furthermore, iron catalysis is an interesting alternative to homogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of heterocycles. An efficient and practical procedure was developed to prepare 7-azaindole, starting from an o-haloaromatic amine and corresponding terminal alkynes under microwave irradiation and the scope was demonstrated with a number of examples.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Le
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Guiping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China .,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs Guiyang 550025 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Venkateshwarlu R, Nath Singh S, Siddaiah V, Ramamohan H, Dandela R, Pal M. Ultrasound assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,2-diaryl azaindoles via Pd/C-Cu catalysis: Identification of potential cytotoxic agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Verma S, Kumar M, Mishra PK, Verma AK. Metal-Free Carbonyl-Assisted Regioselective Hydration of Alkynes: An Access to Dicarbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:5059-5063. [PMID: 31199155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free regioselective hydration of o-alkynylaldehydes with the assistance of neighboring carbonyl oxygen is disclosed. The developed protocol provides a facile route to synthesize a series of multisubstituted carbonyl containing scaffolds that enable the potential application toward the synthesis of highly diversified 5-azaindoles. γ-Carbolines and 2,8-diazacarbazoles can also be accessed directly without isolating the dicarbonyl compounds. The developed methodology is operationally simple and environment-friendly, tolerates a wide variety of functional groups, and is applicable toward large scale synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos AS, Mortinho AC, Marques MMB. Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions on Azaindole Synthesis and Functionalization. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102673. [PMID: 30336623 PMCID: PMC6222529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azaindoles are rare in nature but extremely attractive for drug discovery programs. Azaindoles can be obtained by diverse methods, including those involving metal-catalyzed reactions. This important core has been fascinating the scientific community due to their challenging synthesis and relevant bioactivity. This paper highlights the diverse synthetic methodologies developed to date involving metal-catalyzed reaction to attain azaindoles and its functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Mortinho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M Manuel B Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|